The General Office of the State Council on deepening reform

Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of the Taxi Industry

Guoban Fa [2016] No. 58

The people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and all ministries, commissions, and agencies directly under the State Council:

　　In order to implement the central government’s decision-making and deployment on comprehensively deepening reform, actively and steadily promote the reform of the taxi industry, encourage innovation, promote transformation, and better meet the travel needs of the people, with the approval of the State Council, the following opinions are hereby proposed.

　　I. Guiding ideology and basic principles

　　(1) Guiding ideology. Deeply implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the spirit of the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the spirit of the series of important speeches by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, implement the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, in accordance with the overall layout of the "Five in One" and the "Four Comprehensive" strategic layout, firmly establish and implement the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, give full play to the role of the market mechanism and the guiding role of the government, adhere to the basic idea of giving priority to the development of public transportation and moderately developing taxis, promote the structural reform of the taxi industry, effectively improve the service level and regulatory capacity, and strive to build a diversified and differentiated travel service system, promote the sustainable and healthy development of the taxi

　　(2) Basic principles.

　　Adhere to the passenger-oriented. Take ensuring the safe travel of passengers and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the people as the starting point and end point of reform, and provide the public with safe, convenient, comfortable and economical personalized travel services.

　　Adhere to reform and innovation.Seize the favorable opportunity to implement the "Internet +" action, adhere to the problem orientation, promote the transformation and upgrading of cruise taxis, standardize the operation of online rental cars, and promote the integrated development of the two business models.

　　Adhere to overall consideration. Coordinate public transportation and taxis, coordinate innovation and development with safety and stability, coordinate the development of new and old business models, coordinate the interests of passengers, drivers and enterprises, and promote reform step by step, actively and carefully.

　　Adhere to legal norms. Correctly handle the relationship between the government and the market, strengthen the rule of law thinking, improve the legal system of the taxi industry, promote industry reform in accordance with the law, maintain a fair competition market order, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of all parties.

　　Adhere to territorial management. The urban people’s government is the main body responsible for taxi management. It should give full play to autonomy and creativity, and explore a management model that is in line with the actual development of the local taxi industry.

　　Second, clarify the positioning of the taxi industry

　　(3) Scientifically positioning taxi services. Taxi is an integral part of the urban comprehensive transportation system, a supplement to urban public transportation, and provides personalized transportation services for the public.Taxi services mainly include cruises, online reservations, and other means.The urban people’s government should give priority to the development of public transportation, develop taxis moderately, and optimize the urban transportation structure.It is necessary to coordinate the development of cruise taxis (hereinafter referred to as cruise cars) and online rental cars (hereinafter referred to as online taxi-hailing), implement dislocation development and differentiated management, and provide quality and diverse transportation services for the public.It is necessary to take into account the characteristics of large, medium and small cities, the diverse travel needs of the public and the development orientation of taxis, comprehensively consider factors such as population size, economic development level, urban traffic congestion, and taxi mileage utilization rate, and rationally grasp the scale of taxi transportation capacity and the share ratio in the urban comprehensive transportation system. Establish a dynamic monitoring and adjustment mechanism to gradually realize market regulation. New and updated taxis, priority is given to the use of new energy vehicles.

　　III. Deepening the reform of cruise vehicles

　　(4) Reform the management system of the right to operate. All new rental car operating rights shall be subject to term restrictions, and no further indefinite restrictions shall be imposed. The specific period shall be determined by the city people’s government according to the actual local situation. All new rental car operating rights shall be used free of charge, and the operating entity shall not be changed. If the existing rental car operating rights need to be changed within the term, the modification procedures shall be handled in accordance with the conditions and procedures stipulated by laws and regulations, and no speculation or unauthorized transfer shall be allowed. For existing rental car operating rights that do not specify the specific operating period or have been used for compensation, the city people’s government shall comprehensively consider all factors, scientifically formulate a transition plan, reasonably determine the operating period, and gradually cancel the paid use fee. Establish and improve the operation rights allocation and management system guided by service quality and reputation, and withdraw the operation rights in accordance with relevant regulations if the period of operation rights expires or there are major service quality problems, major safety production liability accidents, serious illegal business activities, and unqualified service quality and reputation assessments during the operation process.

　　(5) Completing the benefit distribution system. Taxi operators shall sign employment contracts or business contracts with drivers in accordance with the law. Contractors who adopt the contracting mode of operation and self-employed individuals who have obtained the right to operate shall obtain the qualification of taxi drivers, register for employment according to regulations and directly engage in operational activities. It is necessary to use Internet technology to better build a business model in which enterprises and drivers share operational risks and reasonably distribute benefits. Encourage, support and guide taxi enterprises, industry associations to negotiate on an equal footing with taxi drivers and trade unions, and reasonably determine and dynamically adjust the taxi contract fee standard or quota task according to factors such as operating costs and changes in freight rates. If the existing contract fee standard or quota task is too high, it should be reduced. It is necessary to protect the legitimate rights and interests of drivers and build a harmonious labor relationship. It is strictly forbidden for taxi companies to charge high collateral from drivers, and the existing collateral should be reduced if it is too high.

　　(6) Straighten out the price formation mechanism. All localities can implement government pricing or government-guided pricing for cruise car freight rates according to the actual situation in the region, and incorporate them into the government pricing catalogue according to law. Taking into account the operating costs of taxis, the income levels of residents and drivers, traffic conditions, service quality and other factors, scientifically formulate and timely adjust the level and structure of taxi freight rates. Establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for taxi freight rates, improve pricing rules, improve the linkage method between freight rates and fuel prices, and give full play to the leverage role of freight rates in adjusting the supply and demand relationship in the taxi transportation market.

　　(7) Promote the transformation and upgrading of the industry.Encourage cruise car operators and online taxi booking operators (hereinafter referred to as ride-hailing platform companies) to implement corporatized management in accordance with modern enterprise systems through mergers, restructurings, and absorption of shares, so as to achieve the integrated development of new and old business models. Encourage cruise car enterprises to transform and provide online ride-hailing services. Encourage cruise cars to provide operation services through telecommunications, Internet and other e-hailing service methods, promote the use of non-cash payment methods that meet financial standards, expand service functions, and facilitate public ride-hailing.Encourage self-employed people to form a company with a certain scale, implement organizational management, improve service quality, reduce management costs, and enhance anti-risk ability. Encourage business operators to strengthen branding, take the initiative to disclose service standards and quality commitments, carry out safety, integrity, and high-quality service creation activities, strengthen service quality management, and provide high-quality services.

　　IV. Standardize the development of online car-hailing and private passenger car sharing

　　(Eight) standardize the development of online car-hailing.Online car-hailing platform companies are providers of transportation services, and should have online and offline service capabilities, assume carrier responsibility and corresponding social responsibility. Drivers and their vehicles providing online car-hailing services should meet the basic conditions for providing passenger transportation services. Market-adjusted prices are implemented for online car-hailing, and government-guided prices may be implemented if the city people’s government deems it necessary.

　　(9) Regulate the business behavior of online car-hailing. Online car-hailing platform companies shall make full use of Internet information technology, strengthen the production, operation and management of service vehicles and drivers, and continuously improve the ride experience and service level. Provide operation services in accordance with relevant state regulations and standards, reasonably determine the metering method, ensure the safety of operation and the legitimate rights and interests of passengers, and shall not engage in improper price behavior. Strengthen network and information security protection, establish and improve data security management systems, collect, use and protect personal information in compliance with the law, and shall not disclose sensitive information involving national security. The personal information collected and the business data generated shall be stored and used in the Chinese mainland. Online car-hailing platform companies shall safeguard and protect the legitimate rights and interests of drivers.

　　(10) Regulate private passenger car sharing. Private passenger car sharing, also known as carpooling and ride-sharing, is a shared mode of travel where the ride-sharing service provider publishes travel information in advance, and people with the same travel route choose to take the ride-sharing service provider’s passenger car, share part of the travel cost or help each other for free. Private passenger car sharing is conducive to alleviating traffic congestion and reducing air pollution. City people’s governments should encourage and regulate its development, formulate corresponding regulations, and clarify the rights and obligations of the three parties, including the ride-sharing service provider, the ride-sharing person, and the ride-sharing information service platform.

　　Create a good market environment

　　(11) Improve service facilities. The urban people’s government shall incorporate comprehensive taxi service areas, stopping points, waiting berths and other service facilities into the urban infrastructure building plan, make overall and reasonable arrangements, conscientiously organize and implement them, and properly solve the actual difficulties of taxi drivers in parking, dining, toileting, etc. In airports, stations, docks, shopping malls, hospitals and other large public places and residential areas, cruise bus waiting areas shall be demarcated to facilitate taxi operations and better provide services for passengers to travel.

　　(12) Strengthen the construction of the credit system. It is necessary to implement the service quality credit assessment system and the driver qualification management system, formulate taxi service standards, credit management systems for operators and employees, and clarify the basic requirements for operating in accordance with the law and providing honest services.Actively use the Internet, big data, cloud computing and other technologies to establish an evaluation system for taxi operators and drivers, strengthen the recording of information such as violations of laws and regulations, dishonesty, complaints and reports, and passenger service evaluations, as an important basis for taxi operators and employees to enter and exit, and incorporate it into the national credit information sharing platform and the national enterprise credit information publicity system.

　　(13) Strengthen market supervision.It is necessary to innovate supervision methods, simplify licensing procedures, and implement online processing.It is necessary to disclose information such as the main body, quantity, mode of acquisition and change of operating rights of taxi operators, conduct regular taxi service quality assessments and release them to the public, and further improve the transparency of industry supervision. It is necessary to establish a joint supervision and law enforcement mechanism led by the government, with the participation of departments and the linkage of blocks, and a joint punishment and exit mechanism. It is necessary to establish and improve the supervision platform, strengthen the supervision of the whole process, investigate and punish the behavior of taxis that hinder fair competition in the market and price violations in accordance with the law, and severely crack down on illegal operations, gathering crowds to disrupt social order, or inciting organizations to disrupt the operation order and damage the public

　　(14) Strengthen the construction of the legal system. It is necessary to accelerate the improvement of laws, regulations and standards for the management and operation of taxis, clarify management responsibilities and legal responsibilities, standardize qualification conditions and business licenses, and form a relatively complete system of laws and regulations for the management of taxis, business services and market supervision.

　　(15) Implement the main responsibility of the local people’s government. All localities should establish a reform leadership mechanism to strengthen the organization and leadership of deepening the reform of the taxi industry. It is necessary to formulate specific implementation plans, clarify work objectives, refine and decompose tasks, establish relevant departments, trade unions, industry associations and other multi-party joint working mechanisms, and steadily advance various reform tasks. It is necessary to strengthen social communication, smooth the channels for interest appeals, take the initiative to release information, respond to social concerns, build consensus on reform, and create a good public opinion environment. For major decisions in reform, it is necessary to carry out social stability threat and risk assessments, improve emergency plans, prevent and resolve various contradictions, and maintain social stability.

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ??? 　　General Office of the State Council

　???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????　July 26, 2016

　　(This article is published publicly.)

　　In the past Mid-Autumn Festival National Day holiday, the reporter of the Yangzi Evening News Ziniu news cycled more than 500 kilometers and delivered 173 orders of takeaway, realizing the hardships of the takeaway brother. The reporter braved the rain to deliver milk tea to the construction engineering company next to Niushou Mountain, and also went to Sanqiao Wetland Park to deliver camping ingredients for foreign tourists on the full moon night of the Mid-Autumn Festival, and crossed the Jiajiang River many times to deliver supper to the citizens. The reporter observed that the number of orders sent to construction sites, parks, and subway stations has increased significantly. These orders are far away, off-road, and difficult to deliver. When the reporter finished work late at night, he was also cared for by restaurant owners and roadside stall owners many times, which made the reporter feel warm and warm.

　　Ziniu News reporter, Yan Chunxu

　　1. More than 10 takeaways were sent to the construction site, and the truck driver ate in the car

　　At 6:21 p.m. on September 29, the reporter received an order from the platform to pick up the food from the braised chicken and rice (Gemdale Central Store) and deliver it to a tram limited company near Exit 8 of Yuzui Subway Station, about 4.2 kilometers apart. When the reporter finished picking up the food and prepared for delivery, he saw an order for Exit 8 of Yuzui Subway Station, but he grabbed the order directly by the way. At this time, the platform sent another order to a construction site at the intersection of Baoshuang Road and Tianbao West Road in Yuhuatai District.

　　At 7 pm, the reporter finished delivering the second order from Exit 8 of Yuzui Subway Station and was ready to rush to the construction site where the customer was located. The reporter immediately panicked after seeing that the two places were about 4.1 kilometers apart from the navigation. There were still 3 minutes to time out, so he had to bite the bullet and follow the navigation. When he got closer, he found that there was a cement road under the bridge. The reporter walked about 100 meters in the dark, and he could vaguely see something in the shape of a ladder. When he got closer, he found that it was a step. The reporter pushed the electric car along the narrow slope next to the steps and slowly walked forward. When he saw the bright light, he turned to the Tin Hau Bridge. The reporter turned two or three corners on the bridge before pushing the electric car down the steps at the other end of the bridge. When he went down the steps, he also turned several corners. As soon as the reporter got off the bridge, it was pitch black in front of him again, and he could only identify the concrete road by the dim light of the electric car. After getting off the bridge, the reporter walked all the way along the potholed path next to the Qinhuai New River, and the road ahead became narrower and narrower, and some places were still dirt roads. The reporter drove forward for five or six minutes and turned more than 10 turns before seeing the construction sites on both sides.

　　When the reporter delivered the takeaway to the customer, the platform showed that it had been 18 minutes overtime. The reporter felt guilty and kept apologizing to the other party. The other party also comforted: "It doesn’t matter, the place is difficult to find, and it is at night. Everyone understands, it would be nice if you could deliver it."

　　During the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holiday, the reporter sent more than 10 takeout orders to the construction site or the company. Every time they arrived at the construction site, the workers were already waiting at the door. One worker told the reporter: "In order to send the children to school, they usually eat at the construction site canteen. It happened to be the Mid-Autumn Festival, and they ordered more than 20 yuan of Malatang."

　　On the evening of the 5th, the reporter received an order to be sent to the entrance of Yangzijiang Avenue. Since this place is close to the construction site, the reporter thought that the worker had written the wrong location. When calling to confirm, he learned that the other party was a large truck driver who temporarily stopped in Nanjing to rest. The truck driver said on the phone: "This is ordered by my daughter. It doesn’t matter if it is earlier or later. Don’t worry on the road and pay attention to safety."

　　2. Camping and barbecuing have become a trend, and they rush to the riverside to deliver ingredients to tourists on rainy nights

　　At 7:02 p.m. on September 30, the reporter received an order from a hot pot barbecue food supermarket on Wuhou Street, Jianye District. The delivery fee was 8.5 yuan, and it was delivered to the Finless Dolphin Plaza in Sanqiao Wetland Park, 5.2 kilometers away. The reporter specially checked the map before departure, and thought that the destination must cross the Qinhuai New River, pass through Baoshuang Bridge, and get off the stairs. During the actual delivery process, the reporter found that the resistance was even greater, and there were many construction sites. There were many construction vehicles parked on the road next to the construction site.

　　At 7:31 p.m., the reporter finally arrived at the finless porpoise square in Sanqiao Wetland Park, shared the location with WeChat by phone, and found the customer. When the customer received the barbecue ingredients and grill from the reporter, they kept thanking: "Please, please send it all the way!" The customer who originally ordered came to Nanjing from Yiwu, Zhejiang to visit, camped at the finless porpoise square in Sanqiao Wetland Park in the evening, tasted the duck blood fans in Nanjing that day, and liked Nanjing’s food very much.

　　The reporter noticed that during the Mid-Autumn Festival National Day holiday, Riverside Park has become a good choice for tourists from other places and Nanjing citizens to clock in. The reporter went to Yuzui Wetland Park, Sanqiao Wetland Park Finless Dolphin Square and Hexi City Ecological Park to deliver more than 10 orders of takeaway, and only on October 4 at noon, it was sent to Yuzui Wetland Park three times. In Yuzui Wetland Park, a variety of snack cars have attracted tourists from all over the world. Many families ride bicycles in the park to enjoy the scenery everywhere. There are 20 or 30 tents on the grass alone.

　　I ran more than 500 kilometers in 3 or 8 days, and I was often moved during the delivery process

　　On the early morning of October 5, after the reporter finished work, he met a boss selling fried skewers near Hexi Gemdale Plaza, as well as a security guard from a nearby community. The reporter handed the selected skewers to the boss and said, "Roll me two cakes, one is not enough to eat!" After hearing that there were cakes, the security guard next to him also said to the boss, "I will also add two more cakes, how much is it?" The owner of the fried skewers stall said, "No need, I will give it to you." When the reporter said that he wanted to pay, the boss also said, "I don’t want the money, and I will give it to you. It is not easy for everyone to work outside, they are all brothers." Hearing the boss’s words, the reporter and the security guard quickly thanked the owner of the fried skewers stall.

　　In the past 8 days, the reporter cycled more than 500 kilometers and delivered 173 takeaways, generating 1165.3 yuan in delivery income and 55 yuan in activity income. Three orders were deducted 9.74 yuan by the platform for overtime, and one customer was dissatisfied by the platform. 3 yuan was deducted, and 8-day insurance premiums were deducted 20 yuan. A total of 1187.56 yuan was earned.

　　The reporter started to deliver food on the evening of September 28, and the working hours are from 10 am to 2 pm and 5 pm to 1 am the next day. Although the reporter may feel frustrated when the order is overdue or receiving bad reviews from customers, it is with the help of these strangers around him that people no longer feel cold in the early morning rain. Every corner of society is full of care, so that everyone who works hard for their dreams will not feel lonely.

　　On November 6th, 2023, the selection of "China Heart" 2023 Top Ten Engines and Hybrid Systems officially came to an end. Dongfeng Motor’s Mach-electric hybrid DH-i hybrid technology successfully won the "China Heart" 2023 Top Ten Engines and Hybrid Systems Award for its "super fuel-saving, super power, super quiet and super smoothness" in full speed range and all scenes. As the world’s first hybrid system integrating "power shunt+multi-gear series-parallel connection", Mach-electric hybrid DH-i technology integrates the characteristics of multi-gear series-parallel connection with good power economy and smooth power shunt, achieving a double breakthrough in performance and energy saving.

　　The "China Heart" Top Ten Engines of the Year, sponsored by Automobile and Sports magazine, ranks with "Ward Top Ten Engines" and "International Engine of the Year" as the top three engines in the world, and its authority and gold content in the industry are obvious to all. As a representative work of self-owned brand hybrid technology, Mach electric hybrid DH-i hybrid system technology won the "China Heart" Top Ten Engine and Hybrid System Award, which proved that China’s own brand has been ahead of the joint venture brand in the field of hybrid technology.

　　The strength is superior and the glory is added. The debut of Mach Power is the peak.

　　Mach-electric hybrid DH-i technology was born in Mach Power, an independent passenger car power brand owned by Dongfeng Motor, including Mach G, Mach MHD and Mach E, covering four major fields: oil power, hybrid power, electric power and hydrogen power. Since the official debut of the "Dongfeng Motor Brand Spring Festival" conference in 2021, Mach Power has successively won three top ten engines and hybrid systems of "China Heart", two special awards from the jury of CCTV Automobile Fengyun Festival, People’s Network "People’s Ingenuity" award and many other industry awards. The dazzling honor comes from extraordinary strength. Mach Power has been recognized by the industry for many years, and it is inseparable from strong technical reserves and profound research and development skills. This award-winning Mach-electric hybrid DH-i hybrid system is the third generation Mach-MHD hybrid system, and its performance parameters are ahead of the industry.

　　Mach-electric hybrid DH-i is the world’s first hybrid system integrating "power split+multi-gear series-parallel connection", which integrates the characteristics of multi-gear series-parallel connection, good power economy and good power split smoothness, and can achieve super fuel-saving, super power, super quiet and super smoothness in the full-speed scene of the whole vehicle. The hybrid system consists of a new Mach 1.5T hybrid special engine and Mach 4HD series hybrid electric drive. The thermal efficiency of the Mach 1.5T hybrid special engine is as high as 45.18%. It was certified by China Automotive Research Institute in early 2023, and the record has not been broken so far. The maximum power of the engine reaches 118kW and the maximum torque is 240Nm. Mach 4HD series hybrid electric drive has the most gears in the industry, 7 energy management modes and 26 working modes. Based on the self-developed intelligent control system, through continuous optimization and calibration practice on the whole vehicle, taking the optimal comprehensive efficiency as the core and combining with other performance requirements, the optimal mode and operating point suitable for each scene are intelligently selected. Under comprehensive working conditions, more than 95% working points of the engine are running in the high-efficiency range of the engine with thermal efficiency greater than 40%, thus improving the efficiency of the whole hybrid system and making the whole vehicle fuel-efficient, safe, smooth and powerful in the full-speed scene.

　　Hard core strength does not believe in the limit, and dongfeng fengshen Haohan PHEV is amazing.

　　There are two versions of Mach-electric hybrid DH-i, HEV and PHEV, among which the PHEV version, which participated in the "China Heart" Top Ten Engine Selection, has a maximum power of 265kW and a comprehensive maximum torque of 615 N m. Based on the 4-speed parallel connection/dual-mode power split, the PHEV version significantly improves the output torque of the wheel end from 0 to 90 km/h, with the peak torque reaching 5200Nm, and the hybrid mode accelerates to 6s level, and the climbing and overtaking abilities are significantly improved.

　　Thanks to the strength of Mach electric hybrid DH-i hybrid system, dongfeng fengshen Haohan PHEV has achieved the ultimate experience of power loss and fuel consumption as low as 3.8L/100km, comprehensive cruising range of 1,350 km, 0-100km acceleration in 6s and zero frustration in gear shifting, which fully embodies the brand connotation of Mach Power "extremely fast, extremely economical, extremely quiet and extremely demanding".

　　Driven by the strategy of "peak carbon dioxide emissions, Carbon Neutralization", the penetration rate of new energy in China automobile market continues to rise, and hybrid technology, as a new energy technology route that can not only give consideration to cruising range, but also improve energy efficiency, is increasingly welcomed by consumers in the market. Dongfeng Mach hybrid DH-i, with its strong strength and excellent technical indicators, has set a new benchmark for China’s own brand hybrid technology. With the blessing of industry-leading technology, Dongfeng will also bring more powerful, energy-saving, safer and more comfortable new energy products to consumers, and walk out of the road of new energy belonging to China’s own brand.

　　On March 30, 2015, the first new-generation Beidou navigation satellite (the 17th satellite of Beidou Navigation) was successfully launched at the Xichang Satellite Launch Base. Starting from this satellite, Beidou satellites will haveintersatellite linkIt allows various satellites to achieve barrier-free real-time communication in space, allowing for "space conversations" at any time.

　　Beidou No. 2: "Ten years ago, I didn’t know you, you don’t belong to me.

　　What is an inter-satellite link?Inter-satellite link refers to the communication link established between satellites, which can connect multiple satellites together to form a satellite network. Information sharing between satellites is achieved by means of electromagnetic waves, and wireless links with data transmission and ranging functions.The inter-satellite link of Beidou satellites is mainly used to realize information transmission and two-way measurement between Beidou satellites.

　　At present, other navigation systems in the world are studying "inter-satellite link" technology, and each has its own characteristics, such as the UHF band low-speed wide-beam inter-satellite link of GPS in the United States, the S-band low-speed wide-beam inter-satellite link of the Russian GLONASS navigation system, and the Ka-band phased array medium-speed inter-satellite link in our country.

　　Can’t live without you

　　Through the inter-satellite link, the independent operation of the Beidou satellite global system will be realized, the accuracy of orbit determination and timing will be improved, the injection frequency will be improved, and the dependence on ground stations will be reduced, effectively reducing the operation and management costs of the system.The management and maintenance of navigation satellites requires the support and cooperation of the ground station, and the user’s positioning accuracy depends on the accurate determination of the satellite position and satellite time by the ground station, and is injected into the satellite to broadcast to the user.

　　For example, the United States has military bases all over the world, and GPS ground stations can choose the best location around the world to achieve all-weather seamless coverage, high orbit determination accuracy, and high injection frequency. The main control station is located in Colorado, the mainland of the United States, with three injection stations: Ascension Island, Diego Garcia Island, Kwajalein Island, and five monitoring stations (Colorado, Ascension Island, Diego Garcia Island, Kwajalein Island, Hawaii Island).

　　Compared with GPS and Galileo, China’s Beidou relies more on inter-satellite links.

　　For security and other factors, our country has only carried out ground station construction in China, so when the satellite runs to the place where the ground station cannot observe, how does the Beidou navigation satellite work? The answer is that we have inter-satellite links. Each satellite can act as a "router", and it can manage overseas stars through domestic stars without building websites around the world.

　　What if a war breaks out and the ground station is damaged or disturbed? It doesn’t matter, with the interstellar link, our Beidou satellites can be self-reliant and self-sufficient, enter the autonomous operation mode without ground support, and continue to provide high-precision navigation, positioning, and timing services.

　　peacetimeThe high-precision inter-satellite/satellite-earth observation provided by the inter-satellite link can make up for the regional layout defects of the Beidou satellite navigation system monitoring station in our country, manage overseas satellites, improve the injection frequency, and improve the comprehensive service performance of the system.

　　The results show that the orbit determination accuracy of one ground station anchoring satellite-ground link and inter-satellite link data is similar to that of six L-band monitoring stations on the ground except that the orbital plane along the track direction accuracy is slightly worse. Combined orbit determination of inter-satellite link data and L-band data can improve the L-band orbit determination accuracy.

　　Special periodIn extreme cases such as ground station destruction or interference, the Beidou satellite system can operate autonomously with the help of inter-satellite links, providing high-precision navigation, positioning, and timing services within 60 days without ground support.

　　The inter-satellite link provides services for the Beidou system while also providing part-time services: providing communication and measurement and control support for spacecraft, missiles and other aircraft.

　　China’s intersatellite link system has entered the era of "smart phones", representing the technology trend of next-generation satellite navigation systems.

　　The most outstanding features include:

　　1, China’s inter-satellite link system, 70,000 km ranging accuracy to centimeter level, equivalent to seeing a hair strand dozens of kilometers away, the measurement accuracy is higher than GPS.

　　2. China’s inter-satellite link system is like a "mobile phone call", which is used by several people in a house and does not interfere with each other, while the GPS inter-satellite link is a "mass broadcast", which interferes with each other. One line works, and the other lines must be silent.

　　According to the Doppler effect, the electromagnetic wave frequency radiated by an object varies due to the relative motion of the wave source and the observer. The faster the object, the greater the error in the received frequency, and the Doppler shift will affect the communication performance.

　　Therefore, eliminating or reducing the influence of Doppler frequency shift on wireless communication is a problem that must be solved for wireless communication in high-speed motion, and the inter-satellite link needs to complete the fast acquisition and tracking of high-dynamic signals in a very short time.

　　The maximum speed of high-speed rail is 350KM/h, which is about 100m/s, while the relative speed of satellites can reach 5000m/s. The Beidou inter-satellite link can complete a series of complex signal processing such as capture and tracking at extremely high speed in 100ms, and complete the high-speed establishment and handover of the inter-satellite link.

　　Take China as an example.The country farthest from China geographically is Argentina, the distance between Beijing, China and Buenos Aires, Argentina is about 22,000 kilometers, and the farthest distance between the two satellites in space is 70,000 kilometers.

　　This 70,000 kilometers is the furthest distance in the world, but it is also the closest distance. Two satellites are 70,000 kilometers apart, but they always know where each other is, and the accuracy of satellite position prediction can reach the meter level. This accuracy is equivalent to accurately hitting a human-sized target in Argentina in China. This is not a hundred steps through the yang, it is a hundred steps through the needle.

　　The energy of the satellite is provided by two small solar panels. As an energy-limited system, the lower the power of the transmission is required, and the distance between the two satellites is so far. After a long space walk, the electromagnetic wave signal has long been submerged in the vast noise.

　　How low is the signal power that our interstellar link needs to receive? Simply put, it is equivalent to 1/1 billion of the signal power received by our mobile phones. Cunning enemies are everywhere, always playing tricks in the dark, and the interstellar link has its own countermeasures. It can still work freely when the strength of the jamming signal is 100,000 times that of the useful signal.

　　The intersatellite link independently developed by our country can quickly capture satellite signals flashing 70,000 kilometers away from such a low signal power. Through the intersatellite link, China’s Beidou satellite can quickly complete a handshake when flying at high speed in the vast space. After the handshake, the information exchange between the two satellites is completed, and the distance between the satellites is accurately determined. The distance measurement accuracy of 70,000 kilometers can reach 1 cm.

　　In addition to the Ka intersatellite link that has been successfully verified, we also have a laser intersatellite link, which will be an intersatellite highway. Please wait and see.

　　At 7:18 on January 12, 2018, the 26th and 27th Beidou Navigation Satellites developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Microsatellite Innovation Research Institute were successfully launched at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. With the "assistance" of the inter-satellite link, the Beidou-3 project’s global networking and system services are one step closer!

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China children’s programming market has huge room for growth in the future.

Children’s programming education is to cultivate students’ computational thinking and innovative problem-solving ability through programming game enlightenment, visual graphic programming and other courses. For example, in the process of making a small animation, students split tasks, drag modules and control the progress themselves, so as to understand the concepts of "parallelism", "event handling" and "goal realization". It is mainly aimed at teenagers aged 3-18.

In 2014-2019, there were frequent policies related to children’s programming education in China, and the policy support continued to increase. At present, the teaching scenes of children’s programming education in China are mainly divided into three categories. At present, children’s programming education enterprises take the B-end as the main style, supplemented by the C-end. By the end of February, 2020, there were 7,110 children’s programming companies in China, with Guangdong Children’s Programming Company leading the country, and the top 10 children’s programming education institutions were headquartered in Shenzhen, Beijing and Hangzhou. In 2018, the corresponding age population of children’s programming industry in China is about 236 million. In 2019, it was about 237 million people. China’s children’s programming market has huge room for growth in the future.

1. The development of children’s programming education in China has attracted much attention.

In 2014-2019, China’s children’s programming policies were released one after another. The country has realized the importance of education, and issued many related policies to encourage and support the continuous development of programming education and information education, and promote the popularization and deepening process of programming education at the national basic education level. The policy covers key provinces and cities such as Zhejiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Tianjin and Chongqing.

2. Distribution of teaching scenes of children’s programming education in China.

The teaching scenes of children’s programming course are divided into three categories: non-public educational institutions, public educational institutions and families. By investigating the enterprises in the industry and comparing the landing degree in three scenarios, it is concluded that the current children’s programming education enterprises mainly adopt B-end, supplemented by C-end.

3. The headquarters of the top 10 children’s programming education institutions in China are concentrated in Shenzhen, Beijing and Hangzhou.

The children’s programming education industry in China has risen rapidly in recent years. With the blessing of multiple factors such as policy support and market maturity, children’s programming institutions have ushered in their own enthusiasm in the cold winter of capital. According to the data of Internet Weekly, the top 10 children’s programming education institutions in China are ranked as follows:

4. The number of children’s programming companies in Guangdong Province leads the whole country.

China’s children’s programming is still small in scale and relatively scattered in institutions, mainly distributed in first-tier cities such as Beishangguangshen and Shenzhen, and offline institutions are also mainly concentrated in first-and second-tier cities.

By the end of February, 2020, there were 438 children’s programming companies in China. In 2019, there were 7110 children’s programming companies in China. By the end of February 2020, domestic children’s programming companies were mainly located in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang, with 11,770, 3,529, 2,265 and 2,044 children’s programming companies respectively.

5. The overall corresponding age population of children’s programming industry in China is increasing year by year, and it is about 237 million in 2019.

The minimum age of children’s programming students in China is about 3 years old. At this stage, children’s cognitive and understanding abilities have reached a certain level and can begin to participate in such training. The oldest participants are 18-19 years old, that is, senior three students, and the population covered by the training generally coincides with the student group corresponding to K12 education. Therefore, Forward-looking Industry Research Institute adds up the number of students in kindergartens, primary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools in the national statistical bulletin on the development of education published by the Ministry of Education every year, and estimates the population aged 3-18 in China. From 2014 to 2018, the population aged 3-18 in China showed a slow growth trend. In 2018, the corresponding age population of children’s programming industry in China was about 236 million. In 2019, it was about 237 million people.

For the above data and analysis, please refer to Forward-looking Industry Research Institute, which provides solutions for industry, industry planning, industry declaration, and industry.

On February 17th, a video about a BYD new energy vehicle exploding and burning on a trailer in Yantai, Shandong Province was circulated on the Internet. According to the video, the towed car on the trailer started to emit smoke, then sparks began to flash at the bottom of the car, accompanied by crackling explosions, and finally it began to burn violently, and the whole car was quickly burned beyond recognition.

BYD Tang DM-i exploded and caught fire during consignment.

According to eyewitnesses, the incident occurred at about 1:10 pm on the 17th, near the East Yard of yantai mountain hospital, Guanhai Road, lai shan. At the time of the incident, the trailer was waiting for the green light at the intersection, but the bottom of BYD’s new energy vehicle towed by the car suddenly splashed with sparks, and there was a crackling explosion. Then smoke billowed, which ignited a fire, instantly wrapping the car body, and the car owners in the same industry drove away. At the critical moment, a nearby sprinkler arrived in time to put out the fire, and the fire was completely extinguished by the firefighters who followed, but at this time, this new energy vehicle had been burned to only one body.

At the scene of the accident, Yantai fire rescuers who came out to the police rescue told the verification media that fortunately there was no one in the car at that time and the cause of the fire was under investigation. BYD’s official customer service only said in the next day’s inquiry that the relevant information has not been received, and the specific reasons are still unknown, and it is necessary to wait for the investigation results to determine.

At present, it is not clear whether the car was consigned after the accident or failed to be consigned by itself, so it is impossible to analyze and define the main causes of its spontaneous combustion and fire. However, according to the live video, it can be found that sparks are constantly flashing at the bottom of the vehicle and crackling explosions are heard at the initial stage of the fire. From this, it can be roughly determined that the battery is indispensable for the violent combustion, and even the fire site may be the battery.

Judging from the body of the live video, it should be BYD Tang’s 2021 DM-i model that caught fire. The car was officially launched during the Shanghai Auto Show in April 2021. There are three models in total, and the price range is 189,800-216,800 yuan.

Tang DM-i is a heavyweight model introduced by BYD to replace the fuel version. According to the official statement, "it took nine years to finally produce this subversive model of Pratt & Whitney Volkswagen". The car is equipped with BYD plug-in hybrid system, which is composed of a turbo-charged 1.5Ti high-efficiency engine dedicated to Xiaoyun-plug-in hybrid of Miller cycle and an EHS electric hybrid system, and adopts Ferrous lithium phosphate "blade" battery dedicated to BYD hybrid.

Blade battery is an innovative product that BYD is proud of in the field of power battery. Tang DM-i is equipped with a power Ferrous lithium phosphate "blade" battery, which is different from the lamination process of BYD EV models, and adopts a winding process. Each group of blade batteries has a biscuit-shaped pole core, and a plurality of battery cells are integrated in series inside each pole core, while the whole battery pack is composed of a plurality of pole cores connected in series, and finally packaged into a "blade" battery. One of the outstanding advantages of this battery is that its heat dissipation capacity is good, and the battery uses Ferrous lithium phosphate as the positive electrode, so its performance is relatively stable, so its safety factor is relatively high in theory.

It is precisely because of this that Wang Chuanfu, Chairman and President of BYD’s Board of Directors, once said at the super conference of "Blade battery is unsheathed and safe in the world" on March 29, 2020, "Blade battery embodies BYD’s determination to completely end the safety pain point of new energy vehicles, and it will redefine the safety standard of new energy vehicles." "New energy vehicles equipped with blade batteries will completely erase the word spontaneous combustion from the dictionary of new energy vehicles."

BYD’s "blade" battery became famous in the first world war because of the puncture experiment, and it was spread in the industry. Later, it was fully promoted and applied in all models of BYD’s new energy, and made great contributions to BYD. Supposedly, such an innovative product should completely reassure consumers, but the reality is somewhat embarrassing for Boss Wang.

In fact, not only BYD Tang DM-i, but also Han DM-i, BYD e6, BYD e2, Qin Pro, Yuan EV, Song Pro DM-i, Seals and Dolphins. Just search the network news, and you will find that BYD’s new energy series vehicles have had fire or spontaneous combustion accidents, and some vehicles are still relatively frequent, and they have emerged from time to time on the network.

Original sin or quality problems in key parts

Take the protagonist Tang DM-i as an example. In recent years, spontaneous combustion accidents are not uncommon. For example, on January 26, 2022, some netizens broke the news that a BYD Tang DM-i in Shanghai caught fire on the way to the trailer. This is really a coincidence. The situation is so similar to this accident that Xiaobian thought it was the same incident at first, and then carefully identified the license plate number and confirmed that it was two accidents. This accident eventually led to the complete burning of the car.

Also in Shanghai, on March 19th, one month later, it was revealed that the BYD Tang DM-i newly mentioned by a car advocate in Shanghai spontaneously ignited in the parking space of the community. According to the information provided by the owner and the chat record, the car caught fire at around 5 am that day, which caused the car next to it to be burned to varying degrees. According to the owner, the car was not charged at that time, but just parked there.

This is only a corner of Shanghai, and it is only a short period of incomplete online exposure news. Search those online news that have not been deleted, and you will find that BYD Tang DM-i spontaneous combustion accidents are all over the place, and there are many more.

Objectively speaking, with the widespread use of new energy vehicles, fire accidents are indeed rising. According to the statistics of the Fire and Rescue Bureau of the Emergency Management Department, in 2021, there were 3,000 fire accidents in new energy vehicles nationwide. It seems inevitable that a hot-selling new energy vehicle will have some spontaneous combustion accidents, but the mistake is that BYD Wang’s boss should not talk too much.

What’s more, such an accident is a very disturbing disaster for any individual consumer. If there are casualties in the accident, it will be a family tragedy. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the causes of spontaneous combustion of BYD Tang DM-i, even Qin Pro, Yuan EV, Song Pro DM-i and so on.

On April 29th, 2022, a recall notice issued by the State Administration of Markets indicated that 9663 Tang DM models produced from September 2nd, 2021 to March 14th, 2022 would be recalled from now on. The reason for the recall is that the installation surface of the battery pack trays of these vehicles is uneven due to manufacturing reasons, and there is a risk of water ingress. "This may cause the electrical circuit of the power battery system to fail. In extreme cases, there is a risk of thermal runaway of the power battery, which poses a safety hazard."

On July 29th, 2022, another recall notice issued by the State Administration of Markets revealed that BYD had expanded the recall scope of Tang DM and decided to recall 52,928 Tang DM electric vehicles produced from April 5th, 2021 to April 18th, 2022 from now on. The reason for the recall is that "some vehicle power battery pack trays are at risk of water ingress, which may cause arcing in the high-voltage system and pose a safety hazard."

In fact, people who don’t understand these technical terms, whether it’s thermal runaway or high-voltage system arcing, may not be too concerned. But in other words, if the common people can understand it, it is: the battery is overheated to the limit, which will cause the battery to burn or explode; As for the high-voltage system, it is simpler to pull the arc. Have you ever seen the transformer switch on? "Zizi" sparks with lightning all the way, and the high-temperature arc generated by high voltage and high current can ignite the surrounding combustible materials in an instant.

Therefore, judging from the spontaneous combustion accidents of DM-i in Tang Dynasty, although BYD conducted cold treatment in most cases afterwards, and did not give specific reasons and follow-up news, it is not difficult to find from the official announcement that the quality control of DM-i in BYD Tang did have serious problems that might lead to spontaneous combustion, so that it had to start a recall.

Returning to this consignment spontaneous combustion accident, although the specific reasons are still under investigation, consumers can also reasonably doubt their quality control. In fact, we fully understand consumers’ concern about safety, but we don’t pay so much attention to the cause or process of the accident. Because no matter whether you are short-circuited, flooded, uneven or out of control, as long as your results lead to fire, spontaneous combustion or explosion, there is virtually no difference to consumers-from car burning to "human purgatory (if you can’t run away)".

As a leading new energy vehicle company, we should pay more attention to the reasonable concerns of consumers, especially the safety concerns, and we should not be negligent. After all, vehicle safety involves many aspects, not only batteries, but also supporting systems, body structure, etc. It is an organic whole, and no one can neglect it. If the quality control is neglected, it can also lead to the abandonment of all previous efforts. Therefore, BYD needs to make more efforts in product line quality control and ex-factory quality inspection.

　 　 　 　Cctv news Recently, with the success of Qingzhi Technology, an enterprise in Suzhou High-speed Railway New Town, in realizing the large-scale industrialization of intelligent driving products, and Innovusion (Tudatong) successfully completed the off-line of the 50,000th image-level ultra-long-range laser radar, the mass production capacity of enterprises in Suzhou High-speed Railway New Town in the field of intelligent driving has made a new leap forward, and "Intelligent Driving Avenue" is entering mass production.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of Tudatong, in July this year, the company has taken the lead in reaching the 10000th off-line of high-performance lidar. Facing the increasingly diversified application scenarios and the growing industry demand, the enterprise did not stop there. After three months of painstaking research, all resources were fully mobilized, and with the close cooperation of the team, rigorous debugging and testing, and deep running-in between the upstream and downstream of the industry, the production capacity finally climbed smoothly, achieving a breakthrough of 50,000 off-line image-level ultra-long-range laser radars, and boosting the large-scale application of high-performance laser radars in enterprises to a new level.

　　It is understood that TuDatong series products cover a complete combination of software and hardware, providing diversified solutions for different industries and application scenarios, and are widely used in different fields such as high-level assisted driving, automatic driving, intelligent networked cars, smart high-speed, rail transit and industrial automation. 50,000 image-level ultra-long-range laser radars are another big step for TuDatong to promote smarter, safer and better travel.

　　As the pioneer and main battlefield of the development of smart car networking industry in Xiangcheng District, Suzhou High-speed Railway New City actively seizes opportunities, plans ahead, tries first, and makes precise efforts in terms of industrial layout, platform building and policy support. As more and more enterprises realize technology mass production and get on the train, Suzhou High-speed Railway New City is taking the lead and contributing to Suzhou’s full integration into the Yangtze River Delta and building a strong city of socialist modernization.

　　Beijing, March 25 (Xinhua) Recently, the General Administration of Market Supervision announced the Measures for the Administration of Internet Advertising, which will be implemented on May 1.

　　The Measures further clarify the responsibilities of advertisers, Internet advertising operators and publishers, and Internet information service providers; Actively respond to social concerns, and regulate behaviors such as pop-up advertisements, open-screen advertisements, and using smart devices to publish advertisements; Refined the advertising supervision rules in key areas such as "soft-text advertising", Internet advertising with links, bidding ranking advertising, algorithm recommendation advertising, live Internet advertising, and disguised advertising subject to censorship; The new regulations on the jurisdiction of advertising spokespersons provide an important institutional guarantee for strengthening the supervision and law enforcement of Internet advertising, and also give new momentum to the standardized and orderly development of Internet advertising.

　　Webpage screenshot

　　Specifically, the Measures make the following provisions:

　　These advertisements are prohibited from being published.

　　— — No unit or individual may use the Internet to design, produce, act as an agent or publish advertisements for products or services whose production and sale are prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, or for goods or services whose advertising is prohibited.

　　It is forbidden to use the Internet to publish tobacco (including electronic cigarettes) advertisements. It is forbidden to use the Internet to publish prescription drug advertisements. Where there are other provisions in laws and administrative regulations, such provisions shall prevail.

　　— — It is forbidden to publish advertisements for medical treatment, medicines, medical devices, health foods and formula foods for special medical purposes in disguised form by introducing health and health preservation knowledge.

　　When introducing health and health preserving knowledge, the address, contact information, shopping links and other contents of commodity operators or service providers related to medical treatment, medicines, medical devices, health food and formula food for special medical purposes shall not appear on the same page or at the same time.

　　— — Advertisements for medical treatment, medicines, health foods, formula foods for special medical purposes, medical devices, cosmetics, alcohol, beauty, and online game advertisements that are not conducive to the physical and mental health of minors shall not be published on websites, webpages, internet applications, WeChat official account and other Internet media aimed at minors.

　　These advertisements are subject to censorship.

　　Advertisements that should be examined according to laws and administrative regulations such as advertisements for medical treatment, medicines, medical devices, pesticides, veterinary drugs, health foods and formula foods for special medical purposes shall be examined by the advertisement examination organ before publication; Without review, it shall not be published.

　　Internet advertisements subject to censorship shall be published in strict accordance with the contents examined and approved, and shall not be edited, spliced or modified. If the contents of advertisements that have been examined and approved need to be changed, they shall re-apply for advertisement examination.

　　Advertisers shall clearly indicate "advertising"

　　Internet advertisements should be identifiable and enable consumers to identify them as advertisements.

　　For the goods or services ranked by bidding, the advertisement publisher should clearly mark "advertisement", which is obviously different from the natural search results.

　　Except in cases where laws and administrative regulations prohibit the publication or disguised publication of advertisements, if a commodity or service is promoted through knowledge introduction, experience sharing, consumption evaluation and other forms, and a shopping link is attached, the advertisement publisher shall clearly indicate "advertisement".

　　Who is responsible for the authenticity of the advertising content?

　　Advertisers should be responsible for the authenticity of Internet advertising content.

　　When an advertiser publishes an Internet advertisement, the subject qualification, administrative license, citation content, etc. shall meet the requirements of laws and regulations, and the relevant certification documents shall be true, legal and effective.

　　Advertisers can publish their own advertisements through self-built websites, their own clients, Internet applications, WeChat official account, online shop pages and other Internet media, or they can entrust advertising agents and publishers to publish advertisements.

　　Advertisers who publish Internet advertisements by themselves shall comply with the requirements of laws and regulations, establish advertisement files and update them in time. The relevant files shall be kept for not less than three years from the date of termination of advertising.

　　When an advertiser entrusts to publish an Internet advertisement, it shall notify the advertising agents and publishers who provide services to it in a timely manner in written form or in other ways that can be confirmed.

　　How to standardize "live broadcast with goods"?

　　Where a commodity seller or service provider promotes a commodity or service through live Internet broadcast, which constitutes a commercial advertisement, it shall bear the responsibilities and obligations of the advertiser according to law.

　　If the operator of the live broadcast room is entrusted to provide advertising design, production, agency and publishing services, it shall bear the responsibilities and obligations of the advertising operator and publisher according to law.

　　Live marketing personnel who are entrusted to provide advertising design, production, agency and publishing services shall bear the responsibilities and obligations of advertising operators and publishers according to law.

　　Live marketing personnel who recommend and prove goods and services in their own names or images, which constitute advertising endorsements, shall bear the responsibilities and obligations of advertising spokespersons according to law.

　　"Make sure to close with one button"

　　When publishing Internet advertisements in the form of pop-ups, advertisers and advertisement publishers shall clearly mark the closure sign to ensure one-click closure, and shall not have any of the following circumstances:

　　(1) The advertisement can only be closed if there is no closing sign or the time is over;

　　(two) the closure sign is false, unclear or difficult to locate, etc., which sets obstacles for the closure of advertisements;

　　(three) to close the advertisement, it must be clicked twice or more;

　　(four) in the process of browsing the same page and the same document, continue to pop up advertisements after closing, which will affect the normal use of the network by users;

　　(five) other acts that affect the one-button closure.

　　The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply to the open-screen advertisements displayed and released when the Internet application is started.

　　Do not mislead users to browse advertisements in these ways.

　　Do not cheat or mislead users to click or browse advertisements in the following ways:

　　(a) false system or software update, error reporting, cleaning, notification and other tips;

　　(two) false signs such as playing, starting, pausing, stopping and returning;

　　(3) False reward promises;

　　(four) other ways to deceive and mislead users to click and browse advertisements.

　　It shall not affect the normal use of the network by users.

　　The use of the Internet to publish and send advertisements shall not affect users’ normal use of the Internet, and shall not insert bidding advertisements into the results of searching government service websites, webpages, Internet applications, WeChat official account, etc.

　　Without the user’s consent, request or clear refusal, no Internet advertisement shall be sent to his means of transportation, navigation equipment, smart home appliances, etc., and no advertisement or advertisement link shall be attached to the e-mail or Internet instant messaging information sent by the user. (End)

Recently, with the sharp drop in the national temperature, the old problem that the battery life of electric vehicles has been greatly reduced has begun to appear again, and it has been denounced by the people all over the country on the Internet, involving almost all electric vehicle brands, especially Wuling, MODEL3 and Han, which are in the front row of sales.

Among the numerous crusades, there is a Shanxi netizen whose net name is "Handsome Brother". He broke the news that he bought the Han EV with a long battery life of one and a half months, and only ran for 230 kilometers from full charge to 5% left, which was nearly two-thirds less than the battery life of 605 kilometers.

Judging from the screenshot of the post, the post has a lot of traffic, with 352 likes and 1044 comments. Many people think that the attenuation of power battery actually reaches 62%. The author also thinks this data is incredible. After reading many articles, many people have got the concept wrong.

The author has been focusing on new energy vehicles for many years, and is very aware of the three killers that affect the battery life: battery attenuation, low-temperature activity of batteries, and high power consumption of heating and air conditioning. The battery life of a series of well-known electric vehicles that have been exposed recently is actually caused by the joint action of the three.

First, battery attenuation:

At present, the technology of power battery is very mature, and the attenuation of battery in normal use is actually very low. As long as it is used according to the instructions, the natural attenuation of battery is within the controllable range, and it can almost be used for vehicle scrapping.

Second, the low-temperature activity of the battery is reduced:

The research data show that at 0℃, the capacity of Ferrous lithium phosphate power battery is only 88% of that at 25℃, which is 12% lower. The reason is that power batteries are basically lithium-ion batteries, and the activity of lithium-ion will decrease at low temperature, and the lower the temperature, the lower the activity.

Third, heating and air conditioning power consumption:

Electric vehicles run on power batteries. Apart from the controllable attenuation and activity reduction, the power consumption of heating and air conditioning can be said to be the biggest culprit in reducing the battery life of electric vehicles. Taking the actual measurement by netizens as an example, Han EV heating and air conditioning is used at about 0 degrees, about 4KW/ hour for the first hour and about 2KW/ hour for continuous use.

Understand the above concepts, and then look at the use of Han EV of Shanxi car owner "handsome brother", which is easy to understand.

Some media reported that the owner used heating and air conditioning when driving. This is understandable. In November, the average daily temperature in Shanxi is about 5 degrees. If you don’t turn on the air conditioner, your hands will be stiff.

There is another detail in the post of "Handsome Brother": "I took the car with full electricity at the end of October, and now I have rushed twice, driving a total of 744 kilometers. After reading the posting time, on November 27, everyone should understand.

According to the owner, he charged the battery three times in a month or so, with a total journey of 744 kilometers and an average battery life of 248 kilometers, which is really consistent with the last time he said that he only ran 230 kilometers.

However, I noticed another data: "handsome brother" traveled 744 kilometers a month, with an average of 24.8 kilometers a day. This data is not high, which represents the daily driving of the vast majority of car owners and is basically equivalent to the average daily driving of passenger car owners in China.

So low, judging that "handsome brother" should be an office worker, he goes to and from work every day, four times a day, driving for several kilometers at a time, and 80% is driving in the urban area.

According to the normal driving speed in urban areas, the average speed will generally not exceed 20km/h, that is to say, "Handsome Brother" ran 744km after three times of charging, and the driving time may be as high as 37 hours or more. According to the heating data of Han air conditioner provided by netizens, in the first hour, it consumes about 4KW per hour, and if it keeps driving, it consumes about 2KW/ per hour later.

"Handsome brother" always travels only 24.8 kilometers every day, and the air conditioner will not be turned on for a long time every time, that is, it is in the most power-consuming interval, 4KW/ hour.

The battery life of electric vehicles is calculated by the time, but the air conditioner is not calculated by the time. Han runs 230 kilometers with a full charge of 76KW, and it takes about 9 hours to run in the short distance in urban areas. Only the air conditioner consumes electricity, it will use up 36KW, and then subtract 5% of the battery balance of about 4KW, leaving 36KW for driving. According to the proportional calculation, the normal battery life should be about 286 km.

Because the heating and air conditioning use a lot of electricity, the battery life for real driving is only about 286 kilometers, and then the battery activity is reduced by 12% at a low temperature of about 0 degrees, which is about 250 kilometers, which is basically consistent with the actual measurement of "handsome brother".

At this point, the truth is clear. Whether it is Han EV, MODEL3 or Wuling, the reason why the measured battery life is more than half is not the battery attenuation or the battery activity reduction, but the hot air conditioner is turned on.

Write at the end:

The author has been paying attention to new energy vehicles for many years, and sincerely advises consumers who are going to buy cars. If you don’t have fixed parking spaces and charging piles, it is really not recommended to buy electric vehicles, even for the sake of licenses! If you insist on it, first of all, you will be unhappy and full of complaints. Secondly, it is also a negative harm to the development of new energy vehicles, harming others and yourself.

For car owners with fixed parking spaces and charging piles, it is not a big problem that the battery life is greatly reduced by turning on the air conditioner in winter. After all, the current electric car has a battery life of 500 to 600 kilometers. Even if the air conditioner is turned on all the time, the battery life is enough for most people.

In fact, if you have a fixed parking space and a charging pile, park your car in the garage every night, hang up the charging pile and go home to sleep. This is the correct way to turn on the electric car. If you are used to it, it is really more convenient than refueling. It takes a lot of time to go back and forth to the gas station. Under the current situation of urban traffic jams.

Easy car number author provides articles.

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