Guizhou： the construction of industrial complex in tobacco-growing areas plays the March of rural revitalization
Industry is the foundation for rural revitalization.
Guizhou tobacco commercial system takes the construction of tobacco-growing industrial complex as a breakthrough, gathers resource elements on the basis of stabilizing tobacco industry, promotes the integrated development of tobacco leaves and diversified industries, and contributes to the revitalization of local villages.
According to the construction idea of "government leadership, tobacco leading, tobacco farmers’ main body, village organizations and multi-participation" established by Guizhou Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (company), Guizhou tobacco-growing areas strive to build tobacco-growing industrial complex into an important window to fully display the achievements of Guizhou tobacco agricultural modernization and a demonstration platform for the integrated development of agricultural industry in the province, and strive to achieve the vision of "strong tobacco leaves, beautiful tobacco-growing areas and rich tobacco farmers".
The land is "alive"
Land is the primary resource for agricultural production.
In the past, Lei Xiangwen, a tobacco farmer in Linkou Town, Qixingguan District, Bijie City, often had to worry about where to grow cigarettes. As a hardcore tobacco farmer who has been planting cigarettes for more than ten years, he has to plant forty or fifty acres of tobacco leaves every year, all of which are rented land. If the quality of tobacco leaves is good, it is necessary to carry out crop rotation, which brings a lot of pressure to Lei Xiangwen.
"Renting your own land is not only hard to find, but also a piece of land in the east and west. The land is broken and it is very inconvenient to plant." Lei Xiangwen said.
Since Bijie Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (company) began to build tobacco-growing industrial complex, the land problem has been effectively solved.
Tobacco farmers in Shachang Tobacco Station, Dafang County, Bijie City are working to replenish seedlings after transplanting.
"We take the town and village cooperatives as the main body, as long as all the land that can be sliced is transferred out, and then it is rented back to the business entity, mainly for planting flue-cured tobacco and vegetables." Wu Yangang, deputy mayor of Linkou Town, introduced that in Linkou Town, the construction of industrial complex in tobacco-growing areas was strongly supported by the local government.
In the fields, patches of vegetables and tobacco leaves are swaying in the wind and growing sturdily on both sides of the tractor-ploughing road extending in all directions.
"When my tobacco leaves are harvested this year, next year’s tobacco fields can be determined, and all of them will be rotated." Lei Xiangwen said.
Up to now, 31 provincial-level pilot complexes have been built in Guizhou tobacco-growing areas, with a total land area of 59,400 mu. Among them, 44,800 mu was centralized and unified by village collectives and tobacco farmers’ cooperatives, accounting for 75.4%, and 11 complex lands such as Kaiyang and Meitan achieved 100% circulation. In terms of circulation time, the proportion of circulation years over 5 years is 82%.
On the basis of stable land, local tobacco departments integrate resources from all sides, increase investment, and carry out infrastructure construction around the requirements of modern high-efficiency agriculture with mountain characteristics. These facilities can not only be used for tobacco production, but also benefit large-scale agricultural production.
In the tobacco-growing areas of Southwest Guizhou, a land transfer platform and a land transfer model based on "village committee+cooperative+tobacco farmers" were established, and a land bank was explored to implement the "three unifications" of centralized transfer, grid division and customized pricing to promote efficient land transfer, intensive management and upgrading of basic tobacco fields.
Baiwanyao fork rice complex in southwest Guizhou.
On this basis, the tobacco-growing areas in southwest Guizhou upgraded the curing barn to a biomass air-source heat pump curing barn, built organic fertilizer and biomass pellet processing plants, transformed the flue gas and water into a pipe network, built a high-standard farmland, built a green breeding base for natural enemies, and integrated facilities and equipment such as seedling greenhouses, curing barns and agricultural machinery to serve flue-cured tobacco and large agriculture, and shared the cost among multiple industries.
Industry "melts"
Industrial integration and development is the core of complex construction.
On the premise of stable tobacco planting, Guizhou tobacco-growing areas adhere to the ecological, green and high-end orientation in the selection of supporting industries, fully tap the advantageous agricultural industries with local historical characteristics, establish a stable "tobacco plus" planting system, promote the scale, standardization and characteristic development of the industry, and truly realize the transformation from "outstanding tobacco industry" to "full garden in spring" of the agricultural industry.
Standing on the industrial avenue of Linjiang Village, Jinhua Town, Fenggang County, Zunyi City, Han Xianjun, the mayor of Jinhua Town, pointed to the contiguous land on both sides of the road and said, "This year, tobacco leaves are planted on one side of the road, and rice is planted on the other side, so it will be rotated next year."
In addition to the "main melody melody" of tobacco leaves, various complexes play "concerto", and the industrial integration sings "multi-voice" well, and the characteristic industries such as rice, beans and vegetables that are coordinated and complementary with tobacco leaves are introduced, forming efficient planting modes such as tobacco-rice rotation, planting and breeding, and tobacco-vegetable stubble cropping.
Almost every tobacco-growing industrial complex in Guizhou has its own uniqueness.
In Huamao Complex, Bozhou District, Zunyi, tobacco leaves and rice are rotated, and vegetables are rotated and stubbled, which brings benefits to tobacco farmers all year round.
Industrial workers of industrial complex in Fengxiang Huamao tobacco-growing area work in tobacco fields.
In the tobacco-growing industrial complex of Anluohe Village, Anluo Township, Jinsha County, Bijie, organic flue-cured tobacco is matched with organic vegetables to realize "one village, one product" and develop customized characteristic agricultural products, and every family earns a lot of money.
Lan Zhongquan, a tobacco farmer in Chami Village, Baiwanyao Town, planted 87 mu of flue-cured tobacco last year in Baiwanyao Complex, Xingyi City, Southwest Guizhou Province. After picking and baking, he planted 70 mu of purple radish, with an yield of about 2500 kg per mu. The local government signed an acquisition contract with Yunnan Radish Processing Factory, with an output value of 150,000 yuan.
Comprehensive utilization of facilities and equipment in flue-cured tobacco industry. The seedling greenhouse in Chimi tobacco industry complex of Xingyi Municipal Bureau (branch) in southwest Guizhou is used to grow watermelons, making full use of the idle seedling greenhouse and giving full play to the maximum value of idle facilities and equipment.
Thanks to the large-scale land and unified planning, when developing supporting industries, each complex first solves the market sales and carries out industrial planting according to market orders, which effectively dispels the worries of farmers and makes the complex play a greater role.
Tongzi Maoshi Complex is an outstanding example of the deep integration of tobacco industry and local characteristic industries. According to Zhang Hongbing, the stationmaster of Maoshi Tobacco Station, Laogaoshan Food Co., Ltd. is a leading enterprise in Tongzi County and needs a large amount of vegetable raw materials every year. In the construction of the complex, Tongzi Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (branch) actively negotiated with Laogaoshan Company to vigorously develop "flue-cured tobacco+vegetables" planting, and docked orders with Laogaoshan Company in advance every year to allow farmers in the complex to plant vegetables according to orders.
In addition, around the demand of tobacco industry, Guizhou tobacco-growing areas actively develop tobacco extension industries such as self-made organic fertilizer, biomass pellet production and agricultural film recycling and processing in combination with the pilot practice. Focusing on the development direction of high output, product safety and environmental friendliness, they have promoted green production methods throughout the process, explored the development of new formats such as personalized customized services for agricultural products and agricultural crowdfunding, and focused on rice, edible fungi, sweet potatoes and other industries to cooperate with leading enterprises to carry out intensive processing of agricultural products and enhance the added value of products.
Tobacco-rice rotation can not only improve soil physical and chemical properties, reduce tobacco-rice diseases and insect pests, but also maximize land utilization and help tobacco farmers increase their income.
Farmers are "rich"
The purpose of rural revitalization and industrial development is to retain people and let the people find jobs nearby.
Focusing on "people", the most important factor of production, in addition to tobacco farmers, Guizhou tobacco-growing areas have made great efforts to cultivate two teams, namely, business subjects and service subjects, and let the masses deeply participate in the construction of the complex through various modes, so that the local people can enjoy the dividend of the construction of the complex.
New business entities are the main driving force of complex construction. Guizhou tobacco-growing areas will speed up the cultivation of new types of tobacco growers, focusing on planting professional households, family farms and planting cooperatives, and promote the large-scale planting, intensive management and professional development of tobacco leaves. At the same time, actively introduce agricultural companies and other supporting industrial business entities, guide the construction of raw material production and product processing bases, and promote the efficient and stable development of supporting industries.
In addition, Guizhou tobacco-growing areas vigorously cultivate new service subjects with industrial workers as the mainstay, coordinate industrial employment needs, rationally allocate labor teams, strengthen vocational skills training, and expand the scope of professional services.
Liu Dashuang, 63, is a native of Liaojiatun Village, Jufeng Township, Shiqian County, Tongren City. Because he is older and has no suitable job for going out to work, he works for local tobacco farmers at home, from tobacco transplanting to harvesting every year.
"I can earn almost 14,000 yuan a year, rent out 5 mu of land at home, and earn 2,000 yuan a year, which is enough for the old couple to live." Liu Dashuang said.
Focusing on optimizing the production organization mode, Guizhou tobacco-growing areas explore the business model of "leading enterprises+cooperatives+business entities+industrial workers", and through the cooperation between households, associations and enterprises, promote farmers to participate in the construction of the complex in various ways, such as industrial planting, resource sharing and labor employment, so as to realize the tobacco industry "planting at home, serving in the team and managing in the team" and the non-tobacco industry "planting at home, serving in the team and working in the team".
In 2021, the comprehensive output per mu of the industrial complex in tobacco-growing areas in the province reached more than 8,000 yuan, and the output value was nearly twice as high as that of other planting industries in the province. The specialized service and mechanized operation rates of key links reached 85% and 70% respectively. The industrial system in the pilot area was sound and complete, the level of integrated development was significantly improved, the service system was more efficient, the income of farmers continued to increase, and tobacco farmers in tobacco-growing areas developed steadily. (Text/Figure Wu Qinghai)
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