I. Oil reserves

　　The United States is one of the countries with the largest proven oil reserves in the world. As of January 1, 2004, its proven oil reserves were 22.7 billion barrels, ranking 11th in the world. More than 80% of the country’s reserves are concentrated in four States in the United States: Texas (24%), Alaska (22%), Louisiana (20%) and California (19%). Other oil-producing states include New Mexico, Oklahoma, Wyoming, Kansas, Mississippi and North Dakota. Due to the over-exploitation in the late 1980s and the first half of 1990s, the oil reserves in the United States decreased rapidly. At present, the oil reserves in the United States decreased by about 20% compared with 1990.

　　Second, production

　　The United States is the third largest oil producer in the world after Saudi Arabia and the Russian Federation. According to the statistics of American oil and gas magazine, the American oil output in 2003 was 7.9 million barrels per day, accounting for 9.2% of the world’s total oil output. The output of crude oil is 5.7 million barrels per day, and the rest is natural gas liquid (NGL). At present, the output is the lowest in the past 50 years, which is about 25% lower than the 10.6 million barrels per day in 1985. There are about 500,000 oil producing wells in the United States, but most of them belong to marginal wells. According to statistics in 2003, the main oil producing areas are concentrated in the Gulf of Mexico, Texas land oil fields, the northern slope of Alaska, California, Louisiana land oil fields, Oklahoma and Wyoming. In 2003, the United States drilled 30,151 new oil and gas wells, including 5,694 oil wells, 20,011 natural gas wells and 4,446 dry wells. Compared with 25,536 wells drilled in 2002, it increased by 18%. With the progress and development of geophysical prospecting technology and drilling equipment, the output of deepwater oil fields in the Gulf of Mexico has increased rapidly. At present, the output of deepwater oil fields accounts for two-thirds of the oil production in the Gulf of Mexico in the United States. Because most of the energy resources in the United States are concentrated in the territory of the federal government, and the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas are subject to many restrictions by the federal government, it is difficult to increase oil production significantly. Due to the low return on energy investment, the investment in the oil industry has been greatly reduced since 1980, which has led to the aging of the existing oil supply infrastructure in the United States, such as pipeline transportation and refinery processing, and the serious shortage of production capacity.At the same time, domestic production costs are higher than the international level, and environmental protection requirements are increasingly demanding. As a result, many refineries have been forced to close down. Relevant data show that no new refinery was built in the United States from the late 1980s to the 1990s. The petroleum refining and processing industries in the United States are mainly concentrated in Texas, Louisiana, California, Illinois, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Washington, Ohio and Indiana. According to the statistics of British Petroleum Company (BP), the refining capacity of the United States in 2002 was 16.76 million barrels per day, accounting for about 20% of the world’s total refining capacity of 8,390 barrels per day. At present, the dominant oil companies in the American market are mainly ExxonMobil, Philips Continental, Chevron Texaco, Shell Oil, Frontier Oil, Marathon Oil and other companies. The U.S. Department of Energy predicted in its energy policy article that the oil production in the United States will drop from the current level of 580 barrels per day to 5.1 million barrels per day in 2020, and the Gulf of Mexico will play an important role in the future, and its share in domestic oil production will increase from the current 27% to 40% in 2010.

　　Third, consumption

　　The United States is the largest oil consumer in the world. In 2003, the consumption was 20.071 million barrels per day (equivalent to 914.3 million tons), an increase of 1.9% over the previous year, accounting for 25.1% of the total oil consumption in the world. In the current composition of energy consumption in the United States, oil accounts for 42%, coal accounts for 24%, natural gas accounts for 20%, nuclear energy accounts for 8-,and hydropower, solar energy and wind energy account for 4%. According to the statistics of British Petroleum Company (BP), in the composition of oil consumption in the United States in 2003, transportation oil accounted for about 67.5% of the total oil consumption, industrial oil accounted for about 24.2%, civil oil accounted for about 3.9%, electric oil accounted for about 2.4%, and commercial oil accounted for about 1.9%. After experiencing the oil crisis in the 1970s, the United States began to pay attention to improving energy utilization and saving energy, and the energy intensity continued to decline. At the end of 1990s, the energy required for producing every dollar decreased by 44% compared with that in 1970, and the annual per capita oil consumption decreased from 31 barrels in 1978 to 26 barrels in 2000, a decrease of 20%. On the whole, since 1973, American economy has increased by 126%, while energy consumption has only increased by 30%.

　　In order to improve the energy utilization rate, the federal government formulated the Energy Star program as early as the 1970s, and in the late 1980s, it set energy-saving standards for related industries, such as automobile manufacturing, household appliances and building lighting. Some energy-intensive production units, such as wood processing and papermaking, chemical industry, petrochemical refinery, metal smelting, food processing, ceramics and glass firing, have either adopted new energy-saving technologies or shut down and turned around, reducing the dependence of the economy on energy to some extent. In addition, the adjustment of macroeconomic structure and the rise of non-energy-intensive industries, such as communication and information technology, microelectronics and financial services, have also greatly reduced the energy intensity of the United States.

　　On the other hand, because the transportation industry in the United States accounts for more than 65% of its total oil consumption, the automobile industry in the United States developed rapidly during the period of low oil prices in the 1980s and 1990s, and the vehicle types became larger and larger, especially the fuel-intensive vehicles such as off-road vehicles and sports cars, which were favored by consumers. Therefore, the demand for petroleum products, mainly gasoline, has greatly increased. The US Department of Energy predicts that in the next 20 years, US oil consumption will increase by 33% and natural gas consumption by 50%, and by 2020, US oil consumption will reach 26-27 million barrels per day.

　　Iv. import

　　The United States has been a net energy importer since 1950s. After 1985, its dependence on imported oil increased significantly. In 2003, its import volume increased from 4.3 million barrels per day in the mid-1980s to 12.2 million barrels per day (equivalent to 605.1 million tons), an increase of 7.9% over the previous year, accounting for 62% of its total domestic oil demand and 26.8% of the world’s total imports. Among them, the import volume of crude oil is 9.645 million barrels per day and that of oil products is 2.609 million barrels per day. The main import sources are Canada (2.1 million barrels per day), Saudi Arabia (1.8 million barrels per day), Mexico (1.6 million barrels per day) and Venezuela (1.4 million barrels per day). Among the sources of oil imports in the United States, more than two-fifths of oil imports come from member countries of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. From 1973 to 2000, the dependence of American domestic market on imported oil increased from 35% to 52%, natural gas increased from 5% to 15%, and the proportion of energy imports in its total imports exceeded 10%. In order to meet the increasing domestic oil demand and ensure the safety of energy supply, the United States has formulated a multi-faceted global supply system strategy in its energy policy and implemented a diversified policy of oil and gas import sources. In addition to taking Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and other oil-producing countries in the Middle East as the leading sources of supply, it also makes full use of the convenience of the North American Free Trade Area to consolidate the existing energy production and cooperation with Canada and Mexico.Increase investment in onshore and offshore oil and gas fields in Latin America and Central and South America countries such as Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, Colombia, etc., and ensure the source of oil supply for the United States in this region. And set up the US-Russia oil and gas working group and the US-Kazakhstan oil and gas and commercial energy working group, increase investment in Aegean and African countries and regions, and make use of technological advantages to carry out deep-sea oil and gas exploration and production in the Atlantic basin between Canada and the Caribbean, Brazil and West Africa.

　　V. Inventory

　　Strategic reserve oil

　　After being hit by the oil embargo imposed by the oil-producing countries in East Arab in the early 1970s, President Carter signed the energy policy and energy-saving law in 1975 and decided to establish a strategic oil reserve. On July 21, 1977, about 412,000 barrels of Saudi light crude oil were injected into the salt cave on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico as the first strategic storage. According to the relevant laws, only when the domestic energy supply or import is blocked, or the oil price rises sharply due to the oil embargo, which may seriously threaten national security or economic operation, can the President of the United States decide and order the use of strategic reserve oil. On November 13, 2001, President George W. Bush announced that the strategic oil reserve would be increased to 700 million barrels. At present, the strategic oil storage capacity of the United States is 727 million barrels. The International Energy Agency requires that the United States’ oil reserves (strategic and non-strategic stocks) should reach 90 days’ import. The maximum withdrawal amount of strategic oil reserves is 4.3 million tons/day, and it takes about 13 days from the withdrawal of stocks to entering the US market. In order to establish strategic oil reserves, the United States has invested a total of 21 billion US dollars, of which 4 billion US dollars are used to purchase oil storage facilities and 17 billion US dollars to purchase reserve oil. The reserve oil will come from 20 countries, of which light crude oil accounts for about one-third of the total reserve oil and two-thirds is heavy crude oil (crude oil with sulfur content above 2%). As of August 24, 2004, the United States had 667 million barrels of strategic reserve oil, which was equivalent to 55 days’ import at that time. Among them, 270 million barrels of light crude oil and 397 million barrels of heavy oil.(In 1985, the strategic stock oil reached the import volume equivalent to 118 days at that time). The main oil storage locations are related states in South America, such as Louisiana and Texas, which are close to the Gulf of Mexico. The strategic reserve oil of the United States has played an important role in stabilizing the international oil market. Since the establishment of the strategic oil reserve, only when Iraq attacked Kuwait in early 1991 and caused the price of the international oil market to rise sharply, according to the allocation quota of the international energy agency, President Bush ordered the Ministry of Energy to use 33.75 million barrels of crude oil when launching the operation desert storm to calm the price rise in the oil market. But in the end, the United States only used 17.3 million barrels, which effectively brought the international oil price down sharply.

　　Commercial petroleum inventory

　　According to api gravity data, by the end of July, 2004, the commercial inventory of crude oil in the United States was 298 million barrels, up by 4.6% over the same period of last year, the inventory of gasoline was 212 million barrels, up by 5.2%, and the inventory of other oil products was 158 million barrels. At the end of July, the national inventory of various oil products (excluding strategic oil reserves) was 959.6 million barrels, a slight increase of 0.2% over a year ago.

　　VI. The Impact of Oil Price Fluctuation on American Economy

　　Since 2003, especially since August this year, the sharp and rapid rise in oil prices has caused the international oil market to fall into panic again. The New York Mercantile Exchange’s September West Texas Intermediate crude oil futures price broke through the psychological defense line of $40 and $45 per barrel in just a few weeks, and reached the $50 mark. Finally, on August 20, it fell back after hitting $49.40. Compared with the beginning of the year, oil prices have increased by about 50%.

　　People in the industry have consistent views on the reasons for the rising oil prices, mainly as follows: 1. Compared with other commodities, the monopoly of oil is still strong. In order to maintain the selling price, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries has been adopting the sales strategy of limiting production and insuring prices in recent years, but the supply has decreased. 2. The international market demand shows a slow growth trend, and the oil import demand of emerging countries, especially China and Indian countries, rises sharply. 3. The geopolitical situation is turbulent, and anti-government forces in Iraq threaten to blow up oil production facilities, kidnap foreign companies as hostages and carry out terrorist activities. The political turmoil caused by Venezuela’s domestic election has affected its oil production and export, and the protracted tax evasion case by KOS Oil Company in Russia has caused market panic. 4. Speculation in the oil futures market has intensified. As soon as traders encounter trouble, they will take the opportunity to speculate, which will contribute to the rise and fall of oil prices. 5. The production capacity of the member countries of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is close to the limit, and their ability to regulate oil supply is declining.

　　As for the possible impact of this oil price on the economy, there are different opinions. As the impact of oil price fluctuation on economy is lagging behind, judging from several oil crises since 1970s, every crisis is always accompanied by high inflation and economic recession. For example, the first oil crisis when the Arab countries imposed an oil embargo led to a serious global recession in 1973-1975, the oil crisis triggered by the Iran-Iraq war in 1979 led to a global recession in 1981-1982, and the oil price shock triggered by the Gulf War plunged the western industrialized countries into a relatively moderate economic recession in 1990-1991. Therefore, some economists believe that this sharp rise in oil prices will inevitably bring considerable negative impact to the world economy. Take the United States as an example. In 2004, its GDP increased by 4.5% in the first quarter, and decreased to 3% in the second quarter. Affected by the oil price shock, many American economists have lowered their economic growth forecasts in the second half of the year, arguing that high oil prices will affect consumer spending, reduce investment, reduce national real income, keep the unemployment rate high, widen the foreign trade deficit, and may lead to inflation. What’s more, it is believed that the American economy may experience stagflation or fall into recession again in 2005. However, some institutions, such as the Federal Reserve Board of the United States, are optimistic that the impact of this oil price shock on the US economy is limited, and it will not lead to a new economic crisis. The reason is that from a macro perspective, there has been no fundamental change in the relationship between supply and demand in the international oil market.The oil supply is sufficient, the demand for oil in the United States has not increased significantly, and it is backed by a considerable oil inventory. More importantly, the tolerance for rising oil prices is greatly enhanced compared with the past, so it can cope with price fluctuations in the international oil market in a short period of time. Once speculation subsides, the oil market will return to its original pattern.

　　The author believes that oil is a strategic scarce resource. Although major oil importing countries have been practicing energy conservation and improving energy utilization for a long time, the status of oil as a major energy source cannot be effectively replaced for a long time to come. With the continuous development of the world economy, especially the rapid economic development of developing countries such as China and India, the demand for oil in the international market is bound to increase. At the same time, the international geopolitical pattern is turbulent, especially the terrorist activities in major oil-producing countries such as the Middle East, which will always be an unstable link in the supply chain of the international oil market. Therefore, in the long run, oil prices will continue to rise with the increase in demand caused by the development of the world economy. The possibility of a sharp rise in oil prices in the short term due to temporary factors and speculation is not ruled out. From the perspective of the United States, as it experienced the oil crisis in the 1970s, it adjusted its macro-energy policy in time, paid attention to the diversification of energy composition, increased the development of natural gas resources, nuclear energy and other alternative energy sources, improved energy utilization rate and focused on energy conservation, diversified import channels, and a huge strategic oil reserve, so its overall resilience to resist the energy shortage crisis was greatly enhanced compared with the past, and short-term oil price fluctuations had relatively little impact on the economy. Therefore, although this oil price shock will definitely affect its economic growth in the second half of 2004, it is estimated that it will not have a reversible impact on its economic activities, and the specific impact will need further close attention.

　　According to the statistics of the U.S. Department of Energy, 48% of the total crude oil consumed in the United States is used to produce gasoline and other fuels. Due to the popularity of multi-purpose vehicles with high horsepower and high fuel consumption, the consumption of gasoline in the United States has increased by 24% since 1990. Since September and November, especially since this year, due to the intensified price fluctuation in the international primary raw material market and domestic natural disasters, especially the hurricane that frequently visited the relevant States in the southern United States last year and this year (which is also the gathering place of many large American oil refineries), the domestic petroleum products in the United States, such as gasoline and heating oil, have shown a tight supply market situation, which has led to. It is estimated that gasoline consumption will increase by 48% over the current level in 2025. Because domestic production is far from meeting the market demand, the proportion of imported gasoline in the total gasoline consumption in the United States has soared from 4% in 1995 to about 10% at present. According to the forecast of the Energy Information Administration, by 2025, the gasoline consumption in the United States will increase from the current 8.9 million barrels per day to 13.3 million barrels per day. By then, gasoline alone will account for half of the crude oil consumption in the United States. At the same time, the proportion of diesel oil, heating oil and aviation fuel oil in the demand for refined oil will also increase greatly. In sharp contrast, since the second half of the 1990s, the domestic refining capacity in the United States has increased by less than 1%.

　　The main reasons for the imbalance between supply and demand in the oil market are:

　　Since the 1970s, due to the persistent surplus of international crude oil market, oil prices have been hovering at a low price for a long time. At this stage, American refineries have maintained a low rate of return and a low rate of return on investment, which greatly inhibited investors from expanding refinery facilities and launching new refineries. In fact, since 1976, the United States has not built a new refinery (just increasing the production scale of existing facilities). At present, the number of oil refineries has decreased by more than half compared with 1981, while gasoline consumption has increased by 45%. According to the statistics of the relevant departments of the US Department of Energy, the number of refineries in the United States has decreased from 324 in 1981 to 148 (including 4 idle ones). These refineries are located in 32 States in the United States, with an overall crude oil processing capacity of 17.12 million barrels per day. In the past ten years, nearly 50 refineries have closed down, and most of the existing enterprises have outdated equipment and various accidents. The reason is mainly attributed to the large-scale reorganization of oil refining enterprises after the two oil crises in the 1970s, such as selling and closing excess production equipment, which led to the reduction of the number of refineries in this industry. In addition to the overcapacity factors that affected the new investment in the oil refining industry in the 1980s and 1990s, various regulations in the United States, such as more stringent environmental laws, clean air laws, relevant regulations on air quality, water quality, waste and automobile exhaust emissions, more additional government licenses and regulations to further reduce the sulfur content in gasoline and diesel, in addition,Refineries also need to produce gasoline and diesel with different standards according to federal standards, state government standards and local government standards, and it takes time to apply for more complicated government licenses. Clean fuel standards (such as the introduction of various environmental protection standards one after another, the increasingly strict emission standards for automobile exhaust, etc.) undoubtedly make refinery production more difficult and new capital investment increase. According to statistics from the United States, in the past 10 years, the refining industry in the United States has invested about $47 billion in environmental protection projects, mainly for producing low-sulfur unleaded gasoline that is more conducive to environmental protection. Under the restriction of internal and external environment, many oil refining enterprises have high input and low output, while some refineries are forced to close down because they cannot adapt to the increasingly fierce industry competition.

　　List of refinery distribution and crude oil processing capacity in the United States

　　Number of refineries by state, among which idle number crude oil processing capacity

　　Idle processing capacity (barrel/day)

　　Delaware 1 175000

　　Georgia 1 1 28000 28000

　　New Jersey 6 1 666000 51000

　　Pennsylvania 5,770,000

　　Virginia 1 58600

　　West Virginia 1 19400

　　Illinois 4 896000

　　Indiana 2 433000

　　Kansas 3 296200

　　Kentucky 2 227500

　　Michigan 1 74000

　　Minnesota 2 335000

　　North Dakota 1 58000

　　Ohio 4 551400

　　Oklahoma 5 484961

　　Tennessee 1,180,000

　　Wisconsin 1 33000

　　Alabama 3 1 130200 16700

　　Arkansas 2 76800

　　Louisiana 17 2772723

　　Mississippi 4 364800

　　New Mexico 3 112600

　　Texas 26 1 4628491 880

　　Colorado 2 87000

　　Montana 4 181200

　　Utah 5 167350

　　Wyoming 5,152,000

　　Alaska 6 373500

　　California 21 2026788

　　Hawaii 2 147500

　　Nevada 1 1707

　　Oregon 1 0

　　Washington 5 616150

　　The United States totals 148 4 17124870 118580.

　　Puerto Rico 2 1 109500 42000

　　Virgin Islands 1,495,000

　　As can be seen from the above table, refineries in the United States are mainly concentrated in Texas, California and Louisiana. The above three States account for 43.2% of the total number of refineries in the United States, and the crude oil refining capacity accounts for 55.1% of the United States. Texas alone accounts for 17.6% and 27.0% of the total in the United States.

　　Geographically, refineries in the United States are mainly concentrated in Texas and Louisiana near the Gulf of Mexico in the southern United States.

　　About 25% of the existing refinery production capacity in the United States is controlled by foreign enterprises. Mainly operated by large petrochemical multinational companies, such as BP, Shell Chemical Company, Dow Chemical Company, ExxonMobil Company, Texaco Company, Continental Philips Company, Chevron Company, Marathon Schlander Company, Citgo Petroleum Corp., Motiva Enterprises LLC, Murphy Oil USA Inc., Valero, Total Petrochemical Inc.,

　　Western refining co., chalmette refining LLC., premcor refining group Inc., etc.

　　Since the beginning of the 21st century, due to the turbulent world political situation and increasing demand, the price of international crude oil market has been rising, which has led to an increase in market demand for oil products. Although refineries are operating at full capacity, the demand is still in short supply. At the same time, due to the aging equipment of many refineries, accidents continue (for example, BP’s refinery in Texas suffered two accidents, including the explosion in the first half of 2005, which caused dozens of casualties and heavy losses), and the shutdown of refineries along the Mexican coast caused by two hurricanes in August and September 2005, as well as speculation in the international oil futures market, which further aggravated the shortage of oil products in the US oil market, and the prices of motor gasoline and diesel oil soared.

　　The Impact of Hurricane Katrina and Rita on American Petroleum Refining Industry

　　In late August and late September, 2005, two successive hurricanes Katrina and Rita swept through the Gulf of Mexico, which not only brought serious casualties and huge property losses to Louisiana and eastern Texas, but also caused heavy losses to the oil refining industry in the United States.

　　According to the statistics of the US Department of Energy, the oil production in the Gulf of Mexico is 1.5 million barrels per day (equivalent to 75 million tons), which is one of the important oil producing areas in the United States. There are dozens of large refineries of multinational oil companies in Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi near the Gulf of Mexico. For example, there are 17 refineries along the Mexican coast in Texas, including 10 refineries in Houston, with a daily refining capacity of 2.3 million barrels of crude oil, accounting for 13% of the total refining capacity in the United States. There are four refineries in Beaumont and port arthur, with a daily processing capacity of 1.1 million barrels of crude oil, accounting for 7% of the total refining capacity in the United States. Exxon Mobil (ExxonMobil) has 348,500 barrels per day, Motiva (Shell) has 285,000 barrels per day, Total has 233,500 barrels per day, and Valero has 255,000 barrels per day (according to the statistics of the US Department of Energy on January 1, 2005). There are three refineries in Christie, Kobos, with a daily processing capacity of 586,000 barrels of crude oil, accounting for 3% of the total refining capacity in the United States. The three refineries in Lake Charles, Louisiana, which were severely hit by this hurricane, were completely shut down. They were Citgo, with a refining capacity of 324,300 barrels per day, ConocoPhillips, 239,400 barrels per day and Calcasleu, with a refining capacity of 30,000 barrels per day.

　　Affected by the hurricane, the production capacity of about 3.5 million barrels per day (equivalent to 20% of the country’s total refining capacity) was temporarily closed. Among them, the refineries in Port Arthur in eastern Texas and Lake Charles in Louisiana suffered from wind disaster or power failure, and the refining capacity of 1.7 million barrels of crude oil per day completely stopped (accounting for about 10% of the national total refining capacity). And thus triggered a sharp rise in the retail price of gasoline in the southern region.

　　Crude oil production and refinery processing capacity in the Gulf of Mexico in the United States

　　(Figures as of August 2005)

　　Proven reserves of Zhoubie crude oil

　　(Million barrels) Ranks crude oil output in the United States.

　　(1,000 barrels per day) Ranks the number of refineries in the United States and ranks the processing capacity of refineries in the United States.

　　(million barrels) market share in the United States

　　USA 148 1712.49

　　Texas 4583 2 1073 2 26 1 4.6 26

　　Louisiana 452 8 228 5 17 2.8

　　Alabama 52 19 20 16 3 0.114

　　Mississippi 169 14 47 13 4 0.365

　　Georgia nothing 1 0.028

　　Florida 68 17 8 20 0 0

　　Oklahoma 588 6 171 7 5 0.485

　　Arkansas 50 20 18 17 2 0.077

　　Subtotal 5962 1565 58.469

　　Source: Energy Information Administration of the US Department of Energy, Census Bureau and National Petroleum News "Market Information in 2004".

　　As can be seen from the data in the above table, the Gulf of Mexico in South America occupies a considerable share in the US energy market in terms of crude oil production, refinery quantity and processing capacity, and also has a certain impact on domestic and even international oil prices.

　　After learning from a painful experience, the US government decided to review the existing oil refining industry mechanism in the United States to find out whether there is monopoly and price manipulation in the industry after consumers were hit by the recent sharp rise in oil prices and complained. To this end, the CEOs of Exxon Oil Company, Shell Oil Company, BP America Company, Continental Oil Company and Chevron Company, which account for 42% of the national oil refining capacity, were invited to attend the Senate hearing to explain why they made profits as high as $32.8 billion in a quarter from June to September 2005.

　　In order to cope with the increasing demand for oil products and reduce price fluctuations, members of the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States have proposed new refinery expansion bills, and some have proposed to build new refineries in areas where the unemployment rate is 20% higher than the national average. This will not only achieve the purpose of building refineries, but also increase employment. Some suggest giving preferential tax treatment or tax exemption to attract investors, and some suggest using abandoned military bases as the site of new refineries, which can cause less opposition from nearby residents. However, judging from the current actual situation, a substantial increase in the supply of domestic oil products in the United States can not be achieved overnight. Although the oil supply can be increased to a certain extent by restructuring the refining industry again, combining and expanding existing refineries, improving production processes and processes, even those refineries that have not yet reached full production are limited in their production capacity. The fundamental way to solve the problem is to build a new refinery, but it is expected to face great resistance. The first is the site selection. Many people will agree to build the refinery, a potential pollution source and a "time bomb", in their own backyard. Secondly, it is complicated and time-consuming to apply for relevant permits and obtain approval from competent authorities at all levels. The most important thing is to build a new refinery with large investment, low average profit level and long payback period. The investment in building a new refinery is usually as high as several billion dollars, and even a small refinery needs about one billion dollars.However, the sharp fluctuation of the international oil market price has increased many uncertainties in predicting the investment recovery period and return rate of refineries, which has inhibited the investment desire of potential investors. There is also a recognized view that due to the continuous integration and merger of the oil industry in the past few decades, most small companies with little capital and weak technical strength have been washed out or merged. At present, most of the companies operating in the market are multinational companies, and the market participants in this industry are relatively few, and the competition is not as fierce as other industries. In other words, the monopoly is strong. The rise in oil prices has been expected by these companies for many years, so they will never give up this opportunity to make a lot of money. Building a new refinery will undoubtedly increase competitors and reduce the average profit rate, so there is little interest in these current vested companies.　　

Editor: Wang Yuxi

　　CCTV News:Recently, the Protection Administration of Old Town of Lijiang, Yunnan Province issued the Interim Measures for the Administration of Access and Exit of Market Operation Projects in Dayan Ancient City of Lijiang, which came into effect on April 1, 2019 and was valid until March 31, 2022. The method clarifies the Negative List of Business Projects in Old Town of Lijiang, which is divided into two categories: restricted access category and prohibited access category (timely adjustment).

　　There are seven categories of restricted access projects that are not allowed to operate, including catering, tambourines, bars, jewelry, jade, jade, beeswax, amber, farmers’ markets, tea bars, cosmetics and so on. Prohibited access categories include open-flame barbecue, dance halls, Internet cafes, digital products, sauna massage, beauty salons, modern clothing sales and other 16 categories.

　　CCTV reporter learned from Old Town of Lijiang Protection Administration that the business projects discouraged in the measures will be strictly controlled and will not be approved in principle. Operators who have already obtained the Access Certificate for World Cultural Heritage Old Town of Lijiang Business Projects or the Permit for Old Town of Lijiang Business in Scenic Areas will gradually reduce their scale and quantity according to regulations, and gradually guide them to switch to business. For the business projects prohibited in the measures, if they have existed before the implementation of these measures but have not been transferred to the business in time, the ancient city protection and management institutions and relevant industry departments will jointly guide them to transfer to the business or withdraw from the business in the ancient city.

　　The measures also pointed out that operators engaged in business activities in the area of Dayan Ancient City in Lijiang are strictly prohibited from taking unfair means to compete for tourists and soliciting customers, slaughtering customers, bullying customers and other illegal acts that disrupt the tourism order and business order of the ancient city. In addition, this method also clarifies the decoration style of business premises in the ancient city, including that the pattern and style of shops must follow the basic form of traditional commercial shops in Old Town of Lijiang, and the traditional architectural style must not be destroyed when the original dwellings are repaired.

　　(CCTV reporter Jiang Houbo Qin Fen)

　　The market rumors of Pfizer COVID-19’s oral medicine imitation license have been confirmed.

　　On March 17th, official website, a pharmaceutical patent pool (MPP), announced that it had signed agreements with 35 companies, which were allowed to copy and produce nirmatrelvir, one of the ingredients of Paxlovid, an oral drug of Pfizer COVID-19.

　　According to the map released by official website, the countries involved in the agreement are distributed in 12 countries around the world, among which 6 companies will focus on the production of APIs, 9 companies will produce drugs, and the remaining 20 companies will have both. There are five pharmaceutical companies in China, including Huahai Pharmaceutical (600521), Puluo Pharmaceutical (000739), Fosun Pharmaceutical (600196), Jiuzhou Pharmaceutical (603456) and Shanghai Disino, among which Jiuzhou Pharmaceutical only produces APIs, while others can produce APIs and preparations at the same time.

　　It is worth noting that the agreement will help to expand the accessibility of Pfizer COVID-19 oral medicine in 95 low-and middle-income countries, accounting for about 53% of the world population, but excluding China.

　　Earlier on March 17, the above news was circulated in the market, and the above listed companies once had a daily limit. Previously, it was rumored in the market that Puluo Pharmaceutical could only produce APIs. According to the newly published map, Puluo Pharmaceutical can produce both raw materials and preparations.

　　It is worth noting that a Ukrainian company is also on the list of 35 companies. MPP said that due to the current conflict, it could not be signed, but the license could still be used.

　　According to the data of official website, the Pharmaceutical Patent Pool Organization is a public health organization supported by the United Nations, which is committed to increasing access to life-saving drugs for low-and middle-income countries and promoting drug development.

　　On January 20th, local time, the Pharmaceutical Patent Pool Organization (MPP) announced through official website that it had signed an agreement with 27 pharmaceutical companies to allow them to produce and supply the oral anti-Covid-19 drug Molnupiravir of Merck to 105 low-and middle-income countries or regions around the world, so as to promote the affordability and accessibility of the drug in the world. Five China pharmaceutical companies, such as Fosun Pharma, Borui Pharma, Shijiazhuang Long Ze Pharmaceuticals, Shanghai Diseno and Langhua Pharmaceuticals, are among them, of which the first four are allowed to produce both raw materials and finished products, and Langhua Pharmaceuticals is allowed to produce raw materials.

　　In other words, two pharmaceutical companies, Fosun Pharma and Shanghai Disino, have obtained the rights to prevent and control the production of Pfizer and Merck.

　　Pfizer’s Paxlovid is a combination of PF-07321332 and ritonavir, which has been approved for conditional marketing in China. Molnupiravir of Merck is a nucleoside drug in oral form, which has not been approved in China.

　　In order to speed up the application of large-scale models and continuously promote the commercialization and large-scale popularization of typical applications, on the basis of summing up and evaluating the work experience of the first and second batch of partner programs, the third batch of "partner program" members is now organized, focusing on "high-quality data supply, high-performance computing power supply and high-value model application", and the partner members in five fields of computing power, data, model, application and investment are widely collected. The relevant matters are notified as follows.

　　I. Scope of the "Partnership Program"

　　The "Partnership Program" aims to build a market-oriented service platform with industrial synergy, complementary advantages and resources, effective application and flexible cooperation mechanism among partners.

　　(1) Calculation partners. Widely collected throughout the country, especially in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Mongolia and surrounding areas. Computing partners have the ability to provide diversified and high-quality computing resources, and can give priority to providing high-quality computing services to large model teams and enterprises in this city, which can effectively reduce the threshold for computing use of small and medium-sized enterprises and individual developers, and can access the computing interconnection and operation service platform in Beijing. Computing partners should have cooperation cases with large model enterprises and AIGC enterprises in high-performance computing support. Encourage enterprises with domestic computing resources to actively participate.

　　(2) Data partners. Data partner is the main body of data factor market, including data provider and data trader. Aiming at the high-quality data required for large-scale model training, it can combine specific application scenarios, give full play to the advantages of massive data resources and professional advantages of data providers, and realize the effective supply of training data and the compliant, efficient, safe and orderly flow. Priority should be given to the fact that the relevant data resources of data providers can be physically migrated, relying on the pioneer area of Beijing data basic system and the National Artificial Intelligence Data Training Base, and provide data support for large-scale model training through platform transactions. Encourage enterprises that can provide high-quality data resources for practical application scenarios such as intelligent manufacturing, government affairs, finance, medical care, entertainment and education to actively participate.

　　(3) Model partners. Model partners mainly include general model enterprises, industry model enterprises and model service providers. The technical parameters of the general large model need to reach the domestic leading level, and the development of industry models based on the general large model is encouraged. Model partners should have the ability to provide application services by using large models, and can provide application services based on specific industries, or rely on the basic model platform to train and optimize through exclusive industry data to provide industry application services. Related model services or applications have achieved commercial cooperation or large-scale promotion and use.

　　(4) Application partners. Application partners refer to all kinds of industry users who apply large-scale model capabilities to support business development. They should have a clear demand for cooperation in open scenarios, and have the ability and willingness to cooperate with applications. They can open their own typical application scenarios and rely on model products and services to drive business to improve quality and efficiency. Encourage central enterprises, state-owned enterprises and other units to actively participate.

　　(5) Investment partners. Investment partners can empower the development of general artificial intelligence industry by means of capital assistance and service docking, and play the role of incubation, guidance and driving. They should have the sustainability of investment and services, provide a good environment for investment, incubation and cooperation docking, and regularly hold docking exchanges, salons roadshows and other activities to drive scientific and technological innovation, discover typical scenarios, promote cooperation, and promote the high-quality development of the digital economy. In the past two years, the number of investment projects in large models and related industries of investment partners has reached more than 5; Investment partners organize at least 10 roadshows and other service docking activities every year.

　　Second, the reporting conditions

　　(1) reporting conditions. Units that are willing to participate in the development of general artificial intelligence industry in Beijing and meet the relevant conditions of five types of partners. There is no bad record in terms of quality, safety, reputation and social responsibility.

　　(2) Relevant rights and interests. Enjoy the docking service of computing power, data and application among partners, and provide relevant policy publicity and guidance.

　　Third, the working mechanism

　　In order to fully reflect the service docking effect of the "Partner Program", mobilize the enthusiasm of partner members and promote the double improvement of cooperation quality and effect, the working mechanism of partner member units is specially formulated.

　　The member units that have been selected into the partnership plan should actively participate in relevant activities or meetings and perform their partnership duties. After comprehensive evaluation, the member units that do not participate in relevant activities without reason will take measures such as "reminding and revoking partner membership" respectively. All partner memberships are reviewed quarterly, and enterprises and institutions that fail to reflect the role of partner members will be led out after a quarter of observation. All partner member units shall strictly abide by the objective facts in providing capacity services and information disclosure, and shall not slander their peers. The materials and documents shared or disclosed shall comply with relevant laws and regulations, and bear relevant responsibilities caused by self-behavior.

　　Fourth, the declaration method

　　The reporting entity can choose to assume one or more partner roles according to its own business type. The applicant should fill in the Application Form for the Third Batch of Beijing "Partnership Program" (see the attachment for details), and send the official application form PDF document and Word document to the contact email before March 1, 2024.

　　I hereby inform you.

Beijing Bureau of Economy and Information Technology　　　　

February 5, 2024　　

　　(Contact: Zou Qifeng, Wang Wei and Li Yiming; Tel: 18730662199 13810101764 13910808181; E-mail: gaozhengzhou@jxj.beijing.gov.cn)

CCTV News:Recently, the number of patients infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae has increased in many places, especially in children, and the treatment time is long. Many patients and their families have questions. Why is it not good after treatment for a while? I’ve already hit pneumonia vaccine, why can I get mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia? How to prevent uninfected people?

Hao Hongwen, chief physician of Pediatrics, Oriental Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, gave the following answers to nine common questions about mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

Question 1: Why did you get mycoplasma pneumonia after playing in pneumonia vaccine?

Hao Hongwen:This is actually a question that we often answer parents in clinic. Usually, children and the elderly are vaccinated with pneumonia vaccine, which is mainly aimed at Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, the pathogen of this popular pneumonia is Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and there is no vaccine against Mycoplasma pneumoniae at present. Therefore, even if vaccinated with pneumonia vaccine, pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae cannot be prevented, because the pathogen is different. Of course, pneumonia vaccine has positive significance in preventing pneumonia and other diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Question 2: I went to check my blood when I had a fever and cough. The antibody against Mycoplasma pneumoniae was also negative, but not positive. Why did it eventually become Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia?

Hao Hongwen:This is because the most positive time of mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody is 5-7 days after infection, so the initial examination may be negative, and some of them will be false negative. Therefore, negative antibody to mycoplasma pneumoniae can not rule out mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

Question 3: What are the characteristics of mycoplasma pneumonia? How to identify?

Hao Hongwen:Pneumonia caused by mycoplasma infection is characterized by "double weight and light weight".

First of all, the symptoms are serious. Children mainly have a severe fever and cough, and most of them will continue to have a high fever, or the low fever will continue all the time, and the cough will be very heavy. In the first day or two of the onset, the cough may not be obvious, and then the cough will gradually become obvious, mainly manifested as paroxysmal and irritating cough, that is, coughing up in a big array, and even coughing badly will vomit and shed tears. This kind of cough, often with little phlegm at the beginning, is characterized by dry cough, and phlegm will appear in the middle and late stage of the course of the disease, which is the "first weight".

Although this kind of pneumonia has a severe fever and cough, the rales of the lungs are often not heard in the early and middle stages of the disease. Therefore, there is no dry and wet rales after the doctor auscultates the lungs. In layman’s terms, it is no problem to auscultate the lungs. This is a "light".

The characteristic of this disease is twofold and lightness, and the "second weight" is that the chest radiograph is heavier. If a child has a fever for more than three days, high fever for more than three days or low fever repeatedly, and his cough gradually worsens for more than three or four days, he must also consider this kind of pneumonia. Although there is no obvious abnormality in auscultation, doctors will generally advise the child to take a chest film to see if there is any pneumonia. The chest film may show signs of lung inflammation, some of which may be patchy, some may even be large white consolidation, and even pleural effusion. This is the "second weight".

Therefore, we simply sum up the characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia as "double weight and light weight". If parents and friends find that their children have such characteristics of fever and cough, they must also pay attention to the possibility of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, and if necessary, conduct chest X-ray or even chest CT examination under the guidance of a doctor.

Question 4: How is Mycoplasma pneumoniae infected? How to prevent it?

Hao Hongwen:The infection of mycoplasma pneumoniae is the same as our common respiratory infections, and it is mainly transmitted through the mouth and nose, so it is easy to be infected in crowded places or in close contact with patients if no protective measures are taken. Therefore, in view of this route of infection, we still have to emphasize that children should go to crowded, closed and unventilated places as little as possible. If the disease is at a high incidence, it is recommended that children wear masks as much as possible and wash their hands frequently when going to these places. Of course, it is necessary to have enough sleep, a reasonable diet, and timely increase or decrease clothes according to the weather conditions, so as to enhance the child’s resistance and avoid the infection of mycoplasma pneumoniae. If someone in the family has been infected with mycoplasma, try to wear a mask or live in a separate room, and open the window frequently for air at home. Especially for families with two children, it is particularly easy to infect each other.

Question 5: Pneumonia only affects the lungs. Will there be other complications?

Hao Hongwen:Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, its impact on the human body is relatively extensive. The mild pneumonia will gradually recover after a few days of medication, and it will have a greater impact on the severe pneumonia or the pneumonia with long fever time and heavy lung imaging. The common complications are divided into two parts: intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary. The intrapulmonary complications include plastic bronchitis, embolism (which can be independent or combined with other parts), pleural effusion, and some children may be complicated with acute asthma attack and mixed lung infection. Extrapulmonary, including nervous system, circulatory system, blood system, skin, liver damage, kidney damage, etc., among which myocarditis, myocardial damage and liver damage are more common, and in addition, in the nervous system, encephalitis may be common. Skin complications will have some rashes, and the blood system may have some changes in blood cells such as platelets. Each system will also have serious complications, even life-threatening, so we can’t take it lightly.

Question 6: Why did the symptoms get worse after taking cephalosporin from the beginning?

Hao Hongwen:This is because penicillin and cephalosporins play a role by inhibiting the synthesis of cell walls, but when mycoplasma pneumoniae is infected, mycoplasma pneumoniae has no cell walls, so cephalosporins can’t play a role. The use of macrolides such as azithromycin or erythromycin mainly inhibits the synthesis of protein, thus inhibiting the activity of mycoplasma and playing an anti-infection role. Therefore, if mycoplasma pneumoniae is infected, cephalosporins are ineffective. However, some patients may be complicated with bacterial infection and also use cephalosporins.

Question 7: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, how should it be treated?

Hao Hongwen:If it is mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, it is generally divided into mild and severe. Mild pneumonia is treated with macrolides such as azithromycin for three days, which may be extended to five days according to the condition, or cyclic erythromycin and roxithromycin can be used. At the same time, you can use some drugs to relieve cough and phlegm. Traditional Chinese medicine can generally use Shegan Mahuang Decoction and Maxing Shigan Decoction after syndrome differentiation.

Severe mycoplasma pneumonia is mainly treated with azithromycin for 7 days, and then stopped for 3-4 days. According to the situation, a second course of treatment or a third course of treatment may be needed, with cough relieving, phlegm resolving, aerosol inhalation, etc., and anticoagulation treatment if necessary. Chinese medicine can be treated with Maxing Shigan Decoction combined with Sanzi Yangqin Decoction and Huanglian Jiedu Decoction. In this process, if the symptoms are not relieved, fever or severe cough persist, it is necessary to consider whether it belongs to drug resistance, mixed infection or other complications according to the situation, and consider switching to other antibiotics, adding hormones, combining antibiotics, bronchoscopic lavage, immunoglobulin and other treatments. This needs the doctor to decide according to the situation.

Quinolones are the first choice for adult treatment, as well as new tetracyclines.

In short, each patient’s situation is different. Under the guidance of treatment principles, specific problems are analyzed and solved. During the period, children should drink water properly, atomize to dilute sputum, and eat digestible food.

Question 8: Why did you use azithromycin and erythromycin, but your condition still hasn’t improved?

Hao Hongwen:This is because the improvement of the disease is related to the following factors: the first is to feel the virulence of this pathogen, the second is whether our body’s resistance is moderate (too weak or too strong), and the third is whether the drug is resistant. If you feel that the pathogen is more virulent, the child’s immunity is weak or too strong, then the drug is not enough to weaken the pathogen or inhibit the excessive immune response, so even the drug can not quickly inhibit the development of the disease. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia can be divided into mild pneumonia and severe pneumonia, as well as refractory mycoplasma pneumonia. It refers to that after 7 days of treatment with regular macrocyclic lipid antibiotics such as azithromycin, the clinical symptoms and signs or imaging examination have not improved, or other complications have occurred. This year’s guide in 2023 also mentioned "macrolide nonreactive mycoplasma pneumonia", which means that the condition has not improved after 72 hours of treatment with regular macrolide drugs. If drug resistance is considered, new tetracycline drugs such as doxycycline and minocycline can be selected. These drugs are suitable for children over 8 years old, and those under 8 years old are beyond the instructions, which need full evaluation and informed consent of parents. So it is also mycoplasma infection, but the development and changes of the disease are different because of different factors. However, this kind of refractory pneumonia or unresponsive pneumonia is often easy to develop into severe pneumonia. In addition to antibiotic treatment, it is often necessary to cooperate with a variety of therapeutic drugs and means.

Question 9: In the late stage of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, the child has a bad appetite and a persistent cough. What should I do?

Hao Hongwen:Some children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia still have some cough symptoms after 2-3 courses of anti-infection treatment, or at the later stage of disease treatment, the children show poor appetite and cough with persistent phlegm. At this time, considering that there may be airway hyperresponsiveness or other sequelae from western medicine, we can continue to adopt corresponding treatment and atomization. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment also has advantages. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the residual evil is not exhausted and the healthy qi has been injured in the later stage of the disease. Traditional Chinese medicine is used to clear the residual evil and help the healthy qi. At the same time, some other treatments of traditional Chinese medicine, such as cupping and massage, can be used to assist the recovery of pneumonia. (Reporter Yan Yan)

Personal profile:

Deng Jun, male, was born in December 1964. Party member, CPC. Deputy Chief Physician, Associate Professor, Deputy Director of Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital of Chongqing Third Military Medical University, and Master’s Tutor. Master degree.

Medical expertise;

Mainly engaged in clinical and basic research of dermatology, skin laser cosmetology and pigmented dermatosis. He is good at the diagnosis and treatment of pigmented skin diseases such as vitiligo.

Scientific research achievements:

Topic:

1. One general project of the National Natural Fund (experimental study on treatment of vitiligo by reversible immortalized melanocyte transplantation, project approval number 30371299, 2004-2006).

2. Presided over a project managed by the Third Military Medical University (preliminary experimental study of phototherapy for malignant melanoma, 2002-2004).

Results:

1. One third prize for military medical achievements (research and application of autologous transplantation of melanocytes in the treatment of segmental vitiligo, certificateNo.: March 2002-275-1)

Works:

1. Editor-in-Chief < < Laser Beauty and Dermatology Laser Therapy > >/Editor-in-Chief of Tang Jianmin. -Beijing: Military Medical Science Press, April 2000. Chapters 6, 7 and 8, pp. 85-148.

2. Participated in Modern Dermatology and STD Therapy/Ni Rongzhi, edited by Liu Yufeng. -2 Edition.-Beijing: People’s Military Medical Publishing House, 2005.7. (Chapter 11: Skin diseases caused by physical factors, pp. 324-359).

3. Editor-in-Chief < < Beauty Dermatology > >/Zhang Xinjiang, editor-in-chief of Tu Caixia. -Beijing: People’s Military Medical Publishing House, January 2004 (Chapter 13: Viral Dermatosis of Skin, 137-142; Chapter 16 Animal-induced Dermatosis, 162-165)

4. Participate in compiling < < Clinical Dermatology > > edited by Chen Hongduo. (Chapter 12: Warts, Herpes Simplex and Other Viral Infections)

Thesis:

1. A case of malignant histiocytosis with skin lesion. chinese journal of dermatovenereology, 1996; 10（4）：221－222

2. Research progress of anti-idiotypic antibodies in autoimmune diseases. Foreign Medical Dermatology and Venereology, 1996; 22（4）：213-215

3. Regulation of melanocytes. Foreign Journal of Medical Dermatology and Venereology, 1996; 22（6）：334-337

4. Effect of ethyl aromatic verruclate on ultraviolet-induced melanin synthesis in human melanocytes. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 1997; 30（6）：389-391

5. Isolation, culture and identification of human normal skin melanocytes. journal of third military medical university, 1998; 20（4）：S18-S20

6.Versapulse C multi-wavelength laser instrument for the treatment of nevus of OTA. Laser Journal, 2000; 21（2）：70-71

7. Clinical evaluation of Venus VPW532nm laser treatment for nevus flammeus. chongqing medical, 2000; 29（1）：31-32

8. Comparison between Q-shaped alexandrite laser and Q-shaped Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of nevus of OTA. Chinese Journal of Dermatology, 2000; 33（6）：430

9. Clinical analysis of 1882 cases of pigmented nevus of skin treated by laser. journal of third military medical university, 2001; 23（8）：977-978

10. Comparison between Q- switched frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser and Q-switched alexandrite laser in the treatment of freckles. Chinese Journal of Laser Medicine, 2002; 11（2）：102-105

11. 64 cases of laser blepharoplasty. chongqing medical, 2002; 31(4)：307-308

12. Clinical analysis of 952 cases of nevus of OTA. Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2003; 32(12)：707-708

13. A case of lichen planus banded. Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2004; 33(9)：566

14. Killing effect of chlorin e6 photodynamic therapy on human melanoma A-375 cell line. Chinese Journal of Laser Medicine, 2005; 14(6)：354－357

Physical intervention characteristics of photodynamic effect of 15.5- aminovaleric acid on human malignant melanoma cells cultured in vitro. China Clinical Rehabilitation, 2005; 9(10):133-135

16. Expression analysis of IFN-γ inducible protein 30 gene in CD4+T cells of systemic lupus erythematosus. journal of third military medical university, 2006; 28(9)：919-921

17. Observation on the PDT effect of chlorin e6 and 5- aminovaleric acid on malignant melanoma transplanted in nude mice. journal of third military medical university, 2006; 28（16）：1675-1678

18. Acquired skin relaxation. Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2006; 35（12）：755-756

19. A case of basal cell carcinoma occurred after pulsed laser treatment of siltation. Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2007; 36（3）：173

20. Comparison of curative effects of different treatment methods for pigmented nevus of skin. China Cosmetic Medicine, 2007; 16（8）：1094-1096

　　People’s Daily Online, Beijing, July 12 The website of the Supervision Department of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection reported on the 11th that Chang Xiaobing, the former party secretary and chairman of China Telecom Group Company, was expelled from the Party membership and public office, and his disciplinary problems included serious violation of political discipline and interference with the special inspection work of the central government. According to the investigation, since the implementation of the Regulations on Inspection Work in the Communist Party of China (CPC) in August, 2015, except Chang Xiaobing, CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection has notified many officials and units of cases of obstructing and interfering with the central inspection work.

　　Deputy Secretary of the former Party Group of China Southern Airlines Group Corporation,General manager si xianmin

　　Notification time: February 3, 2016

　　Notification content: After investigation, Si Xianmin seriously violated political discipline, interfered with the inspection work, and seriously violated the spirit of the eight central regulations, playing golf with public funds. Serious violation of organizational discipline, failure to truthfully report personal matters as required, serious violation of integrity discipline, accepting gifts and cash gifts, using his authority to seek benefits for others, and his son accepting property and using his authority to seek benefits for relatives’ business activities. Approving the company to pay public funds to others in violation of regulations. Take advantage of his position to seek benefits for others and accept property in business operations. Among them, taking advantage of his position to seek benefits for others and accepting property is suspected of accepting bribes.

　　Zhou Laizhen, former member and deputy director of the Civil Aviation Administration of China

　　Notification time: January 19, 2016

　　Contents of the notification: After investigation, Zhou Laizhen seriously violated political discipline, interfered with and hindered the inspection work, and resisted the organization review; Serious violation of organizational discipline, taking advantage of his position to seek benefits and accept property for others in the selection and appointment of cadres, illegally intervening in personnel arrangements of relevant units, failing to hand in personal passports and truthfully reporting personal matters as required; Seriously violating the discipline of honesty, handing over the expenses that should be paid by individuals to subordinate units or others, accepting gifts and cash gifts, taking advantage of his position to seek benefits for relatives’ business activities, and engaging in power trading; Serious violation of the spirit of the eight central regulations, illegal possession and use of golf cards, acceptance of over-standard public banquets, and acceptance of tours arranged by subordinate units; Seriously violating work discipline and changing the route without authorization during going abroad; Take advantage of his position to seek benefits for others and accept property in business operations. Among them, taking advantage of his position to seek benefits for others and accepting property is suspected of accepting bribes.

　　Deng Qilin, former Party Secretary and Chairman of WISCO Group

　　Notification time: January 8, 2016

　　Contents of the notification: After investigation, Deng Qilin seriously violated political discipline, interfered with and hindered the inspection work, opposed organizational review, and engaged in superstitious activities for a long time; Serious violation of organizational discipline, illegal selection and appointment of cadres, taking advantage of his position to seek benefits and accept property for others in the selection and appointment of cadres, failing to truthfully report personal matters according to regulations, and failing to truthfully explain problems to the organization when talking; Serious violation of integrity discipline, taking advantage of his position to seek benefits for others and accept property in business operations, taking advantage of his position to seek benefits for relatives’ business activities, occupying houses in violation of regulations, receiving bonuses in violation of regulations, and occupying hotel rooms for personal use for a long time; Seriously violate the discipline of the masses, work discipline and life discipline, and trade power and sex. Among them, taking advantage of his position to seek benefits for others and accepting property are suspected of accepting bribes.

　　Hu Zhengming, former director of the Party Committee Office of China Export Credit Insurance Corporation.

　　Notification time: November 21, 2015

　　Informed content: After investigation, Comrade Hu Zhengming interfered with the special inspection work of the company by the Central Inspection Team during its stationing in the company, which constituted a violation of the discipline of the Central Inspection Team and the party’s political discipline. In order to enforce the Party’s discipline, according to the relevant provisions of the Regulations on Patrol Work in the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Regulations on Disciplinary Actions in the Communist Party of China (CPC), Comrade Hu Zhengming was given a serious warning in the Party and transferred from the post of office director of the Party Committee.

　　Wu Changshun, former director of Tianjin Public Security Bureau.

　　Notification time: August 20, 2015

　　The website of the Supervision Department of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection disclosed in the sixth interpretation of the Regulations on Inspection Work in the Communist Party of China (CPC) published on August 20th, 2015 that during the inspection in Tianjin, the Fifth Inspection Team of the Central Committee fought with Wu Changshun, then vice chairman of the Tianjin Municipal Political Consultative Conference and director of the Public Security Bureau, not only to guard against being monitored and leaked information, but also to find ways to ensure the safety of informants.

　　Individual units of China Eastern Airlines Group

　　Notification time: October 18, 2015

　　When the Ninth Inspection Team of the Central Committee gave feedback to China Eastern Airlines Group on the special inspection, it pointed out that some party organizations did not have a strong sense of the party, and the management of the party was not strict. The implementation of the "two responsibility" was not in place, and individual units had to interfere with the inspection work, and individual leaders violated organizational discipline.

　　In January, 2016, when China Eastern Airlines Group Company reported the inspection and rectification, it said that the Party Secretary of a subsidiary that had interfered with the inspection work would be dismissed from his post within the party, and the Party Secretary of the marketing department of the company would be dismissed from his post within the party, subject to administrative demotion. Both of them made written inspections and conducted informed criticism within the group.

　　zhengzhou railway bureau

　　Notification time: August 20, 2015

　　The website of the Supervision Department of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection disclosed in the sixth interpretation of the Regulations on Inspection Work in the Communist Party of China (CPC) published on August 20, 2015 that when the Eighth Inspection Team of the Central Committee went to Zhengzhou Railway Bureau to understand the situation, it asked its office to provide reception accounts. The unit provided a batch of vouchers to the inspection team, including more than 400 vouchers of more than 2,000 yuan and more than 100 vouchers of more than 3,500 yuan. With such a large amount and so many times, how many people eat each meal and what do they eat? The inspection team requested relevant materials. The unit refused to provide it, saying that it could not be found, the work notebook was destroyed and the menu could not be provided. The inspection team found the party secretary and director and asked them to perform their main responsibilities to investigate this. It turns out that all the documents provided earlier are false. It turned out that the reception department knew that the inspection team was coming. In order to cover up the serious extravagance and waste, it was suggested to handle the accounts and break them into parts. A large account was processed into several small accounts, and the relevant business departments were asked to fabricate the eating experience. According to the investigation, they spent more than 13,000 yuan on a meal, and the cost of drinks alone was more than 9,000 yuan.

　　On August 11th, according to the situation and clues discovered by the inspection team, the party group of China Railway Corporation held a video teleconference to report the recent investigation and punishment of 13 mental problems of leading cadres violating the eight central regulations. Among them, Zhang Junbang, former director of Zhengzhou Railway Bureau, was given a serious warning within the party for seriously exceeding the standard of official reception and eating and drinking public funds, and Yang Weijun, secretary of the Party Committee of Zhengzhou Railway Bureau, was given a warning within the party for failing to conscientiously perform the main responsibility of building a clean and honest party style.

　　> > relevant regulations:

Regulations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Municipality on Inspection Work

(August 3, 2015)

　　Thirty-seventh patrol area (unit) and its staff in any of the following circumstances, depending on the seriousness of the case, the main person in charge of the leadership of the area (unit) or other relevant responsible personnel, to give criticism and education, organizational treatment or disciplinary action; Suspected of a crime, transferred to judicial organs according to law:

　　(a) concealing or deliberately providing false information to the inspection team;

　　(2) refusing or failing to provide relevant documents and materials to the inspection team as required;

　　(three) instigating or forcing the relevant units or personnel to interfere with or obstruct the inspection work, or falsely accusing or framing others;

　　(4) refusing to correct the existing problems without justifiable reasons or failing to make rectification as required;

　　(5) Strike, retaliate against or frame up cadres and the masses who reflect the problems;

　　(six) other circumstances that interfere with the inspection work.

????With the rapid development of the Internet, the age of "touching the net" for the first time has dropped, and minors have become "little aborigines" in the online world. However, for minors with poor discrimination and strong imitation ability, the online world has both "poetry and distance" and "tension", which is not always so friendly and even dangerous.

????How to create a clean and sunny cyberspace for minors has become the common concern of many deputies to the NPC and CPPCC this year. They called for the establishment and improvement of the legal system for minors’ network protection as soon as possible, and strengthened the supervision of minors’ network protection. Cyberspace must not be turned into an "extra-legal place" for minors’ protection.

Bad Internet content poisons teenagers.

????According to the 42nd Statistical Report on Internet Development in China issued by China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), as of June 2018, the number of netizens in China was 802 million. Netizens have the largest group of middle school students, accounting for 24.8%, and netizens aged 10 to 19 account for 18.2%.

????"Studies have shown that teenagers aged 12 to 16 are at high risk of Internet addiction." Deputy Zhao Wanping, vice president of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said with concern that at present, some websites, online movies, online videos, etc. contain exciting, violent and pornographic contents, which are imperceptibly "assimilating" and even poisoning teenagers. Their discrimination ability is poor, and it is easy to confuse virtual and reality. Moreover, long-term addiction to the Internet will also lead to children’s health problems such as anxiety and depression, and gradually lose their social communication skills, which is extremely harmful.

????"With the rapid development of the Internet and the rapid rise of mobile apps, the increasingly colorful online communication content has a vital impact on young people in the critical period of the formation of the’ three views’." Representative Kong Tao, secretary of Anhui Provincial Committee of the Communist Youth League, focused his attention on the governance of mobile App.

????Kong Tao analyzed the current chaos of mobile phone apps, and found that some apps have no restrictions on registration, so they can download and register directly and complete the application, treating users directly as adults. The privacy policies of some apps do not mention the protection of minors’ information, and there is a phenomenon of minors’ information leakage. There are also some apps that take the vulgar route, which has a negative impact on the physical and mental health of young people.

????The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Youth Federation believes that there are similar problems in webcasting, especially the low threshold of the live broadcast platform, and a large number of anchors have emerged who rely on vulgar content to earn traffic and gain profits. Teenagers watching this kind of live broadcast will mistakenly think that these behaviors can be famous, profitable and even follow suit.

Lack of corporate responsibility and poor parental supervision

????"Comparing the data in recent years, we can find that the age of minors’ first contact with the Internet continues to decline, and it is not uncommon for teenagers to indulge in the Internet." Zhao Yuping said that in order to protect the network security of minors, it is necessary to identify the lesions.

????Zhao Yuping believes that the lack of corporate responsibility is an important reason for minors to indulge in the Internet. From a technical point of view, enterprises can completely take control measures such as real-name authentication and overtime offline for minors, but in order to attract more users to make profits, some enterprises have opened a "half-door" for minors, making it easy for minors to download and use the product.

????"Social protection is not in place, and many minors are passive in contacting bad information. Statistics show that when browsing the web, the bad information that pops up accounts for more than 70%. " Kong Tao said that at this time, minors will encounter a choice. Will he turn off or continue browsing? Do you want to solve it yourself or tell your parents? For minors who have no mature values and control ability, they are likely to make wrong choices.

????Cui Jianmei, president of Anhui Bengbu First Experimental School, has been engaged in education for many years. In her view, parents also have unshirkable responsibilities because of poor supervision and laissez-faire.

????"Parents’ companionship is the best care for children, but some parents are busy with work and spend too little time with their children, resulting in emptiness in their hearts. Other parents’ educational methods are simple and rude, which may easily lead to children’s dissatisfaction and rebellious psychology, which will lead to children looking for another kind of protection and comfort in the network." Cui Jianmei said that children’s addiction to online family education in Otawa is related to the need to move the focus of education forward, and we can’t wait until we find out that there is something wrong with the children, which is often too late.

Legislation to protect minors’ network security

????Internet is a "double-edged sword" for minors. During the interview, many deputies told reporters that we should not only be alert to the danger of "ambush" in the online world, but also consider the benefits of the network in providing massive knowledge and relaxing leisure. We should not "cut off the network" across the board. The key is to protect the network security of minors and guide them to surf the Internet correctly.

????Zhao Wanping, a number of deputies, unanimously took legislation as a sharp weapon to solve the problem, and suggested that relevant legislative investigations and studies should be carried out quickly, and the Regulations on the Protection of Minors’ Network should be promulgated and implemented as soon as possible, and the Law on the Protection of Minors should be revised, and a special chapter should be added to make provisions on network protection, so as to build a basic legal framework for the protection of minors’ network in China and clarify regulatory responsibilities, protective measures and punishment measures.

????"For the regulatory authorities, it is necessary to implement a review system such as mobile App and online film and television works, and divide different age levels according to the content. It is strictly forbidden for audiences who do not reach the level." Zhao Yuping suggested that for enterprises, it is necessary to implement the real-name authentication system for minors, requiring minors to register their real names and "brush their faces". If the information does not match, it is strictly forbidden to register and log in. It is necessary to strengthen industry self-discipline, ensure that the information and services provided by enterprises are healthy, and consciously block bad information.

????In view of the problem of webcasting, the Youth Federation suggested that there should be a clear prohibition on minors serving as network anchors; Clearly define the anchor access conditions, formulate reasonable application evaluation, and improve the anchor qualification review; Intensify the investigation and punishment of the live broadcast platform that is ineffective in review and supervision and does not deal with illegal content in time; Open the channels for netizens to report bad information.

????With the development of modern teaching methods, "Internet+Education" and artificial intelligence have entered the students’ classroom. Cui Jianmei said that schools should educate and guide students to use the internet correctly and strengthen students’ network literacy education. When building a learning platform for students, we should eliminate interference elements and create a pure learning environment for students. At the same time, we should give full play to the role of the vice president of the rule of law, train students, parents and teachers, improve their awareness of the rule of law and their ability to solve problems on the Internet by using the thinking of the rule of law, and prevent and correct students’ improper online behavior.

????Kong Tao suggested setting up and making good use of "parental supervision mode" and "anti-addiction setting", encouraging more platforms to launch special designs for the protection of minors, and creating green online space for them. At the same time, parents can work with their children to make internet conventions to help them arrange their internet time reasonably. More importantly, they should teach their children to be vigilant when surfing the internet, not to trust netizens, and to inform their parents in time when they are harassed. (Legal Daily reporter Fan Tianjiao)

Since mid-April, Internet platforms such as Weibo, WeChat and Tik Tok have launched the "IP Territorial" function. However, the Red Star Capital Bureau found that behind the "IP territorial" function, there were some gray transactions of false agents.

On May 6th, Red Star Capital Bureau spent 9 yuan to buy a server on the idle fish platform. The merchant said that it could change the user’s IP territory, and it could be used on platforms such as Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and Weibo. Subsequently, the Red Star Capital Bureau found that the use of the server can really change the IP territory, and all domestic provinces and cities can use the address. Some merchants said that it can be changed to an overseas address. "Japan is 20 yuan/month, and other countries and regions are 288 yuan/year."

The Red Star Capital Bureau combed and found that since mid-April, major Internet platforms have launched the "IP Territory" function. This has also caused many bloggers in online celebrity to "roll over", causing heated discussion.

Data data IC photo

Idle fish merchants sell "fake IP territorial" servers

The measured cost can be changed in 9 yuan.

On May 6th, Red Star Capital Bureau found on the idle fish platform that some merchants were selling servers with "fake IP territories", and said that users’ IP territories could be changed by using this server, including platforms in Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and Weibo.

Subsequently, Red Star Capital Bureau spent 9 yuan to purchase the above servers. According to the tutorial given by the merchant, Red Star Capital Bureau downloaded an APP called "Love Acceleration". After registering and logging in, it was found that the "IP Territory" of the mobile phone can be changed to the IP address of the target area, and the addresses of all provinces and cities in China are available.

Before use, the reporter’s Weibo and Tik Tok platform accounts "IP domain" were all displayed as Beijing. After using the server, the reporter randomly selected "Guangdong Province" as the target IP address, and when he opened Weibo for comment, the IP domain immediately became "Guangdong". Similarly, comments in Tik Tok APP are also displayed as "Fujian".

Red Star Capital Bureau commented in Weibo before and after changing IP territory.

Red Star Capital Bureau commented in Tik Tok before and after changing IP territory.

The above-mentioned merchants told the Red Star Capital Bureau that the principle of the "false IP territorial" server is: "Modify the mobile phone IP to the IP of the target area, and apps such as Tik Tok and Weibo will think that you are using it in the target area. You only need to comment a few words to update the IP territorial." The merchant added: "Anyone who used to play games knows this function."

Tianyancha APP shows that the "Love Acceleration" APP, which provides false IP territorial services, was developed by Shanghai Youdun Network Technology Co., Ltd. Its brief introduction shows that this is a static IP proxy software, which uses AES technology to encrypt online data, protect network data transmission and prevent personal information from leaking.

Why does the "Love Acceleration" APP provide services with false IP territories? Red Star Capital Bureau called Shanghai Youdun Network Technology. As of press time, it has not been connected yet.

There is more than one merchant selling the "false IP territorial" service. The Red Star Capital Bureau asked a number of merchants on the idle fish platform, and the other party said that it could be changed. Some merchants said that it can be changed to foreign IP. "Japan is 20 yuan/month, and other countries are 288 yuan/year."

"In the past, I could find a lot of IP territories, but it gradually decreased in the past two days, and I just found that the search keywords were no longer available," the merchant said. The Red Star Capital Bureau found that at present, the idle fish platform is cleaning up these gray transactions. The merchant said that the idle fish has sent him a notice of violation, saying that the goods it released involve prohibited risks and need to be deleted immediately.

Major platforms have successively launched IP territorial functions.

Help maintain the order of cyberspace

The Red Star Capital Bureau combed and found that since mid-April, major Internet platforms have launched the "IP Territory" function.

On April 15, today’s headline announced that in order to maintain a real and orderly discussion atmosphere and reduce bad behaviors such as impersonating parties to hot events, malicious rumors, and smashing traffic, today’s headline plans to show the IP affiliation of the account on the personal homepage and other places, and related functions will be tested in the web version from now on, and will be gradually launched in other scenarios according to the test situation.

Subsequently, Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and Baidu also issued similar announcements, calling for maintaining a real and orderly discussion atmosphere, reducing bad behaviors such as impersonating parties to hot events, malicious rumors, and rubbing traffic. It is planned to display the IP affiliation of accounts on personal homepages and other places, and the related display does not support manual opening or closing.

In addition, Xiaohongshu also released the "Announcement on Displaying the IP Territory of Account on Personal Homepage" on the evening of April 15th. According to the announcement, Xiaohongshu will gradually open this function in order to prevent local netizens from pretending to be hot events. The territorial information displayed is mainly based on the data of network operators, and it is indicated that manual opening or closing is not supported.

At 11: 00 on April 28th, the administrator of Weibo issued an announcement on upgrading the IP territorial function, indicating that Weibo has been committed to maintaining a healthy and orderly discussion atmosphere and safeguarding the rights and interests of users to obtain real and effective information at the first time. In order to reduce bad behaviors such as pretending to be a party to a hot event, malicious rumors, and rubbing traffic, and to ensure the authenticity and transparency of the content, the station launched the "IP Territorial" function of users in March this year.

Weibo said that in order to further protect the rights and interests of users and enhance the user experience, the station will upgrade its products and launch new functions on April 28th, including the small tail function of commenting on IP territories with full open comments and the function of "displaying IP territories on the first-level page of personal homepage".

On April 29th, WeChat Coral Security WeChat official account issued an announcement: In order to maintain the order of network communication and further crack down on counterfeiting, spreading rumors and rumors, the WeChat public platform will display the IP address of users when publishing content.

On the morning of April 30th, Zhihu’s official account issued an announcement showing the IP territory of users. Zhihu said, in response to some questions in the station before, the function of displaying IP address will be further upgraded. Zhihu said that the display of IP address territorial information in the "comment reply" in the comment area has been improved, and the IP address territorial information will be fully displayed in the comment area.

The Workers’ Daily commented that the change from "no display" to "display" of IP territory is a major change. To a certain extent, this strengthens the correlation between the network ID and the real identity of netizens, raises the threshold of responsibility for network voice, and can encourage some netizens to be more cautious before tapping the keyboard.

Many online celebrity bloggers "overturned"

Overseas bloggers’ IP territories are actually in China.

Previously, major network platforms showed that the IP territorial function was online, which caused many bloggers in online celebrity to "roll over" and triggered a round of controversy. Many big V’s certified as "local information bloggers" and "overseas information bloggers" have the situation that the IP territory does not match the data address.

In Weibo, the IP addresses of many overseas information bloggers are displayed in a certain province in China, which makes netizens call it "rollover".

Take the United States as an example, from @ American obstetrician to @ American Ivy Spice Girl and @ American Rabbit Mom, their IP territories are in Shanghai, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Jiangsu Province. In the information filled in by the above three bloggers Weibo, the addresses are basically "overseas" and "overseas America".

Let’s take a look at the bloggers with "Russia" in Weibo ID, @ Russia Shijunjun, @ Russia Peterjun and @ Crazy Russia. All three bloggers are certified as "local bloggers" and "overseas information bloggers (Russia)". In the Weibo information they filled in, the addresses are all "overseas" or "overseas Russian", but the IP territories show that these three people are in Guangdong, Liaoning and Beijing respectively.

On the other hand, the Red Star Capital Bureau found that this situation is not unique to overseas bloggers. Some local information bloggers with the names of domestic cities in their Weibo IDs are located in Hunan Province instead of this city.

Some netizens quipped, "Opening IP territories has become a pain in the hearts of local bloggers …" "It seems that the end of the universe is Hunan."

At that time, Red Star Capital Bureau interviewed the relevant person in charge of Weibo, and the other party said that this situation or centralized commercial operation of information accounts was very common.

The person in charge also introduced that the display of IP attribution actually reflects the true degree of online speech of real-life accounts. The main consideration is to "reduce bad behaviors such as pretending to be a hot event party, malicious rumors, and traffic; Ensure that when hot events happen, the content is true and transparent. The fundamental purpose is to enhance the authenticity of the statements made by users of Weibo Platform. This series of actions is the performance of Weibo as a social media platform and as a public opinion field to actively fulfill the responsibility of the corporate main responsibility platform. "

Red Star Capital Bureau pays attention to all news of listed companies.

Welcome to report, private letter Xiaobian!

Original title: "It is measured that 9 yuan can buy the" false IP territorial "service, and domestic and foreign addresses can be faked."

Read the original text

　　[News] Just now, the auto market has just experienced a wave of new car listings, and May was relatively calm. However, there are also many brand-new cars that didn’t "join in the fun" at the auto show. The new cars listed this month include the new H8 and a series of new cars of China brand, which originated from Italian personality and were born and raised in Italy. In terms of quantity, China brand new cars were the main force in May, while in terms of attention and influence, it seems that overseas brands are more like protagonists. Let’s take a look.

■ Alfa Romeo Stelvio

　　The Alfa Romeo Stelvio ordinary model has just been exhibited at the Shanghai Auto Show, and its domestic price is expected to be announced on May 18th, with an estimated price of 430,000 yuan.

　　The front face of the new car adopts Alfa Romeo’s family-style front face, and the grille arranged in scales is used inside the air intake. The shape of the headlights on both sides is similar to that of the new one, but some changes have been made on the basis of the latter to make it more dynamic.

　　As a regular model, the car did not use a bilateral four-outlet exhaust layout that showed performance, but instead used a bilateral two-outlet exhaust layout with chrome decoration. At the same time, the silver Alfa Romeo Stelvio 2017 basic color guard at the back also adds a touch of wildness.

　　Compared with the previous high-performance models, the design of Stelvio regular model has not changed much, but its interior does not use a lot of carbon fiber materials. At the same time, although the style of the steering wheel of the new car has not changed, the leather material wrapped outside is more low-key, but the design of flat bottom+thin spokes+one-button start is still very avant-garde and sporty. In addition, shift paddles, central control large screen and double-tube instruments are also equipped on the new car.

　　In terms of power, Stelvio Normal Edition is equipped with a 2.0T inline four-cylinder with a maximum power of 280 HP and a peak value of 400 Nm. The transmission system is matched with an 8-speed automatic manual transmission, and a four-wheel drive system is standard. Driven by this powertrain, the official 0-100km/h acceleration time of the new car is 5.7 seconds.

Editor’s comment:

　　Alfa Romeo Stelvio’s unique style is unique in the same class, and SUVs from Italy are relatively rare in the market, which has a strong sense of freshness for consumers. The performance of the new car is also remarkable. The power parameters of the 2.0T engine used are in the forefront of the same class. The official acceleration of 5.7 seconds should be said to be a faster type in SUV, and the performance is worth looking forward to. The new car is suitable for young consumers who have certain requirements for power handling performance and like to be different and show their individuality.

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■ T700

　　Zotye T700 was officially released at the Shanghai Auto Show, and will be officially launched in May. In the early stage, 1.8T and 2.0T versions were listed, and only 5 seats were available. At the end of 2017, the 2.0T version of SAIC will also be launched, and the 4-seat version and 7-seat version will also be launched.

　　In terms of appearance, Zotye T700 retains the original design style, and at the same time, some details are adjusted, such as the more conventional design of the exterior rearview mirror. The new car door pillar is painted in black to create a suspended roof effect, and the lines are very tough. In addition, the new car is also equipped with a set of simple double five-spoke wheels, and the headlights are also equipped.

　　For the interior, Zotye T700 is equipped with a large-size central control LCD screen, a three-spoke, all-LCD display instrument panel, shift paddles, and a knob shift mechanism. In the storage compartment in front of the gear shifting mechanism, the new car is also equipped with a mobile phone wireless charging function, and drivers and passengers can put the mobile phone supporting the wireless charging function in the storage compartment to charge at any time.

　　In terms of configuration, Zotye T700 is equipped with:/ventilation,,, and rear row, etc., and the configuration is quite rich.

　　In terms of power, Zotye T700 will be equipped with 1.8T and two 2.0T engines, of which the 1.8T engine has a maximum power of 177 HP and a peak torque of 245 Nm. Mitsubishi S4T 2.0T engine has a maximum power of 190 HP and a peak torque of 250 Nm. The maximum power of SAIC 2.0T direct injection engine is 220 HP and the peak torque is 350 Nm. In terms of transmission system, the 1.8T engine is matched with 5-speed manual or 6-speed; The two 2.0T engines are matched with 6-speed dual-clutch gearboxes.

Edit comments：

　　Zotye T700 positioning, at least, looks imposing enough. The design also adopts the style of wide air intake grille and slender headlights. Although we can learn from the design of mature products in the market in many details, we can see that there are signs of originality in the overall style. Naturally, there is no need to worry that Zotye’s models will be inferior to competing products of the same level. The large-size central control screen, full LCD instrument panel and knob shift mechanism have all enhanced the sense of technology in the car. In terms of power configuration, it also looks like the mainstream models at the same level. The 1.8T and 2.0T engines do not lose competing products at the same level in terms of parameters. Although Zotye T700 is listed later than GS8 and other competing products, its configuration is not inferior, and it is expected to adopt the strategy of low price and high allocation to impact the market at a lower price.

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■ S7

　　Jianghuai Ruifeng S7 is expected to be officially launched in May this year. The pre-sale price of the new car was announced at the Shanghai Auto Show. The new car is equipped with 1.5T and 2.0T engines, and its pre-sale price range is 109.8-151.8 million yuan. At present, new cars begin to accept reservations, and orders made during the pre-sale period can enjoy the policy of lifetime warranty, and there are concessions such as upgrading 5 seats to 7 seats.

　　In terms of appearance, the overall design of Ruifeng S7 is eye-catching, the irregular air intake grille is the biggest highlight, the Aquarius design is a new family style, and the chrome trim connected with headlights is also the mainstream of current design. A large number of sharp lines are also used at the rear of the car, and the exhaust design of both sides enhances the sports atmosphere. In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new models are 4790/1900/1760mm and 2750mm respectively.

　　In terms of interior design, the style of Ruifeng S7 can be seen in the series style, especially the center console part and the circular air outlet design. In terms of power, 1.5T and 2.0T engines will be provided. The maximum power of 1.5T engine is 174 HP and the peak torque is 251 Nm; the maximum power of 2.0T engine is 190 HP and the peak torque is 300 Nm. Both engines will be equipped with 6-speed and 6-speed dual clutch gearboxes.

Editor’s comment:

　　Ruifeng S7 seats are basically at the middle level of the same class in terms of body size, and 7-seat models are provided at the same time, which are basically the same as the same class models in configuration. From the pre-sale price, Ruifeng S7 is basically close to the price one level lower, with low price advantage in the same level, configuration and space advantage in the same price range, and it has gained a place in the market between compact and medium-sized SUVs by dislocation competition. Ruifeng S7 is suitable for consumers who pay attention to large space and high cost performance, and it is one of the few medium-sized SUVs in the price range below 150,000.