Various rumors about instant noodles, such as carcinogenicity and toxic packaging, have never stopped on the Internet. Instant noodles have been questioned from the inside out, from the high oil content, unhealthy preservatives and additives, to the fact that the "wax" on instant noodles in bowls will adhere to the stomach wall.

　　Today, Qian reported to an authoritative expert in related fields to prove one thing — — Is instant noodles junk food?

　　Palm oil, preservatives and additives

　　Are instant noodles junk food because of them?

　　Many people classify instant noodles as junk food, largely because of palm oil, preservatives and additives in the ingredient list.

　　Let’s start with palm oil.

　　It is rumored that palm oil in instant noodles has the worst quality among vegetable oils. Long-term consumption will lead to excessive intake of saturated fatty acids in human serum, which will lead to the increase of cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein, thus causing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which is not conducive to human health.

　　Fan Zhihong, an associate professor in the Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science, China Agricultural University, and a doctor of food science and director of China Nutrition Society, explained that palm oil is relatively high in saturated fatty acids and has good frying stability and oxidation stability. The national standard stipulates that the acid value of edible frying oil should not exceed 5%, and the standards of some enterprises are far higher than this standard. "Some studies show that palm oil and olive oil have the same regulatory effect on human blood lipids, and saturated fatty acids are not related to death caused by heart disease, ischemia and type 2 diabetes."

　　Let me talk about preservatives.

　　The function of food preservatives is to inhibit the reproduction of microorganisms such as bacteria and molds. If the food itself does not contain bacteria or mold, there is no need for preservatives. "Instant noodles have been fried and dried by hot air, and the water that can be used by microorganisms has been removed, so even without preservatives, it will never rot, unless it is wet again in storage, it is possible to grow mildew." Fan Zhihong said that it is true that the advertisement for instant noodles mentioned "no preservatives".

　　Finally, additives.

　　"There must be food additives in instant noodles, such as antioxidants. However, as long as the additives meet the national standards, they will not have such a strong impact on human health. Otherwise, many things sold can’t be eaten. " Fan Zhihong said.

　　Professor Wang Huiming, director of the Department of Food Science and Engineering of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, also said that the price of instant noodles is not high, so it is not necessary to put a lot of additives.

　　Is instant noodles indigestible and carcinogenic?

　　Eating spicy instant noodles for a long time is easy to get gastric ulcer.

　　In many rumors, instant noodles are not easy to digest and easy to cause cancer, which is the most alarmist. What is the fact?

　　Is instant noodles not easy to digest?

　　Wang Huiming attacked this view in a more straightforward way. "Almost everyone has eaten instant noodles, a bag or a bowl, and basically they will feel very full. Not long after, I will feel hungry again. Does this digestive ability need to be questioned? "

　　On September 9th, Professor Shen Qun from the College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering of China Agricultural University expressed his attitude at the "Conference on the Rumor of Convenient Foods" sponsored by Xinhuanet China Food Rumor Alliance and chinese institute of food science and technology. Through the research experiment of opposite millet flour and raw wheat flour, it was found that the fast digestible starch can be digested in human body in only 20 minutes, while the slow digestible starch takes 2 hours to digest, and the digestion speed of heated millet flour and wheat flour increases. The raw materials of instant noodles and cakes are mainly millet flour and wheat flour.

　　Is instant noodles carcinogenic?

　　Another rumor that instant noodles cause cancer says: "Starch will produce a harmful substance called acrylamide after being operated at high temperature above 120℃, and relevant organizations have said that this substance has potential cancer risk to human body."

　　In fact, the acrylamide content in both the former instant noodles and the present non-fried instant noodles is very low.

　　Yang Jianfeng, deputy chief physician of the Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, said that the occurrence of cancer is caused by a combination of factors, including genes, environment, diet and so on. "There have been reports before that some people have suffered from stomach cancer by eating instant noodles continuously. In fact, there is no direct basis for this. Maybe this person happens to be a high-risk group. " He said.

　　However, he also said that long-term consumption of spicy instant noodles will stimulate the gastrointestinal tract, and in severe cases, it will cause gastric ulcer, which is medically justified.

　　"Wax" on the Packaging of Barreled Instant Noodles

　　Will it adhere to the stomach and intestines?

　　The packaging of barreled instant noodles is also the focus of everyone’s questioning. "A layer of wax is attached to the instant noodle bowl. Because the stomach can’t digest wax, it will adhere to the stomach wall. "

　　The engineer surnamed Huang from Zhejiang Quality Supervision Bureau told the truth. Instant noodle bowls are generally made of paper. To be more professional, they are coated paper and cardboard with a layer of film. Such a package must have water resistance, even if it is filled with hot water at 95℃, it can’t leak.

　　"Under normal circumstances, the paper for making instant noodle bowls is all new paper. If it is made of waste paper, the color will be yellow and dark. In order to ensure the appearance, fluorescent agents will be used, which is forbidden in food packaging. If it is found in daily monitoring, we will ban it in time."

　　The film that feels like wax is mainly made of polyethylene, a kind of plastic, which is insoluble in water and will not enter the stomach.

　　"For all instant noodle packaging manufacturers, whether it is the production of cardboard or film, they need a license and will be supervised by the regulatory authorities." Huang Gong said that in the daily spot check, after all, very few problems were found.

　　Instant noodles are a competent staple food

　　It is unhealthy, and it is true in three aspects.

　　In Fan Zhihong’s view, "as a staple food, instant noodles are competent. It is a good energy food. In some emergencies, such as travel, field, disaster relief or emergency rescue, instant noodles can temporarily replenish energy for people and save lives. "

　　By comparison, the main components of a qualified fried instant noodle are roughly as follows: 100 grams of instant noodles contain 8 grams of water, 9 grams of protein, 20 grams of fat, 3 grams of minerals (including 2 grams of salt), 1 gram of dietary fiber, and about 59 grams of digestible carbohydrates (starch). According to the calculation, its total energy output is 452 kilocalories. Eating 100 grams of instant noodles, compared with the same weight of millet porridge (less than 50 kcal /100 grams), full-fat sweetened yogurt (90 kcal /100 grams), baked sweet potato (about 100 kcal /100 grams) and other foods, fried instant noodles contain much more energy, which is of course easy to make people full.

　　In fact, the unhealthy instant noodles lie in three points:

　　Low fat content is too high.

　　Fan Zhihong explained in detail: The oil content in the fried instant noodles is usually 18%~24%, and the protein content is 8%~10%. Except for water, minerals and dietary fiber, the rest is starch.

　　The first ingredient in the package is fat. If it is a sauce bag, the oil content exceeds 50%; If it is an oil package, it is usually more than 95% fat, but mainly unsaturated fat. Among the powder packets, there are too much salt and a lot of flavor agents without exception.

　　● Uneven nutrition

　　"Although, in a pack of instant noodles, there are basic fats, protein and carbohydrates, but it is not balanced, with too much fat and too little protein. In addition, the content of trace elements is also very small, and it is definitely not possible to eat for a long time. " Wang Huiming said.

　　Professor Meng Yuecheng, director of the food engineering department of Zhejiang Gongshang University, said: "The human body needs more than 40 kinds of nutrients every day. Are there vitamins, minerals and trace elements in instant noodles?" He further explained that there are B vitamins in wheat grains, but there is not much left after frying.

　　Low salt content in seasoning bag is high.

　　"The sodium content in a pack of instant noodles is enough to meet a person’s sodium intake for a whole day. In other words, a bag of instant noodles allows you to eat the salt in three meals in a few minutes. " Yang Jianfeng said. According to a large sample survey, people who eat pickled products and high-salt products for a long time and eat less green food have a higher probability of developing gastric cancer than those who eat a light diet.

　　Zhang Pianhong, director of the Nutrition Society of China and director of the Nutrition Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, concluded: "Instant noodles are not junk food, but eating them for a long time will cause malnutrition."

No.34 [2013] of Beijing Medical Insurance

District and county medical insurance agencies, designated medical institutions and relevant units:

　　In order to facilitate Beijing maternity insurance employees to seek medical treatment and simplify the settlement process, it is decided through research that Beijing maternity insurance employees will be included in the social security card (hereinafter referred to as social security card) medical treatment management system, and relevant issues are hereby notified as follows:

　　First, outpatient medical treatment and settlement

　　Maternity insurance insured workers to carry out prenatal examination and outpatient family planning surgery, the need for full settlement of medical expenses with designated medical institutions, and keep the relevant settlement documents and supporting materials.

　　Maternity insurance employees should submit the relevant settlement documents and supporting materials to the unit where they work. After summarizing the documents that meet the reimbursement policy, the unit will report the expenses to the medical insurance agencies in the districts and counties where the unit is insured in accordance with relevant regulations.

　　Second, hospitalization and settlement

　　(a) maternity insurance employees holding social security cards in hospital, according to the following requirements:

　　1, maternity insurance employees who have issued social security cards should take the initiative to show their social security cards when they are hospitalized. Designated medical institutions with social security cards to check whether maternity insurance insured workers enjoy treatment. For maternity insurance employees who enjoy the benefits, designated medical institutions should use social security cards to complete admission registration on the day of admission. If it is necessary to cancel the admission registration for some reason, the social security card must be used in time.

　　2, maternity insurance insured workers to social security card settlement of medical expenses, designated medical institutions should be to enjoy the treatment of maternity insurance insured workers to advance the medical expenses paid by the maternity insurance fund, to maternity insurance insured workers to collect personal expenses payable, and for maternity insurance insured workers to issue relevant settlement documents.

　　(Failure) 3. Designated medical institutions should upload the settlement data to the maternity insurance information system through the network or offer within 48 hours after completing the settlement.

　　(Invalidation) 4. For the data that have been successfully put into storage, the designated medical institutions can print the Beijing Maternity Insurance Hospitalization Medical Expenses Declaration and Settlement Summary Sheet and other related forms, and report the expenses to the district and county medical insurance agencies to which the designated medical institutions belong within 7 working days from the date of settlement.

　　5, due to the failure of the designated medical institutions information system, resulting in maternity insurance insured workers can not hold the social security card for normal settlement, related expenses to be recovered by the designated medical institutions to re-settle the maternity insurance insured workers.

　　6, maternity insurance insured workers for refund, must hold the social security card and settlement documents to the designated medical institutions for expenses.

　　(two) maternity insurance workers did not send social security cards or social security cards have been lost (damaged), application or replacement of social security cards during hospitalization, according to the following requirements:

　　1, maternity insurance insured workers should hold the "new and fill (change) social security card card certificate" (hereinafter referred to as the "card certificate") in the hospital. Designated medical institutions with the "card certificate" query maternity insurance insured workers enjoy treatment. For the maternity insurance insured workers who enjoy the benefits, the designated medical institutions should use the "Card Certificate" to complete the admission registration on the day of admission. If it is necessary to cancel the admission registration for some reason, it must be handled in a timely manner by using the Certificate of Getting a Card.

　　2, maternity insurance insured workers to the "card certificate" settlement of medical expenses, designated medical institutions should enjoy the treatment of maternity insurance insured workers to advance medical expenses paid by the maternity insurance fund, to maternity insurance insured workers to collect personal expenses, and for maternity insurance insured workers issued relevant settlement documents.

　　3, designated medical institutions should be within 48 hours after the completion of the settlement, through the network or offer to upload the settlement data to the maternity insurance information system.

　　4. For the data that have been successfully put into storage, the designated medical institutions can print the Summary Form of Beijing Maternity Insurance Hospitalization Medical Expenses Declaration and Settlement and other related forms, and report the expenses to the district and county medical insurance agencies to which the designated medical institutions belong within 7 working days from the date of settlement.

　　5, due to the failure of the designated medical institutions information system, resulting in maternity insurance insured workers can not hold the social security card for normal settlement, related expenses to be recovered by the designated medical institutions to re-settle the maternity insurance insured workers.

　　6, maternity insurance insured workers for refund, can hold the social security card or "card certificate" and settlement documents to the designated medical institutions for the expenses incurred.

　　(three) maternity insurance workers without social security card emergency hospitalization, hospitalization in different places, etc., according to the following requirements:

　　1, maternity insurance insured workers due to emergency hospitalization, hospitalization in different places, etc., can not hold social security card real-time settlement, the medical expenses incurred by maternity insurance insured workers and designated medical institutions in full settlement, maternity insurance insured workers should keep the relevant settlement documents and supporting materials.

　　2, maternity insurance employees should submit the relevant settlement documents and proof materials to the unit, the unit will meet the reimbursement policy documents after the summary, in accordance with the relevant provisions to the medical insurance agencies in the insured areas and counties to declare expenses.

　　Three, the county medical insurance agencies audit payment of maternity insurance medical expenses, according to the following requirements:

　　(a) the county medical insurance agencies shall conduct audit and settlement in accordance with the requirements of the maternity insurance medical expenses audit and settlement norms. For the paid medical expenses, the district and county medical insurance agencies should provide various payment details and refusal details for the designated medical institutions and the units where the maternity insurance insured employees work, and print the payment notice, and then transfer it to the social insurance fund management center at the same level with the seal of the district and county agencies.

　　(II) If it is really necessary to recover the paid medical expenses after verification, the county medical insurance agency shall fill out the Notice of Beijing Maternity Insurance Medical Expenses Recovery (in duplicate), one of which is used to inform the recovered unit or individual, and the other is retained by the county medical insurance agency. At the same time, the county medical insurance agencies should input the recovery information into the maternity insurance information system, and transmit it to the social insurance fund management center at the same level together with other medical expense information and payment notice.

　　(III) If it is really necessary to supplement the paid medical expenses after verification, the designated medical institution or the unit where the maternity insurance insured employees work shall fill in the Approval Form for Supplementary Medical Expenses of Beijing Maternity Insurance, and after the examination and approval of the district and county medical insurance agencies, the supplementary information shall be entered into the maternity insurance information system and transmitted to the social insurance fund management center at the same level together with other payable medical expenses information and payment notices.

　　Attachment: 1. Materials to be provided by designated medical institutions for real-time settlement of hospitalization medical expenses with social security card or "Certificate of Receiving Card" for employees participating in maternity insurance.

　　2 designated medical institutions for maternity insurance insured workers full settlement of medical expenses to provide materials.

　　3 designated medical institutions to the medical insurance agencies to declare maternity insurance medical expenses required to provide materials.

　　4 Beijing maternity insurance medical expenses supplement approval form

　　5 units to the medical insurance agencies to declare maternity insurance medical expenses required to provide materials.

　　6 medical insurance agencies to provide materials after the audit settlement of maternity insurance insured workers’ medical expenses.

　　7 Beijing maternity insurance medical expenses recovery notice

Beijing Medical Insurance Affairs Management Center　　　　

December 5, 2013　　

　　(This document is made public upon application)

　　Annex 1

　　Annex 2

　　Annex 3

　　Annex 4

　　Annex 5

　　Annex 6

　　Annex 7

New poster

1905 movie network news 　China’s first panoramic sound nature film "Heron World" will officially land in the national cinema on January 1st. The film lasted for five years and was well-made. It is a sincere nature blockbuster and a milestone of nature films in China. Fans have said: It’s time to top the Chinese people’s own masterpieces. The film takes place in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in China, and tells the true life story of a young heron "Zeyi" who survived various dangers in nature. Heron, commonly known as "Laodeng", is known for its great patience. Director Sun Ning, following "The Big Swan", is another masterpiece that he persisted in for five years, and it is also a hot choice for family to watch movies on New Year’s Day.

　

Aspect 1: Respect for maternal love leads to growth, and nature writes the chapter of life.

Walking into the world of birds, you will find that they also have rich lives and emotions. This is not personification, but that we pay too little attention to and get close to nature. The commentary of Heron World is full of literary flavor, which makes people feel cordial and moved, while the warm maternal love easily reminds the audience of their mother. This kind of growth from shallow to deep, through the growth of the little heron, makes people feel the hardships of reality, which can be regarded as a living parent-child lesson.

"Being alive is the premise of pursuing your dreams." In the film, Zeyi’s mother, Lu Ping, sticks to her mother’s post and shoulders the heavy responsibility of raising Zeyi. However, the mother’s wings were injured and broken, and she could only die. Zeichi, who lost his mother, can only face this beautiful and cruel world alone. This may be the pain of growing up. In the most unbearable pain of separation, Zeyi must face the choice of survival of the fittest in nature, and must face the departure of his parents and his independent viability. The motherly love of no species, the hardships of growing up and the fear of life shown in the film are also the most touched places for the audience so far.

　

Aspect 2: The cliff nests in a desperate place to survive, and the heron’s rare living state is exposed.

"Heron World" is the first time at home and abroad to show a panoramic view of the living conditions of herons, and it is also the first time that the audience can get a close look at the living habits of herons from the first perspective. In the film, herons choose to build their nests on cliffs, which is a big challenge to the survival of their own species while avoiding natural enemies. The protagonist "Zeyi" in the film has gradually grown into an experienced adult heron from incubation to childhood, and the hardships, frustrations, bitterness and happiness experienced in the process of homesickness, leaving home, returning home and getting married are believed to be enough to catch the attention of the audience.

　

Aspect 3: Herons gather in groups of birds, and the picture of bird survival in the Yellow River wetland is first shown on the big screen.

When talking about the original intention of "Heron World", director Sun Ning said that herons had attracted the director’s attention as early as the filming of "Big Swan". At that time, some accompanying birds near the habitat of the big swan were photographed, and the heron was the most distinctive one.

It is reported that the film not only shows the living conditions of herons in an all-round way, but also shows other symbiotic birds living in the middle reaches of the Yellow River to varying degrees, including the well-known egrets and magpies, as well as bird species that are not familiar to the public, such as the Golden Orbiter, the Partridge, Dai Sheng, etc. All kinds of birds are different in shape, smart and beautiful, and full of vitality, which has formed a distinct personality with the heron group, the protagonist of the film. This is the first time in China and even in the world that the big screen presents the living conditions of wetland birds in the middle reaches of the Yellow River intuitively and comprehensively, which can be described as "a complete picture of regional bird survival"!

　

Aspect 4: Excellent panoramic sound production, brand-new audio-visual feast.

The film "Heron World" adopts panoramic sound technology for the first time, which is the first time among natural films in China. Dolby Panoramic Sound is a 3D surround sound technology published by Dolby Laboratories in April, 2012. This new technology can present the contents of 64 independent speakers and send up to 128 channels or objects at the same time. Panoramic sound breaks through the traditional concepts of 5.1 and 7.1 channels, and can present dynamic sound effects in combination with sound objects. Through the transformation of production source and playback, professional cinemas and home cinemas can realize 360 sound field, which is very close to "natural sound" and enhance the audience’s on-the-spot experience. When Heron World is officially released, the audience will feel the shocking audio-visual effect in the cinema.

　

Aspect 5: five years of ingenuity, has long been famous at home and abroad.

"Heron World" started shooting in 2015, which lasted for five years. Director Sun Ning took the shooting team to shoot on the cliffs, challenging the cold and hot summer, and the difficulty of shooting was self-evident. Director Sun Ning said that documentary people are especially like herons, and in order to make a satisfactory work, they must be able to endure loneliness. Heron is commonly known as "Laodeng". In order to catch a fish that can stand in one place for five or six hours, the filming team of Heron World sometimes works more than 15 hours a day in order to capture useful materials. Relying on the love of documentary creation, the material is accumulated bit by bit year by year until the story is formed. This is a dialogue between the creation of "old" and the nature of "old". And this story about maternal love and growth was awarded the honor of "special contribution" at the 47th International Emmy Awards Ceremony. The jury thinks that the film is beautiful in picture, complete in story, unique in structure, intelligent in audio-visual language and unique in China’s emotional characteristics. The recognition of "Heron World" by the jury shows that high-quality domestic natural films can also go abroad, gain a good reputation and make a sound internationally. Cultural self-confidence comes from our high-quality works. "Heron World" is awesome!

"As long as you don’t give up hope, all the hardships you encounter in life will eventually be repaid with beauty", which is the enlightenment of Heron World. On January 1, 2020, a "heron" is warm!

WeChat official account, Nov. 10, 2021: The new Patent Law, which came into effect on June 1, 2021, added a dispute resolution mechanism for patents related to drugs applied for registration. In this regard, National Medical Products Administration and China National Intellectual Property Administration issued the Measures for the Implementation of the Early Resolution Mechanism of Drug Patent Disputes (Trial). The Supreme People’s Court also issued the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in the Trial of Civil Cases of Patent Disputes Related to Drugs Applying for Registration, which stipulated the specific contents of the dispute settlement mechanism and determined that the Beijing Intellectual Property Court had centralized jurisdiction over such cases. The civil cases of patent disputes related to drugs applied for registration are commonly referred to as "drug patent link" cases in the industry.

Recently, Beijing Intellectual Property Court accepted the first case of this type after the implementation of the new patent law.

The plaintiff of the case, Sino-foreign Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., claimed that it was the holder of the marketing license of the patented drug "Aidit calcitol soft capsule" and the patentee of the China invention patent with the patent number of 2005800098777.6 and the name of "ED-71 preparation" involved in this drug. The plaintiff found that Wenzhou Haihe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., the defendant, applied to the State Drug Administration for the listing license of generic drugs named "Aidit Calcineol Soft Capsule". The public information of China listed drug patent information registration platform shows that the defendant made a Class 4.2 statement about the generic drug. Therefore, the plaintiff filed a drug patent linking lawsuit with the Beijing Intellectual Property Court in accordance with Article 76 of the new Patent Law, requesting the court to confirm that the generic drug "Aidit calcitol soft capsule" applied for registration by the defendant falls within the patent protection scope of the invention patent No.2005800098777.6 enjoyed by the plaintiff. The Beijing Intellectual Property Court considered that the plaintiff’s lawsuit met the requirements of the prosecution conditions of drug patent link litigation and registered it according to law.

At present, the case is under further investigation.

The picture shows the routine briefing of the State Council policy.

By 2035, China will become a world-class intellectual property power. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the construction of a strong intellectual property country. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a series of important instructions, and personally deployed and formulated the Outline of Building a Powerful Intellectual Property Country (2021-2035), which drew a grand blueprint for building a powerful intellectual property country. On the afternoon of October 31st, the State Council held the fourth special study with the theme of "deeply implementing the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property rights, effectively supporting innovation-driven development". Premier Li Qiang presided over the study and made an important speech, emphasizing the need to thoroughly study and implement the important exposition and guiding spirit of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on intellectual property work, accelerate the construction of a strong country with intellectual property rights, better serve and build a new development pattern and promote high-quality development. Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang and other the State Council leaders also made clear demands. At the same time, recently, the the State Council executive meeting intensively deliberated and adopted the Special Action Plan for Patent Transformation and Application (2023-2025) and the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (Revised Draft) and other important documents and regulations, made arrangements for relevant work, and played a set of "combination boxing" in the field of intellectual property rights.

What progress has been made in building a strong intellectual property country? On November 8, the State Council Press Office held a routine briefing on the State Council policy, introducing the situation of accelerating the construction of a strong intellectual property country and effectively supporting innovation-driven development.

Strengthen the legal protection of intellectual property rights

Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized strengthening the legal protection of intellectual property rights and forming a basic system to support all-round innovation.

"China National Intellectual Property Administration continues to strengthen legislation and strengthen the protection of the rule of law. Timely revise and improve the legal system of intellectual property rights, fill the gaps in intellectual property legislation, and refine various system provisions. In particular, accelerate the establishment of intellectual property protection rules for new fields and new formats, and lay a solid institutional foundation for opening up a new track for industrial development. " China National Intellectual Property Administration director Shen Changyu said.

Recently, the executive meeting of the State Council deliberated and passed the detailed rules for the implementation of the Patent Law (revised draft), which attracted wide attention from all walks of life. Zhang Peng, Director of the Department of Treaty and Law of China National Intellectual Property Administration, introduced that this revision has implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on strengthening intellectual property protection, and further improved the level of patent creation, utilization, protection, management and service in China. At the same time, this revision also highlights the characteristics of refining and perfecting relevant systems in accordance with the revised patent law, maintaining the consistency and stability of the patent system, making a good connection with relevant international treaties that China has joined, actively implementing international treaty obligations, and further integrating into international rules.

"Specifically, the revision mainly involves five aspects. First, improve the patent application system to facilitate applicants and innovative subjects; The second is to improve the patent examination system and improve the quality of patent examination; Third, strengthen patent administrative protection and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of patentees; Fourth, strengthen patent public service and promote the transformation and application of patents; The fifth is to add special provisions for international applications for design and strengthen the connection with The Hague Agreement. " Zhang Peng said.

The fourth revision of the Patent Law added the relevant provisions that the patent administrative department of the State Council can handle patent infringement disputes with great influence in the whole country. In June, 2021, China National Intellectual Property Administration issued the Measures for Administrative Adjudication of Major Patent Infringement Disputes and the announcement of accepting cases, and officially started the administrative adjudication of major patent infringement disputes.

At the briefing, Zhang Zhicheng, Director of the Intellectual Property Protection Department of China National Intellectual Property Administration, introduced the latest progress in this work. Up to now, China National Intellectual Property Administration has accepted and concluded two batches of 12 administrative adjudication cases of major patent infringement disputes. This year, China National Intellectual Property Administration handled the second batch of 10 cases involving standard essential patents in the field of information and communication according to laws and regulations, and finally the two parties involved reached a patent cross-licensing agreement, and the cases were closed according to law.

Explore the rules of data intellectual property protection

Data is called "new energy" in the information age, and it has become an important production factor alongside traditional factors such as land, capital and technology. China is a big country with data resources and digital economy. In 2022, the scale of digital economy has reached 50.2 trillion yuan, accounting for 41.5% of GDP, ranking second in the world.

In order to strengthen the protection of data resources, in recent years, China National Intellectual Property Administration has actively carried out research and pilot work on data intellectual property protection rules, and achieved remarkable results. "China National Intellectual Property Administration Research has put forward the basic principle of’ four sufficiency’ in constructing data intellectual property protection rules. First, give full consideration to data security, public interests and personal privacy; Second, fully grasp the unique attributes of data and the objective laws of property rights system; Third, fully respect the labor and related input of data processors; The fourth is to give full play to the supporting role of data in industrial digital transformation and high-quality economic development. At the same time, the study combed a series of key issues of data intellectual property protection. Including the object of protection, the subject of protection, the way of empowerment, the content of rights and interests, and the mode of application. " Shen Changyu introduced.

At present, China has carried out data intellectual property pilot projects in eight provinces and cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong and Shenzhen, and has issued more than 2,000 data intellectual property registration certificates to business entities.

From the perspective of the innovation and development of digital economy, China’s patent creation and reserves have been continuously strengthened. "Invention patents in the core industries of the digital economy have grown rapidly. In 2022, the number of invention patents granted in the core industries of domestic digital economy reached 296,000, accounting for 42.6% of the total number of invention patents granted in China. " Ge Shu, deputy director of the China National Intellectual Property Administration Patent Office and director of the Strategic Planning Department, said that in the next step, China National Intellectual Property Administration will continuously build and improve the rules system of intellectual property rights adapted to new technologies around industrial transformation and upgrading, continuously improve the efficiency of the transformation and application of intellectual property rights, and provide more powerful support for the digital transformation of the economy and society.

Empowering the development of private manufacturing industry

Manufacturing industry is the pillar industry of the country, and private enterprises are an important force to promote the development of manufacturing industry. Solid and powerful intellectual property work is empowering the development of private manufacturing and promoting the development of the real economy.

"China National Intellectual Property Administration promotes the precise docking of universities, scientific research institutions and private enterprises, strengthens the supply of patented technology, helps enterprises to develop new products, and enhances the confidence of innovative subjects in investing in manufacturing. Since last year, we have organized 22 provinces to carry out pilot projects for patent opening licenses, and nearly 10,000 licenses have been reached. " Shen Changyu introduced.

He introduced that China National Intellectual Property Administration has established a full chain intellectual property protection mechanism for private enterprises, from technology research and development to product manufacturing to market operation, so that private enterprises can dare to invest and operate with peace of mind. We will continue to improve the rapid collaborative protection system of intellectual property rights and the network of rights protection assistance to provide private enterprises with convenient, efficient and low-cost channels for rights protection. At the same time, China National Intellectual Property Administration cooperated closely with large state-owned banks to coordinate the launch of intellectual property financial products, and effectively increased the intellectual property financing support for private manufacturing enterprises. In the first three quarters of this year, the national patent and trademark pledge financing amounted to 495.03 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 52.9%. Among them, inclusive pledge projects with a financing amount of less than 10 million yuan accounted for 71.6%, benefiting 18,000 small and medium-sized enterprises, with a year-on-year increase of 41.7%.

"In the next step, China National Intellectual Property Administration will take the special action of patent transformation and application as an opportunity to further improve policies, strengthen protection and optimize services with relevant departments, especially to promote the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises through patent industrialization, cultivate and promote patent-intensive products, and promote private manufacturing. Investment in the field will better help the development of the real economy." Shen Changyu said. (Reporter CoCo WU)

Xiao Xie (pseudonym), a migrant worker, was diagnosed with cervical cancer after going to the hospital for examination due to an increase in leucorrhea. At the age of 19, she felt incredible.

Speaking of cervical cancer, you will not be too unfamiliar. Famous singer Anita Mui and movie star Li Yuanyuan all died of this disease. It is one of the most common gynecological malignant tumors. With the decrease of the age of sexual behavior, the incidence of cervical cancer has also shown the characteristics of younger age in recent years. Then why does premature sex induce cervical cancer? How to achieve early detection and treatment of cervical cancer?

The more sex, the higher the risk.

Ding Jingxin, deputy chief physician of Gynecology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, pointed out that the cause of cervical cancer has been clearly diagnosed, that is, HPV infection. The high incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is 25-35 years old. Invasive cancer is 50-55 years old, and its incidence has a trend of younger in recent years.

25-35-year-old women are generally under great pressure. In addition, with the increase of age, their resistance gradually deteriorates, which reduces the ability to remove HPV virus. Once infected with HPV virus, it may cause persistent infection of the virus, and finally lead to precancerous lesions or cervical cancer.

In addition, early delivery, multiple pregnancy and prolificacy are closely related to the occurrence of cervical cancer, and smoking as a synergistic factor of HPV infection can increase the risk of cervical cancer.

In particular, it should be pointed out that the recognized causes of cervical cancer mainly include premature sexual intercourse (under 18 years old), HPV infection caused by multiple sexual partners, repeated uterine cervix operations, malnutrition and so on. It is understood that the rejuvenation of cancer is closely related to the early start of sexual life and the unclean process. The younger the age of first sexual intercourse, the more sexual partners and the more frequent sexual intercourse, the higher the incidence rate.

"This is because the cervical tissue cells of young girls are not fully developed, and their ability to resist diseases is poor. They are sensitive to external carcinogens and cancer-promoting substances and are easily stimulated by carcinogenic factors. After adulthood, the female reproductive defense system gradually matures, and then it begins to have normal disease resistance. If sexual intercourse is started when it is not mature, and the sexual partner is an HPV carrier, it is easy to infect HPV through sexual intercourse, and continuous infection induces cancer. " Dr. Ding Jingxin said. "For women, not having sex too early and reducing sexual partners may be a way to prevent cervical cancer. In addition, HPV vaccine can also be used to prevent diseases, and regular screening can also help patients achieve early detection and early treatment. "

Some studies have also pointed out that the sexual behavior of male partners is also closely related to cervical cancer. Comparing the characteristics of sexual behavior and other behaviors of spouses of cervical cancer and healthy women, and studying the role of men in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, it is pointed out that the number of sexual partners of spouses of cervical cancer is far more than that of spouses of control group, and most of the spouses of cervical cancer have sexual history, such as genital herpes, gonorrhea and genital warts, while women whose spouses often use condoms have low risk of cervical cancer. In addition, it is also found that the risk of cervical cancer in men’s wives is 3-6 times higher than that in normal women.

"For a woman infected with HPV, her male partner may become a carrier of HPV virus. For new sexual partners, the use of condoms will reduce the chance of contracting the virus. " Dr. Ding Jingxin said.

How to prevent cervical cancer

Dr. Ding Jingxin said that every year, more than half of the outpatients with cervical cancer found that they had reached the middle and late stage, and lost the best treatment opportunity, which was life-threatening.

Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological malignant tumor. Cytological screening and HPV screening enable early detection and treatment of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions, which is of great significance to prevent cervical cancer.

So what are the symptoms of cervical cancer?

Vaginal bleeding: mostly contact bleeding, it can be irregular vaginal bleeding, or it can be manifested as prolonged menstrual period and increased menstrual flow; Elderly patients often suffer from irregular vaginal bleeding after menopause.

Vaginal drainage: most patients have vaginal drainage, the liquid is white or bloody, which can be as thin as water or rice, or has a foul smell.

Late symptoms: different secondary symptoms appear according to the extent of cancer involvement. When cancer oppresses or involves ureter, it can cause ureteral obstruction, hydronephrosis and uremia; There may be anemia, cachexia and other symptoms of systemic failure in the late stage.

How to screen cervical cancer? According to the 2016 ACOG Practice Guide No.157 on Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention, cervical cancer screening is mainly based on liquid-based cytology screening TCT/LCT or HPV screening.

Cervical cancer screening should start at the age of 21. Single-line cytological screening for people aged 21-29, once every three years.

It is best for people aged 30-65 to have cytology and +HPV combined screening every five years. Cytological screening once every three years is acceptable.

Those who have enough negative screening results in the past and have no CIN2+ lesions should stop any kind of screening after the age of 65. Adequate negative screening results are defined as three consecutive cytological negative results or two consecutive combined negative screening results in the past 10 years, and the last screening is within 5 years.

Routine cytological screening and HPV detection should be terminated in patients who have undergone total hysterectomy and have no CIN2+ lesions in the past.

Women with CIN2, CIN3 or adenocarcinoma in situ should continue to be screened for 20 years after spontaneous regression of the lesion or proper treatment, even if the screening period will exceed 65 years.

For women aged 25 and above, the initial screening with the HPV detection method approved by FDA can be considered as an alternative to the current cytological screening method. Cytological screening alone and combined screening are still recommended measures in the guidelines of major professional associations. If HPV testing is used as a separate screening, it should follow the transition guidelines of American Society of Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP).

The risk of CIN in people whose cytology is ASC-US and HPV is negative (whether it is the follow-up HPV test or the combined HPV test) is lower, but it is slightly higher than that in people with negative combined screening. It is recommended to combine screening again after 3 years.

So as long as HPV infection is detected, does it mean that you will get cervical cancer? Dr. Ding Jingxin pointed out that it is best to make a virus typing for people infected with HPV. One quarter to one third of those infected with HPV16 may develop into cervical high intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL) and cervical cancer within three years, and 10% of those infected with HPV18 may develop into cervical high intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL) and cervical cancer within three years, while only 5% of those infected with other 12 viruses will be infected.

"Therefore, for those infected with HPV16 and 18 viruses, colposcopy should be done every year, and for other types of infected people, TCT screening can be done regularly." Dr. Ding Jingxin said, "It should be pointed out that women should not worry too much if they are infected with HPV. It takes 9-25 years to develop from HPV infection to cervical cancer. 70% ~ 80% of women will be infected with HPV in their lifetime. HPV can be eliminated by your own immune system. It is not terrible to be infected with HPV. Only the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer needs treatment. "

The best time for vaccination

Dr. Ding Jingxin pointed out that HPV vaccination is also a very important means for the prevention of cervical cancer. HPV vaccine is the first vaccine against tumor in the world. Because sexual transmission is the main route of HPV infection, the best time for HPV vaccination is before sexual intercourse.

"The World Health Organization recommends that the golden age of HPV vaccination is boys and girls aged 9-13 who have not started sex." Dr. Ding Jingxin said, "Women who have already had sex can also be vaccinated, but the protective effect of the vaccine may be discounted. There are many kinds of HPV viruses that cause cervical cancer. Even if you are vaccinated with HPV vaccine, you can’t completely prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer. Women who are vaccinated still need regular screening. "

China brand cars used to be synonymous with cheapness, but in recent years, China brand cars have made great progress in many aspects relying on the innate advantage of localization. I don’t know if you know anything about what is introduced today. Now let’s follow Xiaobian to see what it has done.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Ruifeng M3. The front face of Ruifeng M3 looks very stylish and elegant. Coupled with headlights, the overall design is very fashionable and sporty. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, etc. Coming to the side of the car, the body size of the car is 5145 mm * 1765 mm * 1900 mm. The car adopts fashionable and simple lines, giving people a very deep feeling on the side of the car. With large-sized thick-walled tires, the shape is quite soft. In the rear part, the rear looks stocky, and the taillights are very cool. Overall, it is still relatively hard-core.

Arriving in the Ruifeng M3 car, the interior design of Ruifeng M3 looks more exquisite and the overall design is very comfortable. The steering wheel of the car is very round and lovely, made of imitation leather, and the shape is very fighting. Take a look at the central control. The design of the center console is reasonable, which makes the interior style impressive and tough. Let Xiaobian introduce the dashboard and seats. The dashboard of this car presents a simple and generous design style, which is very eye-catching. The car uses a fabric seat, equipped with functions such as proportional reclining of the seat, and it is basically enough for daily use.

The rear row space of Ruifeng M3 is fairly spacious, and there is a certain margin in the head and legs, which can be said to be more than enough for daily household use. In addition, the car is equipped with anti-lock braking system (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), braking force distribution (EBD), traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), main driver airbag and co-pilot airbag.

The car introduced today is remarkable in terms of space, configuration and power, and home travel is also a good helper. If you are interested, you might as well experience it. I believe it can bring you a good experience.

　　[Aika Auto Domestic New Car Original]

　　On March 16th, Tank 330 was officially launched.Launch a model with a price of 330,000 yuan.. The new car is deeply developed based on the limited edition of Tank 300 Border, which has absorbed the essence of off-road technology of tank brands for many years, and the whole car is more hard-core, which perfectly combines off-road performance with luxury. Powered by a 3.0T V6 twin-turbo engine. The official said that the first batch of 1,000 cars will be sold, and it is expected to be released in batches in limited quantities.

　　In terms of appearance, the tank 330 inherits the unique hard-core style of the tank brand, and the lines of the whole vehicle are strong and powerful, showing a strong sense of strength. The hood of the new car has undergone a new design, and the bulging muscle lines seem to contain infinite energy. In the front part, the tank 330 adopts a rounded rectangular front grille design, and the interior is cleverly integrated with a round headlight group and a penetrating light strip, which adds a touch of retro charm to the whole vehicle. What’s more worth mentioning is that the tank 330 has been equipped with front and rear metal competitive bars, metal side guardrails, reinforced upper and lower control arms and three chassis armor guards when it leaves the factory.

　　The side design of tank 330 is also eye-catching, and the combination of wide-body wheel eyebrows and large-size wheels with dense spokes creates a domineering visual effect for the whole vehicle. In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the tank 330 reached 4772mm, 1970mm and 1960mm respectively, and the wheelbase was 2,750 mm. tyre size chose 265/70 R18, which fully met the requirements of off-road driving. The vehicle weight is controlled within 2.5 tons, which ensures good handling performance. Its approach angle, departure angle and longitudinal passing angle are 36, 33 and 25 respectively, and the minimum ground clearance reaches 242mm, which further highlights the excellent off-road capability of the tank 330. In addition, the design elements such as raised wheel eyebrows, roof rack and full-size external spare tire not only improve the practicability of the vehicle, but also increase the hard-core style of the whole vehicle. The red V6 logo at the rear of the car highlights the powerful power system of the tank 330.

　　The rear of the tank 330 shows a square and rough body line, and the front and rear raised wheel eyebrows and full-size external spare tire add a strong off-road atmosphere to the whole vehicle. The horizontal tailgate has a unique design, and the vertical door handle on the left side shows its unique and personalized style, which makes the tank 330 full of charm and characteristics in details.

　　Tank 330 has also made great efforts in interior design. The car is made of high-quality materials, creating a luxurious and comfortable driving environment. At the same time, the new car is also equipped with many intelligent technology configurations, such as 12.3-inch dual screen and intelligent voice interactive system, which provides drivers with a more convenient and intelligent driving experience. It is worth mentioning that the air conditioning function uses physical buttons, which is more convenient to operate and conducive to the safety of driving.

　　Tank 330 is equipped with a 3.0T V6 twin-turbo engine, which can release a maximum power of 260kW and a torque of 500Nm. The matching transmission system is an advanced 9AT gearbox. This powerful power system not only endows the tank 330 with powerful power performance, but also shows excellent stability and reliability in complex and changeable road conditions. It is worth mentioning that the thermal efficiency of the engine is as high as 38.5%, and the fuel consumption of the whole vehicle under WLTC working condition is only 11.9L L. At the same time, it is supplemented by a 48V motor, which further optimizes the fuel economy.

　　According to official sources, the tank 330 adopts an intelligent and timely four-wheel drive system and is equipped with a MLOCK mechanical locking function. This system can realize flexible switching of various modes, including two-wheel drive (2H, economic mode can lock rear drive), intelligent four-wheel drive (AWD), high-speed four-wheel drive (4H) and low-speed four-wheel drive (4L). Especially in 4L mode, the torque can be amplified by 2.64 times, thus providing strong traction, and the maximum traction mass reaches 2500kg. This design enables the tank 330 to be comfortable in various off-road scenes, showing its excellent off-road performance.

　　Editor’s summary: The listing of Tank 330 will further promote the development of off-road vehicle market, and its hard-core design and strong power performance will attract more consumers who pursue individuality and off-road experience. At the same time, the high-quality interior and intelligent technology configuration of the tank 330 will also inject new vitality into the off-road vehicle market. In the future, tank brands will continue to deepen the off-road vehicle market and bring more high-quality and high-performance off-road vehicles to consumers.

Wonderful content review:

The 2024 tank 300 was officially listed for sale at 199,800 yuan.

Tank 400 Hi4-T: Wild than 300 and cool than 500!

The tank 700 Hi4-T was officially put on the market and sold for 428,000 yuan.

　　I. Oil reserves

　　The United States is one of the countries with the largest proven oil reserves in the world. As of January 1, 2004, its proven oil reserves were 22.7 billion barrels, ranking 11th in the world. More than 80% of the country’s reserves are concentrated in four States in the United States: Texas (24%), Alaska (22%), Louisiana (20%) and California (19%). Other oil-producing states include New Mexico, Oklahoma, Wyoming, Kansas, Mississippi and North Dakota. Due to the over-exploitation in the late 1980s and the first half of 1990s, the oil reserves in the United States decreased rapidly. At present, the oil reserves in the United States decreased by about 20% compared with 1990.

　　Second, production

　　The United States is the third largest oil producer in the world after Saudi Arabia and the Russian Federation. According to the statistics of American oil and gas magazine, the American oil output in 2003 was 7.9 million barrels per day, accounting for 9.2% of the world’s total oil output. The output of crude oil is 5.7 million barrels per day, and the rest is natural gas liquid (NGL). At present, the output is the lowest in the past 50 years, which is about 25% lower than the 10.6 million barrels per day in 1985. There are about 500,000 oil producing wells in the United States, but most of them belong to marginal wells. According to statistics in 2003, the main oil producing areas are concentrated in the Gulf of Mexico, Texas land oil fields, the northern slope of Alaska, California, Louisiana land oil fields, Oklahoma and Wyoming. In 2003, the United States drilled 30,151 new oil and gas wells, including 5,694 oil wells, 20,011 natural gas wells and 4,446 dry wells. Compared with 25,536 wells drilled in 2002, it increased by 18%. With the progress and development of geophysical prospecting technology and drilling equipment, the output of deepwater oil fields in the Gulf of Mexico has increased rapidly. At present, the output of deepwater oil fields accounts for two-thirds of the oil production in the Gulf of Mexico in the United States. Because most of the energy resources in the United States are concentrated in the territory of the federal government, and the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas are subject to many restrictions by the federal government, it is difficult to increase oil production significantly. Due to the low return on energy investment, the investment in the oil industry has been greatly reduced since 1980, which has led to the aging of the existing oil supply infrastructure in the United States, such as pipeline transportation and refinery processing, and the serious shortage of production capacity.At the same time, domestic production costs are higher than the international level, and environmental protection requirements are increasingly demanding. As a result, many refineries have been forced to close down. Relevant data show that no new refinery was built in the United States from the late 1980s to the 1990s. The petroleum refining and processing industries in the United States are mainly concentrated in Texas, Louisiana, California, Illinois, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Washington, Ohio and Indiana. According to the statistics of British Petroleum Company (BP), the refining capacity of the United States in 2002 was 16.76 million barrels per day, accounting for about 20% of the world’s total refining capacity of 8,390 barrels per day. At present, the dominant oil companies in the American market are mainly ExxonMobil, Philips Continental, Chevron Texaco, Shell Oil, Frontier Oil, Marathon Oil and other companies. The U.S. Department of Energy predicted in its energy policy article that the oil production in the United States will drop from the current level of 580 barrels per day to 5.1 million barrels per day in 2020, and the Gulf of Mexico will play an important role in the future, and its share in domestic oil production will increase from the current 27% to 40% in 2010.

　　Third, consumption

　　The United States is the largest oil consumer in the world. In 2003, the consumption was 20.071 million barrels per day (equivalent to 914.3 million tons), an increase of 1.9% over the previous year, accounting for 25.1% of the total oil consumption in the world. In the current composition of energy consumption in the United States, oil accounts for 42%, coal accounts for 24%, natural gas accounts for 20%, nuclear energy accounts for 8-,and hydropower, solar energy and wind energy account for 4%. According to the statistics of British Petroleum Company (BP), in the composition of oil consumption in the United States in 2003, transportation oil accounted for about 67.5% of the total oil consumption, industrial oil accounted for about 24.2%, civil oil accounted for about 3.9%, electric oil accounted for about 2.4%, and commercial oil accounted for about 1.9%. After experiencing the oil crisis in the 1970s, the United States began to pay attention to improving energy utilization and saving energy, and the energy intensity continued to decline. At the end of 1990s, the energy required for producing every dollar decreased by 44% compared with that in 1970, and the annual per capita oil consumption decreased from 31 barrels in 1978 to 26 barrels in 2000, a decrease of 20%. On the whole, since 1973, American economy has increased by 126%, while energy consumption has only increased by 30%.

　　In order to improve the energy utilization rate, the federal government formulated the Energy Star program as early as the 1970s, and in the late 1980s, it set energy-saving standards for related industries, such as automobile manufacturing, household appliances and building lighting. Some energy-intensive production units, such as wood processing and papermaking, chemical industry, petrochemical refinery, metal smelting, food processing, ceramics and glass firing, have either adopted new energy-saving technologies or shut down and turned around, reducing the dependence of the economy on energy to some extent. In addition, the adjustment of macroeconomic structure and the rise of non-energy-intensive industries, such as communication and information technology, microelectronics and financial services, have also greatly reduced the energy intensity of the United States.

　　On the other hand, because the transportation industry in the United States accounts for more than 65% of its total oil consumption, the automobile industry in the United States developed rapidly during the period of low oil prices in the 1980s and 1990s, and the vehicle types became larger and larger, especially the fuel-intensive vehicles such as off-road vehicles and sports cars, which were favored by consumers. Therefore, the demand for petroleum products, mainly gasoline, has greatly increased. The US Department of Energy predicts that in the next 20 years, US oil consumption will increase by 33% and natural gas consumption by 50%, and by 2020, US oil consumption will reach 26-27 million barrels per day.

　　Iv. import

　　The United States has been a net energy importer since 1950s. After 1985, its dependence on imported oil increased significantly. In 2003, its import volume increased from 4.3 million barrels per day in the mid-1980s to 12.2 million barrels per day (equivalent to 605.1 million tons), an increase of 7.9% over the previous year, accounting for 62% of its total domestic oil demand and 26.8% of the world’s total imports. Among them, the import volume of crude oil is 9.645 million barrels per day and that of oil products is 2.609 million barrels per day. The main import sources are Canada (2.1 million barrels per day), Saudi Arabia (1.8 million barrels per day), Mexico (1.6 million barrels per day) and Venezuela (1.4 million barrels per day). Among the sources of oil imports in the United States, more than two-fifths of oil imports come from member countries of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. From 1973 to 2000, the dependence of American domestic market on imported oil increased from 35% to 52%, natural gas increased from 5% to 15%, and the proportion of energy imports in its total imports exceeded 10%. In order to meet the increasing domestic oil demand and ensure the safety of energy supply, the United States has formulated a multi-faceted global supply system strategy in its energy policy and implemented a diversified policy of oil and gas import sources. In addition to taking Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and other oil-producing countries in the Middle East as the leading sources of supply, it also makes full use of the convenience of the North American Free Trade Area to consolidate the existing energy production and cooperation with Canada and Mexico.Increase investment in onshore and offshore oil and gas fields in Latin America and Central and South America countries such as Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, Colombia, etc., and ensure the source of oil supply for the United States in this region. And set up the US-Russia oil and gas working group and the US-Kazakhstan oil and gas and commercial energy working group, increase investment in Aegean and African countries and regions, and make use of technological advantages to carry out deep-sea oil and gas exploration and production in the Atlantic basin between Canada and the Caribbean, Brazil and West Africa.

　　V. Inventory

　　Strategic reserve oil

　　After being hit by the oil embargo imposed by the oil-producing countries in East Arab in the early 1970s, President Carter signed the energy policy and energy-saving law in 1975 and decided to establish a strategic oil reserve. On July 21, 1977, about 412,000 barrels of Saudi light crude oil were injected into the salt cave on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico as the first strategic storage. According to the relevant laws, only when the domestic energy supply or import is blocked, or the oil price rises sharply due to the oil embargo, which may seriously threaten national security or economic operation, can the President of the United States decide and order the use of strategic reserve oil. On November 13, 2001, President George W. Bush announced that the strategic oil reserve would be increased to 700 million barrels. At present, the strategic oil storage capacity of the United States is 727 million barrels. The International Energy Agency requires that the United States’ oil reserves (strategic and non-strategic stocks) should reach 90 days’ import. The maximum withdrawal amount of strategic oil reserves is 4.3 million tons/day, and it takes about 13 days from the withdrawal of stocks to entering the US market. In order to establish strategic oil reserves, the United States has invested a total of 21 billion US dollars, of which 4 billion US dollars are used to purchase oil storage facilities and 17 billion US dollars to purchase reserve oil. The reserve oil will come from 20 countries, of which light crude oil accounts for about one-third of the total reserve oil and two-thirds is heavy crude oil (crude oil with sulfur content above 2%). As of August 24, 2004, the United States had 667 million barrels of strategic reserve oil, which was equivalent to 55 days’ import at that time. Among them, 270 million barrels of light crude oil and 397 million barrels of heavy oil.(In 1985, the strategic stock oil reached the import volume equivalent to 118 days at that time). The main oil storage locations are related states in South America, such as Louisiana and Texas, which are close to the Gulf of Mexico. The strategic reserve oil of the United States has played an important role in stabilizing the international oil market. Since the establishment of the strategic oil reserve, only when Iraq attacked Kuwait in early 1991 and caused the price of the international oil market to rise sharply, according to the allocation quota of the international energy agency, President Bush ordered the Ministry of Energy to use 33.75 million barrels of crude oil when launching the operation desert storm to calm the price rise in the oil market. But in the end, the United States only used 17.3 million barrels, which effectively brought the international oil price down sharply.

　　Commercial petroleum inventory

　　According to api gravity data, by the end of July, 2004, the commercial inventory of crude oil in the United States was 298 million barrels, up by 4.6% over the same period of last year, the inventory of gasoline was 212 million barrels, up by 5.2%, and the inventory of other oil products was 158 million barrels. At the end of July, the national inventory of various oil products (excluding strategic oil reserves) was 959.6 million barrels, a slight increase of 0.2% over a year ago.

　　VI. The Impact of Oil Price Fluctuation on American Economy

　　Since 2003, especially since August this year, the sharp and rapid rise in oil prices has caused the international oil market to fall into panic again. The New York Mercantile Exchange’s September West Texas Intermediate crude oil futures price broke through the psychological defense line of $40 and $45 per barrel in just a few weeks, and reached the $50 mark. Finally, on August 20, it fell back after hitting $49.40. Compared with the beginning of the year, oil prices have increased by about 50%.

　　People in the industry have consistent views on the reasons for the rising oil prices, mainly as follows: 1. Compared with other commodities, the monopoly of oil is still strong. In order to maintain the selling price, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries has been adopting the sales strategy of limiting production and insuring prices in recent years, but the supply has decreased. 2. The international market demand shows a slow growth trend, and the oil import demand of emerging countries, especially China and Indian countries, rises sharply. 3. The geopolitical situation is turbulent, and anti-government forces in Iraq threaten to blow up oil production facilities, kidnap foreign companies as hostages and carry out terrorist activities. The political turmoil caused by Venezuela’s domestic election has affected its oil production and export, and the protracted tax evasion case by KOS Oil Company in Russia has caused market panic. 4. Speculation in the oil futures market has intensified. As soon as traders encounter trouble, they will take the opportunity to speculate, which will contribute to the rise and fall of oil prices. 5. The production capacity of the member countries of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is close to the limit, and their ability to regulate oil supply is declining.

　　As for the possible impact of this oil price on the economy, there are different opinions. As the impact of oil price fluctuation on economy is lagging behind, judging from several oil crises since 1970s, every crisis is always accompanied by high inflation and economic recession. For example, the first oil crisis when the Arab countries imposed an oil embargo led to a serious global recession in 1973-1975, the oil crisis triggered by the Iran-Iraq war in 1979 led to a global recession in 1981-1982, and the oil price shock triggered by the Gulf War plunged the western industrialized countries into a relatively moderate economic recession in 1990-1991. Therefore, some economists believe that this sharp rise in oil prices will inevitably bring considerable negative impact to the world economy. Take the United States as an example. In 2004, its GDP increased by 4.5% in the first quarter, and decreased to 3% in the second quarter. Affected by the oil price shock, many American economists have lowered their economic growth forecasts in the second half of the year, arguing that high oil prices will affect consumer spending, reduce investment, reduce national real income, keep the unemployment rate high, widen the foreign trade deficit, and may lead to inflation. What’s more, it is believed that the American economy may experience stagflation or fall into recession again in 2005. However, some institutions, such as the Federal Reserve Board of the United States, are optimistic that the impact of this oil price shock on the US economy is limited, and it will not lead to a new economic crisis. The reason is that from a macro perspective, there has been no fundamental change in the relationship between supply and demand in the international oil market.The oil supply is sufficient, the demand for oil in the United States has not increased significantly, and it is backed by a considerable oil inventory. More importantly, the tolerance for rising oil prices is greatly enhanced compared with the past, so it can cope with price fluctuations in the international oil market in a short period of time. Once speculation subsides, the oil market will return to its original pattern.

　　The author believes that oil is a strategic scarce resource. Although major oil importing countries have been practicing energy conservation and improving energy utilization for a long time, the status of oil as a major energy source cannot be effectively replaced for a long time to come. With the continuous development of the world economy, especially the rapid economic development of developing countries such as China and India, the demand for oil in the international market is bound to increase. At the same time, the international geopolitical pattern is turbulent, especially the terrorist activities in major oil-producing countries such as the Middle East, which will always be an unstable link in the supply chain of the international oil market. Therefore, in the long run, oil prices will continue to rise with the increase in demand caused by the development of the world economy. The possibility of a sharp rise in oil prices in the short term due to temporary factors and speculation is not ruled out. From the perspective of the United States, as it experienced the oil crisis in the 1970s, it adjusted its macro-energy policy in time, paid attention to the diversification of energy composition, increased the development of natural gas resources, nuclear energy and other alternative energy sources, improved energy utilization rate and focused on energy conservation, diversified import channels, and a huge strategic oil reserve, so its overall resilience to resist the energy shortage crisis was greatly enhanced compared with the past, and short-term oil price fluctuations had relatively little impact on the economy. Therefore, although this oil price shock will definitely affect its economic growth in the second half of 2004, it is estimated that it will not have a reversible impact on its economic activities, and the specific impact will need further close attention.

　　According to the statistics of the U.S. Department of Energy, 48% of the total crude oil consumed in the United States is used to produce gasoline and other fuels. Due to the popularity of multi-purpose vehicles with high horsepower and high fuel consumption, the consumption of gasoline in the United States has increased by 24% since 1990. Since September and November, especially since this year, due to the intensified price fluctuation in the international primary raw material market and domestic natural disasters, especially the hurricane that frequently visited the relevant States in the southern United States last year and this year (which is also the gathering place of many large American oil refineries), the domestic petroleum products in the United States, such as gasoline and heating oil, have shown a tight supply market situation, which has led to. It is estimated that gasoline consumption will increase by 48% over the current level in 2025. Because domestic production is far from meeting the market demand, the proportion of imported gasoline in the total gasoline consumption in the United States has soared from 4% in 1995 to about 10% at present. According to the forecast of the Energy Information Administration, by 2025, the gasoline consumption in the United States will increase from the current 8.9 million barrels per day to 13.3 million barrels per day. By then, gasoline alone will account for half of the crude oil consumption in the United States. At the same time, the proportion of diesel oil, heating oil and aviation fuel oil in the demand for refined oil will also increase greatly. In sharp contrast, since the second half of the 1990s, the domestic refining capacity in the United States has increased by less than 1%.

　　The main reasons for the imbalance between supply and demand in the oil market are:

　　Since the 1970s, due to the persistent surplus of international crude oil market, oil prices have been hovering at a low price for a long time. At this stage, American refineries have maintained a low rate of return and a low rate of return on investment, which greatly inhibited investors from expanding refinery facilities and launching new refineries. In fact, since 1976, the United States has not built a new refinery (just increasing the production scale of existing facilities). At present, the number of oil refineries has decreased by more than half compared with 1981, while gasoline consumption has increased by 45%. According to the statistics of the relevant departments of the US Department of Energy, the number of refineries in the United States has decreased from 324 in 1981 to 148 (including 4 idle ones). These refineries are located in 32 States in the United States, with an overall crude oil processing capacity of 17.12 million barrels per day. In the past ten years, nearly 50 refineries have closed down, and most of the existing enterprises have outdated equipment and various accidents. The reason is mainly attributed to the large-scale reorganization of oil refining enterprises after the two oil crises in the 1970s, such as selling and closing excess production equipment, which led to the reduction of the number of refineries in this industry. In addition to the overcapacity factors that affected the new investment in the oil refining industry in the 1980s and 1990s, various regulations in the United States, such as more stringent environmental laws, clean air laws, relevant regulations on air quality, water quality, waste and automobile exhaust emissions, more additional government licenses and regulations to further reduce the sulfur content in gasoline and diesel, in addition,Refineries also need to produce gasoline and diesel with different standards according to federal standards, state government standards and local government standards, and it takes time to apply for more complicated government licenses. Clean fuel standards (such as the introduction of various environmental protection standards one after another, the increasingly strict emission standards for automobile exhaust, etc.) undoubtedly make refinery production more difficult and new capital investment increase. According to statistics from the United States, in the past 10 years, the refining industry in the United States has invested about $47 billion in environmental protection projects, mainly for producing low-sulfur unleaded gasoline that is more conducive to environmental protection. Under the restriction of internal and external environment, many oil refining enterprises have high input and low output, while some refineries are forced to close down because they cannot adapt to the increasingly fierce industry competition.

　　List of refinery distribution and crude oil processing capacity in the United States

　　Number of refineries by state, among which idle number crude oil processing capacity

　　Idle processing capacity (barrel/day)

　　Delaware 1 175000

　　Georgia 1 1 28000 28000

　　New Jersey 6 1 666000 51000

　　Pennsylvania 5,770,000

　　Virginia 1 58600

　　West Virginia 1 19400

　　Illinois 4 896000

　　Indiana 2 433000

　　Kansas 3 296200

　　Kentucky 2 227500

　　Michigan 1 74000

　　Minnesota 2 335000

　　North Dakota 1 58000

　　Ohio 4 551400

　　Oklahoma 5 484961

　　Tennessee 1,180,000

　　Wisconsin 1 33000

　　Alabama 3 1 130200 16700

　　Arkansas 2 76800

　　Louisiana 17 2772723

　　Mississippi 4 364800

　　New Mexico 3 112600

　　Texas 26 1 4628491 880

　　Colorado 2 87000

　　Montana 4 181200

　　Utah 5 167350

　　Wyoming 5,152,000

　　Alaska 6 373500

　　California 21 2026788

　　Hawaii 2 147500

　　Nevada 1 1707

　　Oregon 1 0

　　Washington 5 616150

　　The United States totals 148 4 17124870 118580.

　　Puerto Rico 2 1 109500 42000

　　Virgin Islands 1,495,000

　　As can be seen from the above table, refineries in the United States are mainly concentrated in Texas, California and Louisiana. The above three States account for 43.2% of the total number of refineries in the United States, and the crude oil refining capacity accounts for 55.1% of the United States. Texas alone accounts for 17.6% and 27.0% of the total in the United States.

　　Geographically, refineries in the United States are mainly concentrated in Texas and Louisiana near the Gulf of Mexico in the southern United States.

　　About 25% of the existing refinery production capacity in the United States is controlled by foreign enterprises. Mainly operated by large petrochemical multinational companies, such as BP, Shell Chemical Company, Dow Chemical Company, ExxonMobil Company, Texaco Company, Continental Philips Company, Chevron Company, Marathon Schlander Company, Citgo Petroleum Corp., Motiva Enterprises LLC, Murphy Oil USA Inc., Valero, Total Petrochemical Inc.,

　　Western refining co., chalmette refining LLC., premcor refining group Inc., etc.

　　Since the beginning of the 21st century, due to the turbulent world political situation and increasing demand, the price of international crude oil market has been rising, which has led to an increase in market demand for oil products. Although refineries are operating at full capacity, the demand is still in short supply. At the same time, due to the aging equipment of many refineries, accidents continue (for example, BP’s refinery in Texas suffered two accidents, including the explosion in the first half of 2005, which caused dozens of casualties and heavy losses), and the shutdown of refineries along the Mexican coast caused by two hurricanes in August and September 2005, as well as speculation in the international oil futures market, which further aggravated the shortage of oil products in the US oil market, and the prices of motor gasoline and diesel oil soared.

　　The Impact of Hurricane Katrina and Rita on American Petroleum Refining Industry

　　In late August and late September, 2005, two successive hurricanes Katrina and Rita swept through the Gulf of Mexico, which not only brought serious casualties and huge property losses to Louisiana and eastern Texas, but also caused heavy losses to the oil refining industry in the United States.

　　According to the statistics of the US Department of Energy, the oil production in the Gulf of Mexico is 1.5 million barrels per day (equivalent to 75 million tons), which is one of the important oil producing areas in the United States. There are dozens of large refineries of multinational oil companies in Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi near the Gulf of Mexico. For example, there are 17 refineries along the Mexican coast in Texas, including 10 refineries in Houston, with a daily refining capacity of 2.3 million barrels of crude oil, accounting for 13% of the total refining capacity in the United States. There are four refineries in Beaumont and port arthur, with a daily processing capacity of 1.1 million barrels of crude oil, accounting for 7% of the total refining capacity in the United States. Exxon Mobil (ExxonMobil) has 348,500 barrels per day, Motiva (Shell) has 285,000 barrels per day, Total has 233,500 barrels per day, and Valero has 255,000 barrels per day (according to the statistics of the US Department of Energy on January 1, 2005). There are three refineries in Christie, Kobos, with a daily processing capacity of 586,000 barrels of crude oil, accounting for 3% of the total refining capacity in the United States. The three refineries in Lake Charles, Louisiana, which were severely hit by this hurricane, were completely shut down. They were Citgo, with a refining capacity of 324,300 barrels per day, ConocoPhillips, 239,400 barrels per day and Calcasleu, with a refining capacity of 30,000 barrels per day.

　　Affected by the hurricane, the production capacity of about 3.5 million barrels per day (equivalent to 20% of the country’s total refining capacity) was temporarily closed. Among them, the refineries in Port Arthur in eastern Texas and Lake Charles in Louisiana suffered from wind disaster or power failure, and the refining capacity of 1.7 million barrels of crude oil per day completely stopped (accounting for about 10% of the national total refining capacity). And thus triggered a sharp rise in the retail price of gasoline in the southern region.

　　Crude oil production and refinery processing capacity in the Gulf of Mexico in the United States

　　(Figures as of August 2005)

　　Proven reserves of Zhoubie crude oil

　　(Million barrels) Ranks crude oil output in the United States.

　　(1,000 barrels per day) Ranks the number of refineries in the United States and ranks the processing capacity of refineries in the United States.

　　(million barrels) market share in the United States

　　USA 148 1712.49

　　Texas 4583 2 1073 2 26 1 4.6 26

　　Louisiana 452 8 228 5 17 2.8

　　Alabama 52 19 20 16 3 0.114

　　Mississippi 169 14 47 13 4 0.365

　　Georgia nothing 1 0.028

　　Florida 68 17 8 20 0 0

　　Oklahoma 588 6 171 7 5 0.485

　　Arkansas 50 20 18 17 2 0.077

　　Subtotal 5962 1565 58.469

　　Source: Energy Information Administration of the US Department of Energy, Census Bureau and National Petroleum News "Market Information in 2004".

　　As can be seen from the data in the above table, the Gulf of Mexico in South America occupies a considerable share in the US energy market in terms of crude oil production, refinery quantity and processing capacity, and also has a certain impact on domestic and even international oil prices.

　　After learning from a painful experience, the US government decided to review the existing oil refining industry mechanism in the United States to find out whether there is monopoly and price manipulation in the industry after consumers were hit by the recent sharp rise in oil prices and complained. To this end, the CEOs of Exxon Oil Company, Shell Oil Company, BP America Company, Continental Oil Company and Chevron Company, which account for 42% of the national oil refining capacity, were invited to attend the Senate hearing to explain why they made profits as high as $32.8 billion in a quarter from June to September 2005.

　　In order to cope with the increasing demand for oil products and reduce price fluctuations, members of the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States have proposed new refinery expansion bills, and some have proposed to build new refineries in areas where the unemployment rate is 20% higher than the national average. This will not only achieve the purpose of building refineries, but also increase employment. Some suggest giving preferential tax treatment or tax exemption to attract investors, and some suggest using abandoned military bases as the site of new refineries, which can cause less opposition from nearby residents. However, judging from the current actual situation, a substantial increase in the supply of domestic oil products in the United States can not be achieved overnight. Although the oil supply can be increased to a certain extent by restructuring the refining industry again, combining and expanding existing refineries, improving production processes and processes, even those refineries that have not yet reached full production are limited in their production capacity. The fundamental way to solve the problem is to build a new refinery, but it is expected to face great resistance. The first is the site selection. Many people will agree to build the refinery, a potential pollution source and a "time bomb", in their own backyard. Secondly, it is complicated and time-consuming to apply for relevant permits and obtain approval from competent authorities at all levels. The most important thing is to build a new refinery with large investment, low average profit level and long payback period. The investment in building a new refinery is usually as high as several billion dollars, and even a small refinery needs about one billion dollars.However, the sharp fluctuation of the international oil market price has increased many uncertainties in predicting the investment recovery period and return rate of refineries, which has inhibited the investment desire of potential investors. There is also a recognized view that due to the continuous integration and merger of the oil industry in the past few decades, most small companies with little capital and weak technical strength have been washed out or merged. At present, most of the companies operating in the market are multinational companies, and the market participants in this industry are relatively few, and the competition is not as fierce as other industries. In other words, the monopoly is strong. The rise in oil prices has been expected by these companies for many years, so they will never give up this opportunity to make a lot of money. Building a new refinery will undoubtedly increase competitors and reduce the average profit rate, so there is little interest in these current vested companies.　　

Editor: Wang Yuxi

　　Cctv newsToday, the National Audit Office released 54 cases of violations of discipline and law that have been handled so far in 2016. Some of the key cases were disclosed for the first time, which aroused widespread concern.

　　Announcement No.31 of the Audit Commission this year shows that:

　　Yao Zhongmin, the former chairman of the Board of Supervisors of China Development Bank, was suspected of taking advantage of his position to benefit relatives: The audit found that from 2005 to 2014, Yao Zhongmin was suspected of operating illegally in the loan business of China Development Bank to seek illegitimate interests for relatives. In August 2014, the Audit Commission transferred this clue to the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection for investigation and handling. In September 2016, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection gave Yao Zhongmin the punishment of expelling from the Party and public office, and transferred the suspected crimes, clues and money involved to judicial organs for legal treatment.

　　Bai Xueshan, the former vice chairman of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, was suspected of illegally interfering with land transfer. The audit found that from 2006 to 2013, Bai Xueshan was suspected of illegally interfering with land transfer and land acquisition compensation, resulting in the loss of state-owned rights and interests. In January 2015, the Audit Commission transferred this clue to the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection for investigation and handling. In December 2015, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection gave Bai Xueshan the punishment of expelling from the Party and public office, and transferred the suspected crimes, clues and money involved to judicial organs for legal treatment. (CCTV reporter Chen Changwei)

　　The Audit Commission regularly tracks the investigation and handling of clues about violations of discipline and law transferred to relevant departments and units. The relevant information about violations of discipline and law that have been dealt with until November 2016 is announced as follows:

　　1. Yao Zhongmin, former chairman of the Board of Supervisors of China Development Bank, is suspected of taking advantage of his position to benefit his relatives.

　　The audit found that from 2005 to 2014, Yao Zhongmin was suspected of illegal operation in the loan business of China Development Bank to seek illegitimate interests for relatives. In August 2014, the Audit Commission transferred this clue to the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection for investigation and handling. In September 2016, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection gave Yao Zhongmin the punishment of expelling from the Party and public office, and transferred the suspected crimes, clues and money involved to judicial organs for legal treatment.

　　2. Bai Xueshan, former vice chairman of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, was suspected of violating regulations and interfering with land transfer.

　　The audit found that from 2006 to 2013, Bai Xueshan was suspected of illegally interfering with land transfer and land acquisition compensation, resulting in the loss of state-owned rights and interests. In January 2015, the Audit Commission transferred this clue to the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection for investigation and handling. In December 2015, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection gave Bai Xueshan the punishment of expelling from the Party and public office, and transferred the suspected crimes, clues and money involved to judicial organs for legal treatment.

　　3. Sun Zhaoxue, former general manager of China National Gold Corporation, and Yang Zhigang, chief engineer, were suspected of taking bribes and other issues.

　　The audit found that from 2010 to 2014, Sun Zhaoxue, Yang Zhigang and others were suspected of illegally operating mining rights mergers and acquisitions, providing financial support for specific enterprise project development, and profiting from them. From 2014 to 2015, the Audit Commission transferred the above clues to the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate for investigation and handling. By December 2016, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection had given Sun Zhaoxue the punishment of expelling from the Party and public office. The Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court and the Tieling Intermediate People’s Court of Liaoning Province sentenced Sun Zhaoxue and Yang Zhigang to 16 and 10 years’ imprisonment respectively for accepting bribes, the crime of huge amount of unidentified property and the crime of accepting bribes by non-state staff, with 3.5 million yuan of personal property confiscated and a fine of 500,000 yuan. All the stolen money and goods have been recovered.

　　4. Zeng Jianping, former director of the printing department of China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation, was suspected of accepting bribes.

　　The audit found that from 2010 to 2014, some equipment and materials of China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation were purchased without public bidding, and Zeng Jianping was suspected of accepting money from some non-public bidding suppliers. In July 2014, the Audit Commission transferred this clue to the Beijing Municipal People’s Procuratorate for investigation and handling. In June 2015, the Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court sentenced Zeng Jianping to 11 years in prison for accepting bribes, and confiscated 110,000 yuan of personal property, and recovered 2.239 million yuan of illegal income from bribery and turned it over to the state treasury.

　　5. Mao Shijia, former general manager of China Shipping Development Co., Ltd. and others are suspected of making illegal profits for relatives and friends.

　　The audit found that from November 2004 to the end of 2013, Mao Shijia was suspected of collaborating with Liu Houping, deputy general manager of China Shipping Development Co., Ltd., and others to hand over the petrochemical oil transportation business to relatives for profit. In March 2014, the Audit Commission transferred this clue to the Ministry of Public Security for investigation and handling. In December 2014, Shanghai No.1 Intermediate People’s Court sentenced Mao Shijia to 6 years’ imprisonment and fined 1.5 million yuan for the crime of illegal profit-making by relatives and friends. Liu Houping was sentenced to three years and six months in prison for accepting bribes from non-state staff and fined 200,000 yuan.

　　6. Chen Fujiang, former deputy general manager of China Shipping Group Shanghai Branch, and others are suspected of illegally operating similar business problems.

　　The audit found that from September 2010 to October 2013, Chen Fujiang was suspected of taking advantage of being in charge of the Asia-Pacific and European transportation business of China Shipping Group Shanghai Branch, and after establishing a joint venture with Yuan Linlin and others, he gave the enterprise special preferential treatment in violation of regulations to obtain illegal benefits. In March 2014, the Audit Commission transferred this clue to the Ministry of Public Security for investigation and handling. In March 2015, the Intermediate People’s Court of Hongkou District of Shanghai sentenced Chen Fujiang to 4 years and 6 months in prison and Yuan Linlin to 4 years in prison for the crime of illegally operating similar businesses.

　　7. Jiang Kaihua, a former staff member of the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee of Dandong City, Liaoning Province, was suspected of abusing his power to seek resettlement houses for relatives and friends.

　　The audit found that from 2010 to 2011, Jiang Kaihua was suspected of abusing his power and seeking 8 sets of resettlement houses for 4 relatives and friends. In May 2014, the Audit Commission transferred this clue to the Liaoning Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection for investigation and handling. In December 2014, the People’s Court of Zhenxing District, Dandong City, Liaoning Province sentenced Jiang Kaihua to 18 years in prison for abuse of power, corruption and fraud, and confiscated 100,000 yuan of property and fined 30,000 yuan; In December 2015, the relevant departments of Dandong City gave Jiang Kaihua the punishment of expelling the party membership and public office.

　　Eight, Sichuan Huixin Rongtong Industrial Development Co., Ltd. defrauded the shed reform funds.

　　The audit found that in August 2013, in the shantytown renovation project in Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Huixin Rongtong Industrial Development Co., Ltd., Deng Junru, the legal representative of the company, was suspected of instructing employees to forge false resettlement compensation supplementary agreements and cash receipts to defraud the shed reform funds. In April 2014, the Audit Commission transferred this clue to the Sichuan Provincial Public Security Bureau for investigation and handling. In December 2015, the People’s Court of Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province sentenced Deng Junru to 3 years’ imprisonment, suspended for 4 years and fined 30,000 yuan for contract fraud. Sichuan Huixin Rongtong Industrial Development Co., Ltd. was fined 100,000 yuan for contract fraud.

　　Nine, Chen Yanqiu, former deputy director of the Yanzhiwu Expressway Construction Management Office in Shaanxi Province, and others were suspected of defrauding the demolition compensation and other issues.

　　The audit found that from 2009 to 2010, Chen Yanqiu, former deputy director of the expressway construction management office in Yanzhiwu, Shaanxi Province (from Jingzhidan County to Wuqi County, Yan ‘an City), and others were suspected of defrauding the demolition compensation by fraud; During the bidding process of this project, China Foreign Construction Co., Ltd. and other construction enterprises are suspected of lending or borrowing qualification bidding and colluding with bidding. From 2015 to 2016, the Audit Commission transferred these clues to the Shaanxi Provincial People’s Procuratorate and the Ministry of Transport for investigation and handling. In May 2016, the People’s Court of Zhidan County, Shaanxi Province sentenced six people, including Chen Yanqiu, to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from two years and six months to 10 years for corruption, with a co-existence fine of 1.9 million yuan. The transportation department shall notify the relevant construction enterprises, reduce their national comprehensive credit rating and be included in the "blacklist" of Shaanxi highway construction market.

　　X. Zhang Songtao, former secretary of the Party branch of Hongxing Village, Gongchang Town, Longxi County, Dingxi City, Gansu Province, and others were suspected of defrauding land acquisition compensation.

　　The audit found that in 2011, Zhang Songtao and his uncle Zhang Yaowen were suspected of defrauding land acquisition compensation by altering the measurement data of land acquisition and falsely reporting the number of seedlings. In March 2015, the Audit Commission transferred this clue to the People’s Procuratorate of Gansu Province for investigation and handling. In May 2016, the People’s Court of Zhangxian County, Gansu Province sentenced Zhang Songtao to 3 years in prison, suspended for 5 years and fined 300,000 yuan for corruption; Zhang Yaowen was sentenced to 2 years’ imprisonment, suspended for 3 years, and fined 150,000 yuan. At present, 926,100 yuan has been recovered.

　　> > Click to view the full text of 54 cases in the announcement.