The product strategy of Baidu Zhijia business group can be divided into three major areas: car, road and line: "car" is to provide smart car solutions for B-end car companies; "Road" is an intelligent solution for urban traffic; "Travel" is a travel service for C-end consumers.

On March 14th-16th, 2023, at the 4th Software-Defined Automobile Forum and AUTOSAR China Day in 2023, Wu Changlong, a senior engineer of Baidu Apollo Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., said that Baidu’s technology accumulation in L4 field and the scale advantage of L2+ products promoted each other, and now it has realized the comprehensive layout of taxi-passenger car-urban transportation. On the technical level, the modular MCU and strong mainline software architecture can meet the needs of parallel development of different models and multiple projects on the same platform; With the support of agile development method and CICD, the output quality can be guaranteed while meeting the rapidly changing internal and external needs.

　

Wu Changlong | Senior Engineer of Baidu Apollo Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd.

The following is a summary of the speech:

Development and challenge of Baidu Apollo intelligent driving domain controller

In the past ten years, Baidu has accumulated rich technology and experience in the field of artificial intelligence, and now it applies these leading AI technologies to the automotive field. The product strategy of Baidu’s intelligent driving business group is laid out in three areas, which are car, road and line.

"Car" refers to the intelligence of cars. ASD, Baidu’s smart car division, is a tier1 role that provides full-stack smart car solutions for B-end car customers, including smart driving and smart cabin. At present, it has provided smart car solutions for 31 car companies, 134 models and more than 7 million cars. Baidu’s car is one of Baidu Apollo’s partners, and will be equipped with the full-stack intelligent solution of Baidu smart car, which will be listed this year.

"Road" refers to smart city traffic. At present, Baidu’s smart city transportation has provided solutions for 63 cities across the country, providing efficiency for urban transportation.

"Travel" refers to providing travel services for C-end consumers, which is known as radish running. Last year, Baidu released the sixth generation RT6, which has the ability to drive automatically on complex urban roads, and its cost reached 250,000 yuan. The mass production of RT6 will greatly accelerate the scale and commercialization of unmanned vehicles.

The above businesses complement each other. Baidu has accumulated rich technology and experience in L4 field, which can provide hot start for L2+ products. L2+ products feed back L4 products with the advantages of scale, and solve the long tail problem of L4 products’ final commercial landing.

Baidu’s smart car products include intelligent driving and intelligent cabin, including small-scale in-vehicle system and software and hardware integrated solution ARC. The intelligent driving domain controller is divided into two heterogeneous control chips, MCU and SOC. MCU deployed AUTOSAR protocol station, and developed CDD and application algorithm on this basis. The bottom layer of SOC is a system, and the top layer is the hardware poke layer and the middleware Apollo OS； developed by Baidu. Further up is the various atomic ability services of the algorithm; Further up are the various application logics of the algorithm.

Next, we will share the challenges we face in the development of intelligent driving domain controller MCU software based on AUTOSAR.

First of all, in recent years, there are many projects of Baidu’s intelligent driving domain controller, and it has already faced the situation that the same hardware platform supports multiple projects and multiple models for parallel development. A project needs to maintain independent software branches, and software changes, software optimization or repairs made in one project branch are always manually migrated to other project branches to ensure the consistency of product experience. And the coupling between software modules is very strong, and the change of one software module will often lead to the change of other modules, which will affect the whole body; In addition, it is necessary to migrate to multiple software branches at the same time, and the workload of maintenance increases exponentially with the increase of software complexity and projects.

In the stage of frequent changes in the demand of intelligent driving track, the time period is very short; However, there will be no reduction in the quality requirements for output. This challenges our software architecture. We urgently need a software architecture that can support multi-project parallel development and rapid iteration.

How to solve this problem? We found inspiration on AUTOSAR. The core idea of AUTOSAR is the decoupling of hardware and software. The bottom layer realizes the software functions that are strongly related to hardware, and abstracts them into standard interfaces for the upper layer. The upper ECU and the application layer are almost insensitive to the difference of the lower hardware, which makes the AUTOSAR architecture software migrate on multiple hardware platforms.

Secondly, the core idea of AUTOSAR is the modularization of software and standardization of interfaces. AUTOSAR is divided into hundreds of software modules, and the function definition of software modules is very clear, and the data between software is exchanged with the defined standardized interfaces. When the software of one module is changed, the influence on other software modules and even the whole controller software is controllable.

Platform of MCU software for intelligent driving domain controller

Our MCU platform software architecture refers to the idea of AUTOSAR. Firstly, a set of loosely coupled software architecture is needed. The so-called loose coupling means software modularization, and the function definition of each software module must be clear. The exchange interface between modules is standardized and managed in a unified file according to the architectural method of AUTOSAR.

The second is the strong mainline software architecture. Referring to the software architecture idea of AUTOSAR, we divide our MCU software into different softwares according to the actual business requirements. A hardware platform has only one software, and a project has a separate software. The interface between is predefined and cannot be easily changed. To ensure that a set of software can be combined with different software of multiple projects.

The actual operation method of this software architecture is:

First of all, the BSW project of AUTOSAR is strongly related to specific projects and models, such as the number of communication buses, the configuration of communication matrix, the configuration of diagnostic protocol stations, the configuration of network management, etc. These configurations are different for each model. Therefore, the BSW engineering code of AUTOSAR is divided into BASE software and CDD software (including IOO abstraction of various hardware and data intervention of sensors, etc.). These modules are only related to the hardware platform and have no direct relationship with the project. The application layer software isolates the differences of signal interfaces of various vehicles through the signal abstraction module, which makes most application layer software project-independent.

In addition, there are some special software modules, such as time synchronization module. All items of the time synchronization scheme in our domain are consistent; However, the cross-domain and vehicle-domain schemes have different projects. For this kind of module, we split the software of a module into two parts for maintenance, provided that the interfaces between the software must be well defined, so that multiple projects can share one software, and different BASE software can work normally together.

Under this software architecture, the methods of software management are different. A hardware platform has only one software warehouse, and each project has a separate BASE software warehouse. Only when the software is merged can the final MCU software output be obtained. Its advantage lies in that the mainline optimization is directly effective for each project. The challenge is how to ensure that the changes on the main line are not wrong for each project, which requires agile development and CICD to ensure.

Agile development of MCU software for intelligent driving domain controller

The software version delivery of the whole intelligent driving domain controller basically follows the traditional automobile micro-model development, from the initial demand input to software design, software development, software testing and overall acceptance, and a version lasts about 2-3 months. In the big cycle, we iteratively split the MCU software version into weekly agile development cycles.

The cycle of agile iteration in weeks can also be refined to the development iteration in days. Baidu has its own set of code management tools. When we push the code, it triggers the continuous integration compilation pipeline to get the compiled results and outputs. At the same time, the system will automatically trigger to pull the latest code from the library every night and push it to the CICD test server. The test server will simulate the upper computer to deploy the software to the domain controller of the test bench, which has a full set of sensor environment and simulated vehicle environment besides the physical domain controller. After the deployment, according to the pre-set test flow, the MCU software is matched with the SOC terminal to conduct a set of systematic tests.

After the test, the server finally collects the test results, and generates an email report and pushes it to the corresponding person. When you go to work the next day, you will know whether there is any problem with the previous day’s cooperation code. In addition to the bench test, we have a lot of driving tests every day, and the data generated in the test and the problems will be uploaded to the data center, and special managers will distribute the problems and data to the corresponding module leaders. After analyzing the data, the R&D personnel locate the problems, and then arrange the repair plan of the problems into the agile iterative process according to the priority, so as to carry out iterative development of the software, quickly deploy the new output to the R&D vehicle, and then carry out closed-loop verification.

At present, automakers pay more and more attention to software self-research, especially in the field of automatic driving. Some automakers choose Baidu as a supplier of software and hardware for intelligent driving systems; At the same time, I hope to participate in the development of some intelligent driving functions.

We also have some successful experiences in the project. First, OEM will generate the document of our intelligent driving domain controller, and then build an algorithm model to generate SWC articles in AR file format. And the final C code will be generated, and the ECU document will be given to Baidu. After we import the AUTOSAR development configuration tool, we can generate the technical engineering of MCU AUTOSAR and develop the software of MCU. Then compile it into a black-box project and give it to the OEM. The OEM will add the black-box project to the code generated by them for integration and compilation. After the compilation is passed, it will do its own module test. After the test is passed, it will give their model code compilation process to Baidu in the form of a black box. Then we will do the final integration, compilation and MCU software output, complete the integration test of the entire MCU domain controller, and deliver the test to the automobile factory, and then do the vehicle-level test.

(The above content comes from Wu Changlong | Senior Engineer of Baidu Apollo Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. Wu Changlong’s keynote speech "Software Platformization and Agile Development of Intelligent Drive Controller Based on AUTOSAR" delivered at the 4th Software-Defined Automobile Forum and AUTOSAR China Day in March 14 -16, 2023. )

　　This May Day holiday, a doctor "rushed to the hot search". He is Dr. Zhao Yipin from Zhoukou Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Henan Province.

　　On May 3rd, in Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area, Luoyang, Henan Province, an old man suddenly fainted during the tour. Dr. Zhao not only stepped forward to rescue him, but also silently guarded him until he regained consciousness. Later, Dr. Zhao also received an unexpected "gift".

　　Doctors save people during their tour and get free tickets for life in the scenic spot.

　　At about 13: 30 on May 3, someone suddenly called for help in the crowd visiting Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area, saying that someone had fainted. Just as the crowd was a little flustered, a tourist quickly went forward to check on the old man.

　　It turned out that the tourist’s name was Zhao Yipin and he was a doctor. After preliminarily judging the vital signs, he quickly cleaned up the food residue in the mouth for the elderly, kept the respiratory tract unobstructed and in a suitable position, and stayed with the elderly until she regained consciousness. At present, the elderly are in good health.

　　After the incident, after learning of Dr. Zhao’s kindness, the scenic spot quickly found him, exempting him from all the expenses of sightseeing and accommodation in Baiyun Mountain, and enjoying free tickets for life.

　　Emergency treatment of female sudden pulmonary embolism by doctors

　　At 9 o’clock in the morning of April 30, at the physical examination center of Shangqiu Central Hospital, a woman suddenly felt unwell. Duan Jing, a doctor on the way to the consultation, was hurriedly called by the nurse.

　　Duan Jing, Doctor of Physical Examination Center of Shangqiu Central Hospital:She said she wasn’t feeling well and wanted to go to the bathroom. I said, let’s go together with you. When she walked to the glass door, she suddenly fainted. I didn’t feel the pulse at that time, so I thought I had to have CPR for the first time.

　　Duan Jing helped the woman do an emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation, but the woman’s teeth were clenched and she didn’t feel anything.

　　At this time, the emergency doctor on duty also came to the rescue. A few minutes later, with the help of many medical staff and enthusiastic citizens, the woman was pushed into the emergency room. After examination, it was learned that the woman was suffering from severe acute pulmonary embolism.

　　Wei Bing, Emergency Doctor of Shangqiu Central Hospital:The mortality rate of pulmonary embolism is 45%. She (patient) is now suffering from acute myocardial infarction, and the mortality rate is more than ten times. Especially her massive pulmonary embolism, if not treated in time, there will be no life in ten to twenty minutes.

　　Emergency doctor of Shangqiu Central Hospital Shi ZhenkaiThe chest compressions (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) done at the first time won valuable time for the patients.

　　At present, the woman’s vital signs have returned to normal and she is receiving further observation and treatment in the hospital.

　　The elderly station suddenly became ill, and the police drove to the hospital urgently.

　　At about 2 pm on May 3, the police station in Beidaihe Station, Hebei Province received a passenger’s request for help. A 70-year-old man suffered a heart attack and collapsed in the waiting room seat, hoping that the police would help him.

　　Police:Did you take your medicine? Do you have any medicine? Pills or something.

　　Family members of the elderly:I ate it.

　　Police:Just a moment, we are contacting (the hospital).

　　Old man:Thank you.

　　Police:Don’t worry, our car will pick you up and take you to the hospital.

　　Old man:Oh, thank you so much.

　　Police:Now you just talk less, don’t talk, don’t worry.

　　In order to gain medical treatment time, after obtaining the consent of the elderly and their families, the police used police cars to send the elderly to the hospital for treatment. Due to timely treatment, the elderly are now in good health.

　　Peng Zhiqiang, a policeman from Beidaihe Station Police Station:Passengers who have a special medical history or are physically unfit for long-distance travel are advised to travel with their relatives and friends when taking the train, and at the same time, take the commonly used essential medicines with them. In case of emergency, please contact the railway staff and the police for help in time.

　　As a new favorite of the family, computers have entered the homes of ordinary people. However, due to the lack of basic knowledge of home computers by ordinary users, some seemingly casual actions may directly lead to instant "paralysis" of computers and even damage human health.

　　Misunderstanding 1 Clean the screen with anhydrous alcohol

　　When the monitor is used for a long time, it is inevitable that there will be dust and stains. Many users think that alcohol, especially high purity (above 95%) is the best cleaner. On the contrary, there is a special protective coating on the screen of the current flat panel display to prevent static electricity and dazzle light. If alcohol is used for cleaning, it is easy to destroy the coating, but the display effect of the display is greatly reduced. In fact, the screen of the monitor, including its shell, cannot be cleaned with solvents such as alcohol, gasoline and washing powder. There is a special cleaner for monitors in the supermarket. Don’t use ordinary thick towels when cleaning the screen, you can wipe it with glasses cloth with better texture.

　　Myth 2: The chassis is exposed to heat.

　　When the computer is running, especially in summer, its heat dissipation is very large. Some computer enthusiasts directly open the chassis in order to strengthen heat dissipation and facilitate hardware disassembly. Although this method solves the problem of heat dissipation, the "gut opening" of the chassis exposes the hardware, which is easy to accumulate dust, and dust will become the "killer" of the computer over time. In addition, this practice is also harmful to human health. As we all know, CPU, motherboard and power lamp hardware are all high electromagnetic radiation sources, and the chassis can shield most electromagnetic radiation. If you let your body directly "receive" high electromagnetic radiation just to dissipate heat, it will not pay off.

　　Myth 3: Cover the dust cover after shutdown.

　　When a new computer enters the home, many people will protect it, especially paying attention to dust prevention measures. Dust cover is of course one of the necessary items, but it is not advisable to cover it immediately after shutdown. Although the mainframe has stopped running after shutdown, there is still a lot of heat in the chassis and the back cover of the monitor, and the temperature of various electronic components is very high, which needs to be cooled gradually. If you cover it with a dust cover immediately, it will easily hinder the heat dissipation of the hardware and even seriously affect its service life. It is best to turn off the machine for 1-2 hours and wait until the heat in the chassis is basically dissipated before using the dust cover.

　　Misunderstanding 4 Hot-swappable peripherals with electricity

　　When performing various hardware operations, some users often plug and unplug the mouse, keyboard and various serial and parallel port devices of PS/2 interface in standby mode. These operations seem normal, and actually have a certain "lethality" to the computer host, which may cause the system or hardware to work abnormally, and may even cause damage to the hardware interface or motherboard. In fact, except for USB, IEEE1394 interface and serial hard disk, all kinds of peripherals of ordinary desktops are not hot-swappable with electricity, so it is suggested that you must operate correctly when the power is turned off to avoid unnecessary losses.

December 6, 2019

The movie Rooftop Football started in Luxi.

After years of shooting and production

A film about the dream-chasing story of a football girl in a mountain village in Yunnan.

Rooftop Football was officially announced today.

Book April 20 th!

"Rooftop Football" finalized poster

Rooftop Football trailer

Rooftop Football is an inspirational film for rural girls to win dignity for their own destiny, which is the closing film of 7th Pingyao International Film Festival.

The film tells the story of a group of mountain girls in Yunnan who love football but have no chance. In order to realize their dreams, they form a non-professional team, finally overcome many difficulties, complete football training on the roof, and finally move towards a farther world. The film is set in the remote mountainous areas of Yunnan, with football as the carrier, showing the indomitable struggle spirit of mountain children to rewrite their destiny.

"Rooftop Football" finalized poster

Why is Luxi the location?

Luxi county, with excellent ecological environment and rich tourism resources, is a plateau garden city with four seasons of flowers, and was awarded the title of "Natural Oxygen Bar" in China. Relying on the unique geographical and cultural environment, luxi county has deeply tapped the potential of tourism development, vigorously promoted the innovative development, transformation and upgrading of tourism, improved quality and efficiency, promoted the construction of Luxi Kangyang tourism destination, and polished Luxi business cards from multiple channels, carriers and angles.

Luxi City Beauty Image Source: Honghe Zhourong Media Center Database

The main location of the film

chengzi ancient villege

Located in Yongning Township, luxi county.

it’s a

Simple and natural, beautiful and quiet, layered.

Ancient village

Chengzi Ancient Village Image Source: Colorful Yunnan

Chengzi Ancient Village was originally inhabited by Yi ancestors. After that, a large number of Han people moved in, and the residential buildings here formed an architectural style combining Yi and Han.

The houses in the ancient village follow the trend of the mountain and step up. The roofs of most houses are connected, forming a platform tens of meters or even hundreds of meters long. Many earth warehouses in the village are connected end to end and integrated with the hillside.

Road in the village Image Source: luxi county Rong Media Center

The ancient village is surrounded by mountains and waters, built on Feifeng Mountain. Surrounded by clear water in front of the mountain and paved with green fields, khaki buildings glow golden in the sun. Behind the Potou house, there are overlapping peaks and obstacles, lush grass, beautiful scenery and attractive scenery. Walking into Chengzi ancient village, a picture of harmony and coexistence between man and nature came into view, which was beautiful.

Chengzi Ancient Village Image Source: Colorful Yunnan

Chengzi Ancient Village is known as "Amber of Primitive Aestheticism Architecture", as well as "Hometown of Asian Folk Photography", "Yunnan Provincial Famous Historical and Cultural Village", "Yunnan Tourism Characteristic Village" and "Yunnan Fine Arts Photography Creation Base".

Original title: "There is a kind of life called Yunnan, Luxi! The movie "Rooftop Football" was finalized on April 20th.

Read the original text

　　Beijing, May 31st, the client of Zhongxin. com, starting from tomorrow, the time will enter June. At the same time as the hot summer, there are a number of favorable policies, such as high-temperature allowance and new rules for online car rental, which will bring real "coolness" to your summer in terms of income and travel.

　 　 Data map: An electric power operator in Fuzhou braved the high temperature to climb the pole to work. Photo by Wang Dongming

　　High temperature allowance began to be distributed.

　　Every summer, the distribution of high temperature allowance is concerned by the public. In most parts of China, with the arrival of June, the money will be credited to the workers’ accounts one after another.

　　According to the Management Measures for Heatstroke Prevention and Cooling Measures revised in 2012, if the employer arranges the workers to engage in outdoor open-air operations in hot weather above 35℃ and cannot take effective measures to reduce the workplace temperature below 33℃, it shall pay the workers a high-temperature allowance.

　　Judging from the distribution time of high temperature allowance, there are also differences in different places due to differences in climatic conditions. For example, the distribution period in Beijing, Shanxi and other regions is from June to August; Jiangsu, Shanghai, Gansu and other places are from June to September; Guangdong, Guangxi and other places are from June to October.

　　In addition, Jiangsu, Tianjin and other provinces also raised the high temperature allowance this year.

　 　 Data Map: On May 16, 2018, law enforcement officers of the Guangzhou Municipal Commission of Communications inspected the qualifications related to online car rental in guangzhou east railway station. China News Service reporter Chen Yushe

　　The network car is included in the taxi service assessment system.

　　The safety and convenience of taxi travel are also concerned by the public. The "Measures for the Assessment of Taxi Service Quality and Credit" will be implemented on June 1, and the online car will be included in the taxi service assessment system, but the assessment of the online car driver will only be "returned to the furnace".

　　Specifically, the "Measures" will include the new format of the network car in the assessment, and clarify that both the network car and the cruise car need to carry out the service quality reputation assessment. In the indicator setting, the common requirements of the network car and the cruise car are considered, and according to the unique operating service characteristics of the network car, the indicators such as data access and operating service information disclosure are tailored.

　　In addition, the "Measures" also adjusted the distribution setting of the assessment scores of taxi companies, increased the assessment scores of providing operational services for passengers and other matters, and guided drivers to actively improve service quality.

　　It is worth mentioning that the "Measures" stipulate that drivers should be assessed for compliance with laws and regulations, safe production, business behavior and operational services. If taxi drivers score less than 3 points during the assessment period, they should receive training as required.

　　English "national standard" will be implemented.

　　How to evaluate the English level of China people? On June 1st, the first English proficiency assessment standard for English learners in China, China English Proficiency Rating Scale, will be launched.

　　It is understood that the scale was released by the Ministry of Education and state language commission in April, which graded English learners and users in China in detail. Among them, the English language ability of English learners and users in China is divided into one to nine grades from low to high, which are classified into three stages: basic, improvement and proficiency.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education, the scale is like a competency scale, which will play an active role in improving the quality of examinations, promoting the docking of domestic and foreign examinations, promoting multi-evaluation and feedback teaching, and is conducive to achieving "quantity balance".

　 　 Data map: UAV China News Agency reporter Zhang Yushe

　　Drone access conditions are reduced.

　　In recent years, the unmanned aerial vehicle market in China has grown rapidly, and its application in agriculture, electric power, surveying and mapping, security and other fields has become increasingly mature. However, the relevant regulations on unmanned aerial vehicles engaged in commercial flight activities have always been a blank.

　　From June 1st, the Administrative Measures for Operational Flight Activities of Civil Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Provisional) issued by the Civil Aviation Administration will be implemented soon. The "Measures" standardize the access and supervision requirements for unmanned aerial vehicles to engage in operational general aviation flight activities, and enterprises engaged in operational flight activities will be legal and compliant from now on.

　 　 Data Map: Shareholders in the sales department of a securities company in Haikou pay attention to the stock market dynamics. Luo Yunfei

　　What impact will A-shares enter Morocco?

　　In June, there is another financial event worthy of attention.

　　On May 15th, MSCI (Morgan Stanley Capital International Company, also known as "morgan stanley capital international Company" in China) announced the adjustment results of semi-annual index constituent stocks, showing that 234 A-shares were confirmed to be included in the MSCI index system and officially implemented on June 1st.

　　According to the data, MSCI index is compiled by Morgan Stanley International Capital Corporation (MSCI), which is often used by mainstream international funds as investment guidance or tracking index, and their own ETF funds (transactional open index funds) are allocated according to MSCI index. From next year, overseas funds can also purchase A shares directly through MSCI index.

　　In the eyes of the industry, the participation rate of overseas institutional investors will continue to rise after A shares are included in the MSCI index. In the medium and long term, the A-share market will become more mature, the liquidity will increase, and the market trend will gradually be dominated by short-term market noise and driven by basic factors.

　　According to the website of the Ministry of Finance, with the approval of the State Council, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the Notice on Adjusting the Financial Subsidy Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the Notice). According to the Notice, except for fuel cell vehicles, the central and local subsidy standards and ceilings for all types of vehicles in 2019-2020 will be reduced by 20% on the basis of the current standards. The policy will be implemented from January 1, 2017.

　　The "Notice" pointed out that in terms of new energy buses, with the power battery as the core of subsidy and the production cost and technological progress level of the battery as the accounting basis, the entry threshold for subsidies such as energy consumption level, vehicle driving range, battery/vehicle weight ratio and battery performance level is set, and the vehicle subsidy standard is determined by comprehensively considering factors such as battery capacity, energy density level, charging rate and fuel saving rate. Further improve the subsidy standards for new energy trucks and special vehicles, and verify them according to the method of grading and regressing the battery power that provides driving power. At the same time, the upper limits of central and local subsidies are set respectively, in which the local financial subsidies (the sum of local financial subsidies at all levels) shall not exceed 50% of the central financial bicycle subsidies.

　　In terms of batteries, the Notice stated that the new national standard for power batteries was introduced to improve the safety, cycle life, charge and discharge performance and other indicators of power batteries, and set the energy density threshold of power batteries. Improve the technical requirements of fuel cell vehicles.

　　The following is the full text of the Notice:

　　All provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government, the finance department (bureau), the competent department of industry and information technology, the science and technology department (bureau, science and technology commission), and the development and Reform Commission:

　　In order to further promote the healthy development of the new energy automobile industry, continuously improve the industrial technology level, enhance the core competitiveness, and promote the application of new energy vehicles, with the approval of the State Council, the relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　I. Adjust and improve the subsidy policy for popularization and application.

　　(1) Raise the threshold of the recommended vehicle catalogue and adjust it dynamically. The first is to increase the energy consumption requirements of the whole vehicle. According to the different kerb quality of pure electric passenger cars, the power consumption requirements of 100 kilometers under corresponding working conditions are increased; According to the vehicle type, the pure electric special vehicle increases the requirements of energy consumption per unit load (Ekg) and power consumption per ton and 100 kilometers; Further improve the energy consumption per unit load (Ekg) requirements of pure electric buses. The second is to improve the threshold requirements for the driving range of the whole vehicle. Improve the driving range requirements of pure electric buses and fuel cell vehicles, and timely adjust the driving range test method of new energy buses from 40km/h constant speed method to working condition method; Gradually increase the driving range threshold of pure electric passenger cars. The third is to introduce a new national standard for power batteries, improve the safety, cycle life, charge and discharge performance and other index requirements of power batteries, and set the energy density threshold of power batteries. Improve the technical requirements of fuel cell vehicles. The fourth is to improve safety requirements. For vehicles with safety accidents caused by product quality, depending on the nature and severity of the accident, the subsidy funds will be deducted and the vehicle or enterprise subsidy qualification will be suspended. The fifth is to establish a market sampling mechanism, strengthen the management of vehicle inspection links, and timely clean up the Catalogue of Recommended Vehicles for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the Catalogue) for enterprises and products that fail to pass the sampling inspection. The sixth is to establish a dynamic management system for the Catalogue. Sales promotion of new energy automobile products can only apply for subsidies after they are included in the Catalogue. If there are still no models actually sold within one year, the qualification of Catalogue will be cancelled. Seventh, supervise and promote the application of new energy vehicles.When applying for subsidies for new energy vehicles purchased by non-individual users, the cumulative mileage must reach 30,000 kilometers (except for special vehicles for operation), and the subsidy standards and technical requirements shall be implemented according to the year when the vehicle obtains the driving license.

　　(2) Under the premise of maintaining the overall stability of the subsidy policy from 2016 to 2020, adjust the subsidy standards for new energy vehicles. For new energy buses, the power battery is the core of subsidy, and the production cost and technical progress level of the battery are taken as the accounting basis. The subsidy entry threshold such as energy consumption level, vehicle driving range, battery/vehicle weight ratio and battery performance level is set, and the vehicle subsidy standard is determined by comprehensively considering factors such as battery capacity, energy density level, charging rate and fuel saving rate. Further improve the subsidy standards for new energy trucks and special vehicles, and verify them according to the method of grading and regressing the battery power that provides driving power. At the same time, the upper limits of central and local subsidies are set respectively, in which the local financial subsidies (the sum of local financial subsidies at all levels) shall not exceed 50% of the central financial bicycle subsidies (the detailed plan is attached). In addition to fuel cell vehicles, the central and local subsidy standards and ceilings for all types of vehicles in 2019-2020 will be reduced by 20% on the basis of the current standards. At the same time, relevant ministries and commissions will constantly adjust and improve according to factors such as technological progress, industrial development, and scale of popularization and application of new energy vehicles.

　　(3) Improve the allocation of subsidy funds. At the beginning of each year, the production enterprise submits the capital settlement report of the previous year and the sales and operation of products, including sales invoices, technical parameters of products and vehicle registration information, etc. The lead department of new energy vehicle promotion in the place where the enterprise is registered shall, in conjunction with relevant departments, review and verify the materials reported by the enterprise and report them to the lead department of provincial promotion work step by step after publicity. The provincial lead department for the promotion of new energy vehicles shall, jointly with relevant departments, review and focus on spot checks, report the application materials to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Finance, and send a copy to the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Development and Reform Commission. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology shall, jointly with relevant departments, review the application reports of all localities, and issue verification reports to the Ministry of Finance in combination with daily verification and key spot checks. The Ministry of Finance shall allocate subsidy funds according to the verification report.

　　Second, implement the main responsibility of popularization and application

　　(A) production enterprises are responsible for ensuring the authenticity and accuracy of the promotion information of new energy vehicles. Production enterprises should strictly abide by the relevant laws, regulations, standards and institutional measures of the state and industry; We should strengthen the management and control of our own production and sales links, and be responsible for the authenticity and reliability of the promotion information of new energy vehicles reported together with the sales enterprises; We should formulate a feasible control scheme, use product information management system, etc., and strengthen the management of sales information of its distributors at all levels. Sales enterprises should strictly check every sales information to ensure that the product promotion information and consumer information reported step by step are true, accurate and searchable. Production enterprises should establish an enterprise monitoring platform to reflect the sales and operation of vehicles comprehensively, truly and in real time, and report relevant information in a timely and accurate manner in accordance with relevant national requirements, by unifying interfaces and data exchange protocols. New vehicles must be equipped with remote monitoring equipment such as vehicle-mounted terminals; Vehicles have been shipped or sold before 2016, providing users with free installation services; For vehicles sold to individual consumers, personal privacy should be strictly protected in information collection and management.

　　(two) the local government is responsible for the implementation of supporting policies, organization and promotion. Local governments should conscientiously implement the requirements of relevant documents of the State Council, assume the main responsibility for the promotion and application of new energy vehicles, clarify the local lead department for the promotion of new energy vehicles, and earnestly do a good job in organizing and implementing the promotion of new energy vehicles. First, adjust and improve local support policies. Local governments at all levels should, in light of local conditions, scientifically formulate promotion plans for new energy vehicles, increase support for the charging infrastructure of new energy vehicles, intensify the renewal and replacement of new energy vehicles in public services such as urban public transport, rental and sanitation, and strengthen supervision and inspection of enterprises. The second is to strengthen the management of fund use. The local lead department for the promotion of new energy vehicles shall, jointly with the relevant departments, earnestly undertake the supervision of the management of the declaration and use of financial funds, and strictly review and check the aspects of vehicle licensing, vehicle operation, subsidy declaration and data review according to their respective responsibilities; The management of vehicle inspection should be strengthened to ensure that the core components such as vehicle and battery are consistent with the Announcement of Road Motor Vehicle Manufacturers and Products (hereinafter referred to as the Announcement) when the vehicle is delivered for use; A system of accountability should be established, and those responsible for lax control should be investigated according to law, and penalties for dishonest enterprises such as fraudulent compensation should be increased. Local financial departments should strengthen the management of financial funds and allocate subsidy funds according to the actual promotion of enterprises to ensure the safety and effectiveness of subsidy funds. The third is to establish and improve the local supervision platform. Relevant provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should establish a local supervision platform for new energy vehicles, timely summarize and sort out the data submitted by enterprises, dock with the national supervision platform, and strengthen the supervision and management of vehicles in the region.The fourth is to optimize the industrial development environment. It is not allowed to implement the restriction and purchase restriction policy for new energy vehicles. The national unified Catalogue shall be strictly implemented, and obstacles shall not be set up or disguised to restrict foreign brand vehicles and parts, foreign charging facilities construction and operating enterprises from entering the local market.

　　(three) the relevant departments of the state will strengthen the supervision and inspection of popularization and application. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology takes the lead in establishing a national supervision platform for new energy vehicles, and through this platform, it conducts daily supervision on the promotion and application of new energy vehicles (private purchase of passenger cars may be relaxed as appropriate). In addition, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will establish a verification system for the promotion of new energy vehicles with relevant departments, and regularly and irregularly organize third-party institutions or relevant provincial departments to carry out verification and spot checks on the promotion information of new energy vehicles.

　　Third, establish a punishment mechanism

　　(1) For enterprises that seek compensation in violation of regulations and cheat compensation by means of false report or impersonator, the relevant funds sought and defrauded in violation of regulations shall be recovered, the illegal income shall be confiscated, and the relevant enterprises and personnel shall be fined and punished according to the Regulations on Penalties and Punishment for Financial Violations, and those suspected of committing crimes shall be investigated and dealt with by judicial organs. At the same time, according to the seriousness of the circumstances, take punishment measures such as suspending or canceling the "Announcement" of vehicle production enterprises and products and canceling the eligibility for subsidy funds. For those who do not cooperate with the verification of promotion information, and the relevant departments verify and spot check that false sales, product configuration and technical status are inconsistent with the Announcement and Catalogue, uploaded data are inconsistent with the actual situation, and vehicles are idle after receiving subsidies, depending on the seriousness of the case, they will take punishment measures such as deducting subsidy funds, canceling the qualification for applying for subsidy funds, suspending or canceling the Announcement of vehicle manufacturers or products. For products with potential safety hazards and safety accidents in application, depending on the nature and severity of the accident, punishment measures such as stopping production, ordering immediate correction and suspending the eligibility for subsidy funds shall be taken.

　　(II) Government agencies and their staff who assist enterprises to defraud financial subsidy funds by means of false report or impersonator shall be investigated for corresponding responsibilities in accordance with the Civil Service Law, the Administrative Supervision Law and other laws and regulations; Those suspected of committing a crime shall be transferred to judicial organs for handling.

　　(III) In areas where the management system is not perfect, the audit is not strict, the verification work is poorly organized, and there are fraudulent behaviors of enterprises, informed criticism will be given and infrastructure award funds will be deducted according to the seriousness of the situation.

　　This notice will be implemented as of January 1, 2017, and other relevant regulations will continue to be implemented in accordance with the Notice on Financial Support Policies for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles in 2016-2020 (Cai Jian [2015] No.134).

　　Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission and other three ministries and commissions issued a series of policies to encourage consumption to promote the upgrading of key consumer goods such as automobiles, household appliances and consumer electronics. Among them, the cost of new energy vehicles is greatly reduced, and it is strictly forbidden to introduce new car purchase restrictions in various places. All localities are not allowed to restrict or purchase new energy vehicles, and so on. What is the background of the "prohibition order"? How much automobile consumption potential is expected to be released? How should all localities do a good job in implementation? Our reporter interviewed relevant experts — —

　　A few days ago, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Ministry of Commerce issued the Implementation Plan for Promoting the Updating and Upgrading of Key Consumer Goods and Smooth Resource Recycling (2019— 2020) (hereinafter referred to as the "implementation plan"), put forward a series of measures to promote automobile consumption, which aroused social concern.

　　Consumption potential needs to be released

　　The "Implementation Plan" proposes that, on the one hand, all localities should not impose restrictions or purchase restrictions on new energy vehicles, and those that have been implemented should be cancelled. Encourage local governments to give support to car-free families to purchase the first home new energy vehicle. On the other hand, it is strictly forbidden to introduce new automobile purchase restriction regulations in various places. Local governments that have implemented automobile purchase restriction should speed up the shift from restricting purchase to guiding use according to the effect of urban traffic congestion, pollution control and traffic demand control.

　　"This policy is highly targeted, which is not only a major positive for new energy automobile enterprises, but also means that there will be no new cities with restricted purchases in the future, which is conducive to breaking the barriers to passenger car consumption." Cui Dongshu, secretary general of the National Passenger Car Market Information Association, said.

　　At present, how big is the automobile consumption potential of cities with restricted purchases? Li Xianjun, director of the Tsinghua University Automobile Development Research Center, said that as of the end of March 2019, the number of effective applications for waiting for lottery cars in Hangzhou had reached 819,000, including 802,000 individuals; As of April 26, 2019, the number of valid applications for waiting for lottery cars in Shenzhen has reached 1.227 million, including 1.209 million individuals, which is equivalent to the annual sales of passenger cars in Russia; As of April 8, 2019, there were 3.689 million car purchases in Beijing, including 3.209 million individuals, which is more than the demand of European countries in one year.

　　"The above three cities have a total of 5.735 million lottery numbers. If this part of the car purchase potential can be released, it will account for 20.4% of domestic car sales last year and 24.8% of passenger cars." Li Xianjun said, "Even if an average family of three people participate in the lottery at the same time, the potential purchasing power will reach 1.91 million, which is expected to contribute 6.8% to the increase in automobile consumption."

　　The "Implementation Plan" also emphasizes that localities should reasonably set up congestion areas in combination with road congestion and guide their use. "Intelligent management of vehicle traffic should be realized, and the number of times vehicles enter congested areas should be restricted to prevent excessive use of motor vehicles." Li Xianjun said.

　　Aim at pain points and promote consumption

　　"In addition to canceling the restrictions and purchases of new energy vehicles, the" Implementation Plan "also proposes to vigorously promote the electrification, intelligence and greening of the automobile industry, and strive to enhance the supply guarantee capability of new products." Wu Songquan, chief expert of China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd. and deputy chief engineer of Information Institute, believes that the Implementation Plan focuses on many bottlenecks and difficult problems in the consumption of new energy vehicles and clearly puts forward targeted measures.

　　In view of the cost of new energy vehicles, the "Implementation Plan" proposes that the cost of new energy vehicles should be greatly reduced. Specific measures include accelerating the research and development and industrialization of a new generation of vehicle power batteries, improving the energy density and safety of batteries, gradually realizing battery platformization and standardization, and reducing battery costs. Guide enterprises to innovate business models, promote the separation of consumption modes of new energy vehicles, such as battery leasing, and reduce the cost of car purchase. Optimize product access management, avoid repeated certification, and reduce enterprise operating costs.

　　"The key to reducing costs lies in batteries, which is also an important factor restricting the development of new energy vehicles at present." Cui Dongshu said that it was planned that the battery density of new energy vehicles would reach 260 WHr/kg in 2020, but it is still difficult now, so it is necessary to increase research and development.

　　In view of the "anxiety" in the use of new energy vehicles, the "Implementation Plan" proposes to speed up the development of new energy vehicles with convenient use. Specific measures include focusing on pain points such as short driving range and long charging time, drawing lessons from the power exchange mode and application experience in the public service field, and encouraging enterprises to develop new energy vehicle products with the combination of charging and replacing, flexible battery configuration and long driving range. Promote the development and application of high-power fast charging, wireless charging, mobile charging and replacing electricity and other technical equipment, and improve the convenience of charging and replacing new energy vehicles.

　　Cui Dongshu believes that the development of new energy vehicles is characterized by the rapid increase in driving range and the obvious large-scale vehicles. At present, the development of micro-electric vehicles is slow and there is a big demand gap. Therefore, the "Implementation Plan" emphasizes that the development of new energy vehicle products that take into account the length of driving range is not only in the right direction, but also forward-looking.

　　The "Implementation Plan" also proposes to speed up the update of vehicles in urban public areas. Promote the upgrading of vehicles in urban public areas, accelerate the use of new energy or clean energy vehicles for new and updated buses, sanitation, postal services, taxis, commuting and light logistics distribution vehicles in urban built-up areas, and reach 80% in key areas for air pollution prevention and control by the end of 2020. Encourage local governments to increase support for the operation of new energy vehicles and reduce the use cost of new energy vehicles.

　　"In key regional cities for air pollution prevention and control, new energy or clean energy vehicles will account for 80% of vehicles used in the public sector. This is a rigid indicator and will have a huge pulling effect on the new energy automobile industry." Cui Dongshu said.

　　"The" Implementation Plan "puts forward a series of measures to promote the consumption of new energy vehicles, focusing on the bottlenecks and pain points of current automobile consumption, especially new energy vehicle consumption, which is of great significance for promoting the upgrading of key consumer goods such as automobiles." Wang Qing, deputy director and researcher of the Institute of Market Economy of the State Council Development Research Center, said that the introduction of the "prohibition order" meets the needs of consumers and the market, which is conducive to the overall consideration of the combination of long and short, and promotes the upgrading of consumption.

　　Guangzhou and Shenzhen took the lead in responding.

　　The "Implementation Plan" also proposes to innovate and develop smart cars; Accelerate the elimination of old cars and the renewal of vehicles in urban public areas, and actively promote the upgrading of rural vehicle consumption; Vigorously promote the circulation and consumption of used cars, actively guide the innovation of auto financial products, and gradually improve the infrastructure such as charging and replacing electricity and parking.

　　Cui Dongshu said that this policy has a good guiding role in the development and market of new energy automobile industry, and it is good for local governments, enterprises and consumers. The key lies in how local governments introduce specific measures to further refine and implement them.

　　In January this year, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Transport and other ten ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for Further Optimizing Supply, Promoting Steady Growth of Consumption and Promoting the Formation of a Strong Domestic Market (2019)", focusing on six measures to promote automobile consumption. Among them, the requirements for the gradual liberalization of the automobile purchase restriction policy are included.

　　Up to now, Guangzhou and Shenzhen have taken action. On June 2, Shenzhen Municipal Bureau of Transportation and Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Transportation respectively issued the Notice on Increasing the Allocation Quota of Incremental Indicators for Small and Medium-sized Passenger Cars. Starting from June this year, Shenzhen will increase the allocation quota of incremental indicators for ordinary cars by 40,000 per year from 2019 to 2020 on the basis of the original regulation target of 80,000 per year. On the basis of the original quota, Guangzhou will increase the number of small and medium-sized passenger cars by 100,000 from June this year to December 2020.

　　"The market is one of the core elements of industrial competition." Li Xianjun pointed out that automobile is one of the industries with the largest impact coefficient on the national economy, the strongest employment, the most remarkable development of related industries and the strongest ability to integrate new technologies. At present, the number of cars with 1,000 people in China is more than 170, which is not only far lower than that of developed countries, but also lower than the world average. This means that there is still much room for growth in China’s automobile consumption. Especially with the rapid development of new technologies and the emergence of new products, China’s automobile industry contains great innovation vitality and potential. Therefore, we should constantly optimize the consumption environment, smooth the recycling of resources, continuously release the potential of domestic demand, further promote the upgrading of automobile consumption and promote the formation of a strong domestic market.

　　Chang ‘e V completed China’s first sampling and returning trip of extraterrestrial objects.
　　At 4: 30 on November 24th, China successfully launched the Lunar Exploration Project Chang ‘e-5, and landed in the pre-selected landing zone on December 1st. After the sampling of lunar soil was completed, the Chang ‘e-5 ascender took off from the lunar surface on December 3, and the Chang ‘e-5 returner successfully landed in the scheduled area of Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia at 1: 59 on December 17, marking the successful completion of the first sampling and returning mission of extraterrestrial objects in China. Subsequently, the Chang ‘e-5 sample weighing 1,731 grams was handed over to China Academy of Sciences, where it will be stored, processed and analyzed in the "Lunar Sample Laboratory" located at the National Astronomical Observatory, officially opening the application and research of lunar samples and scientific data. As the aerospace system engineering with the highest complexity and the largest technical span in China, the Chang ‘e V mission is of milestone significance for China to improve the level of aerospace technology, improve the lunar exploration engineering system, carry out scientific research on the moon, and organize subsequent lunar and interstellar exploration missions.
　　Panorama camera ring beat imaging after Chang ‘e V landing.
　　The last global networking satellite of Beidou-3 was successfully launched.
　　At 9: 43 on June 23rd, China successfully launched the 55th navigation satellite of Beidou system and the last global networking satellite of Beidou-3 in xichang satellite launch center by using the long march 3b. The Beidou navigation satellite and supporting launch vehicle launched this time were respectively developed by China Academy of Space Technology and China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology under China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, and many scientific research institutes such as Microsatellite Innovation Institute of China Academy of Sciences participated in the development and construction. This is the 336th flight of the Long March series of launch vehicles. With the strong support of measurement and control, ground transportation control, inter-satellite link transportation management, application verification and other systems, all the satellites in orbit launched before have been connected to the network. At this point, the deployment of Beidou-3 global satellite navigation system constellation was fully completed six months ahead of schedule.
　　The last global networking satellite of Beidou-3 was launched.
　　China’s unmanned submersible and manned submersible have made new breakthroughs.
　　On June 8th, Haidou-1, an all-sea-deep autonomous remote-controlled submersible developed by Shenyang Institute of Automation, China Academy of Sciences, returned from the sea trial aboard Exploration-1. During this voyage, "Haidou No.1" realized autonomous navigation and bottom-sitting operation near the seabed in Mariana Trench, with a maximum dive depth of 10,907 meters, which filled the gap of China’s 10,000-meter-class unmanned submersible. On November 28th, the all-sea deep manned submersible Struggler, led by the 702nd Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Group Co., Ltd. and jointly developed by the Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering of China Academy of Sciences, returned with the scientific research ship Exploration 1. The "Struggler" successfully landed in the Mariana Trench, creating a new record of 10,909 meters of manned deep diving in China, marking that China has reached the world leading level in the field of deep manned deep diving.
　　Haidou No.1 (I) and Struggler (II)
　　China takes the lead in drilling and producing deep-sea combustible ice with horizontal wells.
　　Natural gas hydrate is usually called combustible ice. On March 26th, the Ministry of Natural Resources held a video conference to reveal that the trial mining in the Shenhu sea area of the South China Sea with a water depth of 1,225m created two new world records of "total gas production of 861,400 cubic meters and average daily gas production of 28,700 cubic meters". During this trial mining, the researchers also independently developed a set of key technical equipment system to realize the industrialization of natural gas hydrate exploration and mining, created a unique environmental protection and monitoring system, and independently innovated to form an environmental risk prevention and control technical system. This trial production has overcome the core technology of drilling and producing horizontal wells in deep-sea shallow soft strata, achieved a major leap from exploratory trial production to experimental trial production, and achieved landmark results in the process of industrialization. China has also become the first country in the world to adopt horizontal well drilling and production technology to test and produce natural gas hydrate in the sea area.
　　Trial mining torch
　　Scientists find the bane of wheat "cancer"
　　Wheat scab is a devastating and difficult fungal disease in the world, and it is called "cancer" of wheat. Kong Lingrang, a professor at the Agricultural College of Shandong Agricultural University and the chief expert of the wheat innovation team of the modern agricultural industrial technology system in Shandong Province, and his team cloned Fhb7, a major gene for scab resistance, from the wheat-related plant Elytrigia elongata for the first time, and successfully transferred it into wheat varieties. It was confirmed for the first time that it not only had stable scab resistance, but also had broad-spectrum detoxification function in wheat disease-resistant breeding. Related research results were published online in Science on April 10th. At present, more than 30 units have used scab-resistant germplasm materials for genetic improvement of wheat scab resistance, and extensive experiments have been carried out in Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places, with good results. The above results have found a "golden key" to unlock the worldwide problem of scab.
　　Wheat infected by scab
　　Scientists reach the milestone of "the superiority of quantum computing"
　　Academician Pan Jianwei and Professor Lu Chaoyang of China University of Science and Technology cooperated with researchers from Shanghai Institute of Microsystems and Information Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Research Center for Parallel Computer Engineering Technology to build a 76-photon quantum computing prototype "Nine Chapters", which realized the rapid solution of the task of "Gaussian Bose Sampling" with practical prospects, making China successfully reach the first milestone of quantum computing research-the superiority of quantum computing, and laying a technical foundation for developing a large-scale quantum simulator that can solve problems with great practical value. Related results were published online in Science on December 4th.
　　Optical quantum interference object diagram
　　Scientists reproduce the history of biodiversity change on Earth for more than 300 million years.
　　The origin and evolution of life is one of the top ten scientific mysteries in the world. More than 99% of the creatures that once lived on the earth have become extinct. It is an important way to understand the present situation and development trend of the earth’s biodiversity by reconstructing the changing history of the earth’s biodiversity through fossil records. Professor Fan Juanxuan and Academician Shen Shuzhong of Nanjing University built their own large databases, independently developed artificial intelligence algorithms, and made a breakthrough by using the "Tianhe II" supercomputer, and obtained the world’s first high-precision Paleozoic marine biodiversity change curve of more than 300 million years, with a resolution 400 times higher than that of similar international studies. The new curve accurately depicts many major biological extinction and radiation events in geological history and their relationship with environmental changes. The results were published in Science in the form of a long research article on January 17th.
　　Conop, a supercomputing system developed by the team
　　China’s highest parameter "artificial sun" was built.
　　China’s new generation controlled nuclear fusion research facility "China Circulator No.2 M" (HL-2m) was completed and discharged on December 4th, marking China’s entry into the forefront of global controlled nuclear fusion research. The project was independently designed and built by Southwest Institute of Physics of Nuclear Industry of China National Nuclear Corporation. It is reported that this device is the largest advanced tokamak device with the highest parameters in China at present, and it is a new generation of advanced magnetic confinement nuclear fusion experimental research device in China. With more advanced structure and control mode, the plasma volume is more than twice that of the existing devices in China, the current capacity is increased to more than 2.5 MPa, and the ion temperature can reach 150 million degrees Celsius. It can realize high density, high specific pressure and high bootstrap current operation, which is an important support for realizing the leap-forward development of nuclear fusion energy development in China.
　　"China Circulator No.2 M" Device
　　Scientists have solved unsolved geometric problems for more than 20 years.
　　China University of Science and Technology professors Chen Xiuxiong and Wang Bing published a paper on the convergence of high-dimensional Keller-Ritchie flow, which took the lead in overcoming Hamilton-Tian conjecture and partial zero-order estimation conjecture-these are the core conjectures that have been unresolved in the field of geometric analysis for more than 20 years. Related results were published in the Journal of Differential Geometry in early November. It is understood that the length of the paper exceeds 120 pages, and it takes six years from submission to official publication. This paper introduces many new ideas and methods, which have a far-reaching impact on geometric analysis, especially on the study of Ritchie flow. It is reported that this paper is a significant progress in the field of geometric analysis, or it will promote many related works.
　　Comparison between geodesic and function level set
　　The Chinese and American teams won the 2020 Gordon Bell Award.
　　On November 19th, the application achievements completed by Jia Weile of Institute of Computing Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, E Weinan of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhang Linfeng of Beijing Big Data Research Institute and their collaborators won the Gordon Bell Award, the highest international award in the field of high-performance computing applications. In this work, the combination of intelligent supercomputing and physical model is adopted for the first time in the world, which leads the scientific computing to move forward from the traditional computing mode to intelligent supercomputing. Through high-performance calculation and machine learning, this achievement has raised the limit of molecular dynamics by several orders of magnitude, reached the system scale of hundreds of millions of atoms, and ensured the high accuracy of "ab initio calculation", and the simulation time scale is 1000 times higher than that of traditional methods, which is expected to play a greater role in solving practical problems in the fields of mechanics, chemistry, materials, biology and even engineering.
　　Machine learning simulates 100 million atoms.
　　Other news candidates (in chronological order)
　　Scientists discover ferromagnetic quantum critical point evidence for the first time
　　The team of Yuan Huiqiu, a professor at Zhejiang University, discovered the ferromagnetic quantum critical point in pure heavy fermion compounds for the first time, and observed the strange metal behavior. The related results were published online in Nature on March 5. This is the first time that scientists have found conclusive experimental evidence of the existence of quantum critical point in a pure ferromagnetic material system, and observed strange metal behavior similar to that of high-temperature superconductors: when the temperature approaches absolute zero, the low-temperature resistance changes linearly with temperature, and the specific heat coefficient diverges logarithmically with temperature. This discovery breaks the traditional idea that ferromagnetic quantum critical point does not exist, and extends the strange metal behavior to ferromagnetic quantum critical materials, which opens up a new direction for the study of quantum phase transition.
　　Scientists discover accurate diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia for the first time
　　Biological marker
　　Jiang Tianzai and Liu Bing team of Brain Network Group Research Center of Institute of Automation, China Academy of Sciences, together with researchers from many teams at home and abroad, broke through the bottleneck that the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness only depends on the empirical judgment of symptoms, and successfully established an accurate diagnosis and treatment model of schizophrenia by using multi-group information and artificial intelligence methods. For the first time, the research team found that the abnormal function of the striatum circuit in the brain is a biological marker for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia. Using this biological marker, not only can we quantitatively evaluate the pathological damage of striatum in individual patients, but also can accurately diagnose schizophrenia and predict the individualized curative effect. The imaging marker has been independently verified in patients with mental illness in multiple imaging centers and various populations. The research results were published in Nature-Medicine on March 23rd.
　　Research reveals the precise mechanism of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs
　　Academician Rao Zihe from Institute of Immunochemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology and his collaborators successfully analyzed the three-dimensional structure of drug target-drug of key arabinosyltransferase complexes EmbA-EmbB and EmbC-EmbC of mycobacteria for the first time in the world, and revealed the precise molecular mechanism of the first-line anti-tuberculosis drug ethambutol acting on this target for the first time, which laid an important foundation for solving the drug resistance problem of tuberculosis and developing new anti-tuberculosis drugs. On April 24th, the research paper was published online in Science. At present, the research team is making every effort to promote the research and development of new anti-tuberculosis drugs and accelerate the transformation of basic research results.
　　Scientists reveal the genetic relationship between prehistoric people in North and South China.
　　On May 15th, Science published a research paper online led by Fu Qiaomei, a researcher at the Institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and participated by many units. The research team successfully captured and sequenced the genomes of several ancient human individuals. Relying on advanced ancient DNA technology, it revealed the genetic relationship between the southern mainland population and the northern mainland population, and confirmed the southern origin of austronesian family population in China, filling the important information gaps in the inheritance, evolution and adaptation of prehistoric humans in the East, especially in China. This achievement is of great scientific value and social significance for exploring the migration history, genetic pattern and internal integration process of prehistoric people in China, and for clarifying the ancestral origin of austronesian family people who mainly live in Taiwan Province, China and Pacific islands.
　　China’s first independent intellectual property rights heavy ion therapy system was officially put into clinical treatment.
　　On June 6th, "China’s first heavy ion therapy system with independent intellectual property rights was officially put into clinical treatment technology press conference in Wuwei" was held in Xi ‘an. Wuwei Heavy Ion Center assembled the first heavy ion therapy system with independent intellectual property rights in China. After years of construction, it was officially opened on April 1, 2020. Heavy ion therapy has the characteristics of small side effects, short course of treatment and good curative effect, and has a good curative effect on most solid tumors. It is an accurate, efficient and safe advanced radiotherapy method. According to reports, the successful construction of the project has realized the localization of the world’s largest medical equipment, making China the fourth country in the world to realize heavy ion therapy for tumors after Japan, Germany and the United States, breaking the monopoly of foreign heavy ion technology for many years and realizing a historic breakthrough in the clinical application of the largest medical equipment in China.
　　The high-speed maglev test prototype with a speed of 600 kilometers per hour was successfully tested.
　　The 600 km/h high-speed maglev test prototype developed by CRRC Qingdao Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd. successfully ran on the maglev test line on June 21, marking an important breakthrough in the research and development of high-speed maglev transportation system in China. On the maglev test line, the test sample vehicle was jointly debugged for the first time, and the dynamic operation test under various working conditions was carried out. The running state was good, and all key technical indexes met the design requirements and reached the design expectation. The successful trial run of the test prototype has achieved a breakthrough from static to dynamic operation, and obtained a large number of key data. The key performance of the high-speed maglev system and core components has been preliminarily verified, which provides important technical support for the subsequent development of the high-speed maglev project prototype. According to the plan, the prototype of the high-speed maglev project with a speed of 600 kilometers per hour will be off the assembly line by the end of 2020, forming a complete set of high-speed maglev technology and engineering capabilities.
　　Scientists reveal molecular panorama of lung adenocarcinoma
　　On July 9th, Cell published a sketch of protein group of large-scale clinical lung adenocarcinoma drawn by Tan Minjia, a researcher from Shanghai Institute of Pharmacology, China Academy of Sciences, and seven research teams, including Academy of Military Medicine of Academy of Military Sciences and Academician He Fuchu of National protein Science Center (Beijing). This is the first large-scale, systematic construction of protein panorama of lung adenocarcinoma, and found molecular features closely related to the prognosis of patients, especially the protein molecular features of two major gene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma in China population. After 6 years’ research, the cancer and adjacent tissues of 103 patients with clinical lung adenocarcinoma were deeply analyzed by protein Group by using the cross-fusion research of protein omics, bioinformatics, tumor biology, pathology and clinical medicine. This work has scientific research significance for deeply understanding the pathological mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma, finding drug treatment targets and formulating more accurate treatment plans for lung adenocarcinoma.
　　Eight "magnifying glasses" relay to simulate the full-scale dark halo clear image of the universe.
　　An international research team led by the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences adopted a brand-new multiple amplification simulation technology, and obtained a clear image of the internal structure of the full-scale dark halo in the universe for the first time under the current standard cosmological model. The research results were published online in Nature on September 2nd. Dark halo is dark matter halo. It took the researchers five years, with the help of supercomputers, to obtain clear images of dark halos from earth-like mass to giant galaxy clusters, spanning 20 orders of magnitude. It is reported that in a typical area of the universe, this super-magnification simulation needs to be magnified by eight "magnifying glasses", and its magnification is equivalent to finding a flea on a picture of the surface of the moon. The super magnifying glass of computer simulation allows researchers to study the formation, evolution and internal structure of dark halos at different scales in detail. It is found that dark halos with different masses have very similar internal structures, that is, the center is dense and gradually sparse outward. These new findings will help scientists verify the hypothesis about the nature of dark matter-dark matter may not be "completely dark".
　　China’s first superconducting cyclotron was successfully developed.
　　On September 21st, the proton beam energy of superconducting cyclotron independently developed by China Institute of Atomic Energy reached 231MeV for the first time. This is the second time in the world to independently develop a compact superconducting cyclotron after the joint project of the United States and Germany. Researchers have successfully accelerated the continuous proton beam to this energy region, which indicates that China has fully mastered the core technology of miniaturization and high dose rate superconducting cyclotron and entered the international parallel ranks. The accelerator is small in size, low in power consumption and high in beam intensity, and can continuously accelerate 72 million proton beams per second. It is more suitable for fast intensity-modulated scanning therapy, breaking the monopoly of Europe and America in the field of miniaturized precision radiotherapy equipment, realizing the localization of superconducting cyclotron equipment in China, and is expected to greatly reduce the high treatment cost. The accelerator can also be directly used in the research and development of aerospace devices, core chips and integrated circuits, and promote the development of lightweight accelerators for aerospace particle beam applications, further opening up new fields of proton science research and application in China.
　　The third generation methanol to olefins technology passed the appraisal.
　　On November 9th, the third generation methanol to olefins (DMTO-III) technology passed the scientific and technological achievements appraisal organized by China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation. This technology is developed by Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and has completely independent intellectual property rights. Compared with the current industrialized technology, the economy of DMTO-III technology has been significantly improved. Under the condition that the reactor size is basically unchanged, the olefin output has increased from 600,000 tons to 1.15 million tons per year. DMTO series technology has opened up a new route to produce low-carbon olefins from non-petroleum resources, initiated and led a strategic emerging industry of coal-to-olefin production, which is of great significance for realizing clean and efficient utilization of coal resources, alleviating the tight supply of petroleum resources, promoting the coordinated development of coal chemical industry and petrochemical industry, and ensuring China’s energy security.
　　(Originally published in the second edition of China Science Journal, 2021-01-21)

12.9

World Football Day

These world cup cold knowledge

Do you know all about it?

Although the cold winter is coming, the football enthusiasm has not diminished. Tonight we will have a wonderful match between Croatia and Brazil, and today is the World Football Day recognized by the United Nations. Come and learn about the cold knowledge about the World Cup with Xiaobian and feel the charm of football!

Why is this year’s World Cup in winter?

In the past memory, the World Cup is always associated with summer, full of sweat, passion, beer and cheers. This time, however, FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 was held in winter, which was mainly due to the Qatari climate.

Qatar is located in the desert area of the Middle East, with a tropical desert climate. In summer, the temperature is generally 25-46 degrees Celsius, and the highest temperature can soar above 50 degrees Celsius. This is really too hot for a player who wants to run for 90 minutes, and there is even the danger of heatstroke.

Of course, even in winter, the highest temperature in Qatar at the end of November can exceed 30℃, but the stadiums in Qatar are basically equipped with cooling systems to ensure that football players can play at a suitable temperature.

Why do players spit water?

This scene often occurs in football matches. Players take a sip of water and then spit it out immediately like gargling. Many friends will misunderstand when watching the ball. "Why do they spit everywhere?"

In fact, this is a way for players to drink water. The professional name is "carbohydrate gargle", which can effectively improve sports performance and relieve sports fatigue. It is a "scientific plug-in" for athletes on the field. They need to cheat their brains in this way without affecting their state, in order to quickly restore their physical functions and continue to play.

Why is there no British team in the World Cup?

There is no British team in the World Cup because there is no only football association in Britain.

In 1863, Britain, as the birthplace of modern football, established the world’s first football association: the English Football Association. In 1886, the football associations of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland jointly established the World Football Council and made unified rules. Later, FIFA generally joined football associations everywhere, so four football teams in Britain were invited to participate in the World Cup, namely, England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

What is offside?

FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 is in full swing, attracting countless fans to watch. In the first half of Argentina’s game against Saudi Arabia, it was blown offside six times, which made people confused. Many new fans will ask a question, what is offside?

Offside refers to the moment when the attacker passes the ball, the receiver stands closer to the goal than the penultimate defender, and at the same time closer to the opponent’s goal than the ball, and tries to prepare for the attack from this position. In other words, offside is an act that has a clear purpose, produces intentions quickly and puts them into practice. On the court, it is often seen that players are sentenced to offside because they start too fast and fall into the offside trap of their opponents.

The offside rule was formulated by the British Football Association in 1870. In the football match at that time, the audience often saw such a scene: when one side launched an attack, most of the attacking players had gathered in front of the other side, ready to start shooting when they received the ball, so the game between the two teams was mainly concentrated in front of the goal, and there was little wonderful cooperation. The offside rule is precisely to adjust this excessively unbalanced offensive and defensive relationship and make the game more exciting.

Source: Yellow River News Network

　　Autumn is a good time for running and fitness, but many platforms have appeared sellers who claim to be able to "run" and "P sports data map". You can even ask someone to do your exercise? It is amazing that the "lazy economy" is frequent.

　　Fake run

　　It’s better to move your fingers than to be exhausted.

　　"Friday, step 5411; Saturday, step 6001; On Sunday, step 8923 … …” On Xiaoyu’s computer desktop, there are a row of screenshots of "Alipay Movement", and each file is marked with different numbers.

　　In Xiao Yu’s eyes, this is not a few screenshots, but his amount of exercise — — Although he didn’t really exercise, through the retouching software, he "P" a week’s exercise record in one breath. Every night, he will choose a screenshot and send it to the company’s WeChat group to show off his "achievements".

　　"P is equal to running", which is somewhat helpless. Last spring, as an activity of enterprise team building, Xiao Yu’s colleagues in the department were divided into several exercise groups. Every day, the team members had to show their sports achievements, and all the achievements were evaluated by adding them together. At first, Xiaoyu also uploaded real exercise records. Because of his busy work, he exercised intermittently. After two months, he found himself a drag on the team. Others have to take eight or nine thousand steps every day, while his number stays at two or three thousand.

　　"The work volume, even the exercise is rolled up." Seeing that some colleagues submit tens of thousands of exercise records every day, he can only "take a step" in order not to drag the team back. To take care of the children at night, he used his lunch break to circle the unit building and brush the steps.

　　In winter, Xiao Yu couldn’t hold on a bit, and his friend reminded him that instead of being exhausted, he might as well move his fingers — — After changing the screenshot, my friend also took the initiative to help Xiaoyu, who can’t use retouching software, "1,000 steps to 5,000 steps". After several retouching, he tasted the sweetness, and as long as the number of steps is not up to standard, he will be P. "I can’t exaggerate, just write more than 5,000, change more points on weekends, and seven or eight thousand will be the best."

　　Last month, Xiao Yu’s group won the second place, and everyone won the 200 yuan shopping card award. As for the moisture in it, it has become an unspeakable secret. Xiaoyu admits that not only is he critical of the daily exercise record, but it is also difficult to talk about science by comparing the exercise time. However, being in the workplace is related to the honor of the team, and the leaders are pointing fingers in the exercise group. Everyone can only insist, "It was exercise, and eventually it became a world of people."

　　If you don’t want to exercise, you can deal with things with P pictures. Judging from many sellers who provide various exercise software retouching services on the online shopping platform, there are still many people who think of it with Xiaoyu. The reporter found that college students accounted for a considerable number.

　　In order to enhance students’ physical fitness, colleges and universities generally require students to clock in on campus running, and students need to use designated software to complete running tasks. For example, Changshu Institute of Technology stipulates that the number of sunshine runs should be no less than 20 times per semester, and the distance of each run should be no less than 2 kilometers for boys and 1.5 kilometers for girls. Otherwise, the highest score of sports performance should not exceed 59 points. According to the regulations of Guangzhou Institute of Technology and Business, 68km for boys and 51km for girls should be completed every semester, and the mileage of each run should be no less than 1.2km for girls and 1.6km for boys … …

　　On the online shopping platform, a store sells the P-picture service of a certain platform at the price of 2 yuan/piece, and can modify the details such as movement time, trajectory, distance and pace on the picture according to the customer’s demand, with a monthly sales of more than 400 pieces. There are many comments below, such as "college students must have it", "saved my final term" and "bought it many times, the retouching is very reliable, and it is no problem to pay a sports punch card".

　　Daipao

　　Speed route data can be customized.

　　If the falsification on the data map is still virtual, the whole process only involves the "movement" of the keyboard and mouse. There is also a kind of operation that is more "bizarre". When you open the software, the line data is not fake. Running is really running, but it’s not me, but a runner specially invited to exercise in his own name.

　　With "running on behalf of" as the key word, the business is booming, and all mainstream sports platforms can find corresponding runners. "You can run at the location you specify, one kilometer from 0.7 yuan. If you want to run a specially designed road map and add extra money, you can run it within 48 hours of placing an order." According to a seller, the operation mode is very simple. The buyer only needs to tell the account number and password of his sports platform, and he will log in the software on his mobile phone. After running, he will quit and the corresponding records will be kept in the buyer’s account.

　　"I am transferring meat, and my pace is not fast, so I should exercise." A seller in Guangzhou said that running on behalf of others can motivate him to run as much as possible every day. "If you take the order, you must finish it within the agreed time." Due to the limited "running power", she can’t take a more difficult order. "Some people ask for a faster speed ratio. I can’t reach it after running for 1 km and 4 minutes. I can’t run for more than ten kilometers at a time." When running, she often takes pictures of the beautiful sunset glow and clouds she meets, which is very leisurely.

　　The reporter saw that the order price of "Daipao" is not high, generally between 0.5 yuan and 1 yuan per kilometer. Sellers mostly aim at losing weight and fitness, or they are runners themselves, earning some pocket money by the way, and even a few claim that they can run for free. In contrast, there is no pressure to punch in, and what are the users who take the initiative to ask people to run for themselves?

　　"I just want a medal. When I was in junior high school, the class teacher organized the whole class to run and took dozens of pieces. Everyone wanted it when they graduated." "Sanrio’s medals are really beautiful, and many girls like them" … … In many discussions around running on behalf of others, words such as medals, medals and activities are frequently mentioned.

　　"It’s directed at the circle of friends to take pictures and run around." Qian Yi, a runner, explained that in order to encourage users to participate, sports platforms often launch running activities with various themes, with "limited money" physical medals. For example, on Valentine’s Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Qixi Festival and other festivals, you can get medals by signing up for activities and completing the required running distances of 5.2 kilometers and 13.14 kilometers. "It doesn’t matter how fast you run. You can take a break in the middle, but as long as you start running, you must stick to it. For people who don’t usually exercise, it is still difficult. If you want, find someone to run or spend money on it. "

　　Take a well-known sports App as an example. In 2021, nearly 50 large and small running events were launched, and nearly 2.5 million people signed up to participate. In the photos on social platforms, some users collect medals and other running surroundings like collecting blind boxes and dolls, which attracts people to flock and comment, and it has become a traffic password.

　　traffic

　　There is a dummy behind the fake movement.

　　The end of the live broadcast is to bring goods, and the end of the movement is to socialize.

　　In Qian Yi’s view, running, like paddle board, frisbee, fitness and yoga pants, helps to create the most popular sports-loving people among young people today. Love sports, which means "having money and leisure", is actually the recognition and yearning for the healthy and exquisite lifestyle of the middle class.

　　If you exercise, you will naturally get some sun. If you can’t reach the amazing pace of running "Great God", you can only make some names and add some fun to your creative ideas. Everyone’s praise is also a kind of motivation.

　　"Otherwise, there won’t be so many strategies on the Internet to teach you to run out of diamond-shaped and heart-shaped … …” Qian Yi said with a smile that he ran through the route of "Elephant" pattern in Tiantan Park according to the raiders, and after the trajectory was exposed to the circle of friends, the number of praises really increased significantly, which made him very useful. "To put it bluntly, vanity is at work, but it’s not a bad thing. Who doesn’t have vanity?"

　　Beauty-treated photos before releasing them, pretending to be on vacation when you’re not out, and basking in other people’s road maps and medals instead of running … … In the eyes of Liu Xingliang, a well-known Internet scholar, these behaviors all show people’s humanity of "sharing" and "showing off", which is also the user psychology that Internet products attach the most importance to in-depth research.

　　"The earliest BBS, how many posts have what kind of level, hot the glory of the king, bronze and silver level play up … … Many Internet products will introduce a user rating system. The accumulation of medals and badges represents the experience of the owner in this field, allowing users to go to the top and keep getting it. "

　　In addition, in order to promote and create a strong word-of-mouth fission, products will spare no effort to encourage users to send social media, and we must continue to find discussion points and "out of the circle" angles for products.

　　All kinds of medals and activities launched on festivals clearly know this. What’s more special and more ceremonial than giving each other a custom-made holiday medal? That’s what I got by running (or asking for it) specially for you! Some people even started a discussion on the Q&A website. "The boy I secretly love, 520 is willing to run 13.14km for me, but I paid 39 yuan for the registration activity. Will he like me too?"

　　By the end of the year, many products will be scrambling to launch all kinds of inventory, showing how much money we spent, how many roads we walked, how many cars we took and what songs we listened to … … Liu Xingliang believes that all kinds of names are also designed to help users create personal settings, thus promoting sharing and communication. "The essence is the same."