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After using the second generation big dog for one month, I will share my car experience and feelings with you!

The wheel eyebrows of the car body make the appearance more tough _, I believe everyone likes this style, and the scratches are not obvious, which is well received!

The storage box under the central control has a lot of space, so it is very convenient to take things, easy to take care of, very practical, and many things can be placed at ordinary times!

Add fuel number 92, eat coarse grains, do big things, that is, the fuel tank is only 60 liters, and it feels almost meaningless.

The maximum gap between the tire and the wheel eyebrows can be seen to be large, and the wheel stocks are 19 inches, which is very harmonious!

It’s really convenient, and there’s an inductive tailgate, which makes it easy to take and put things and liberate your hands!

Trunk belt, the sound quality is more delicate, but it is not exposed under the cover!

All four doors have strap test storage cup holders, so that every passenger can place a cup at will, which is well received!

The tailgate also has the original door handle, so don’t worry about what to do if the electric tailgate is broken. The designer is very careful!

The rear backrest supports angle adjustment, with two gears to make the ride more comfortable, and the feeling of riding in the rear is not much different from that of a car!

The original car has a steep slope descent function, and it will get twice the result with half the effort! Approach angle and the departure angle are very big, and there is no fear of camel bottom and general scraping!

I personally like this one in the off-road mode, which can grasp the vehicle dynamics in real time! Display angle, altitude, air pressure and other data!

The storage box in the co-pilot seat is quite satisfactory, enough! But there is, very ceremonial!

Wireless charging with heat dissipation function, high charging efficiency! I hope it’s better to charge vertically!

The main driver’s seat supports lumbar support and electric adjustment, which is great, and the welcome function of the seat is really useful!

Car experience:

First of all, I quite like his appearance. Many popular elements are added to the design. At first glance, the tough front face can make people feel that its gas field is full, and people feel domineering at all times. It can also attract a lot of attention when parked on the road, and the body also exudes the breath of young sports; There is also excellent dynamic performance, fast start, fast speed, overtaking or entering and leaving the underground garage without effort.

The storage space in the car is a little less and the volume is average, so it is not so convenient to store some small things with you.

There’s plenty of space in the front and rear rows. I’m burly, with a head of 183. It’s easy to turn left and right when I’m sitting and driving, and there’s plenty of head space. It’s not compact and depressing when I’m sitting in the back row with three boys. It’s also very convenient to pull some big luggage, but the storage in the car is not reasonable and the utilization rate is not high. Like my wife’s daily small items, it’s very inconvenient to pile them up in the back seat.

five

The motivation has basically reached my expectation. After all, as a young man, the requirements for speed will still be higher, and the second generation of big dogs can bring enough excitement. It is quite good to speed up with full load, and there is no feeling of frustration. When encountering overtaking on high-speed roads, it can be surpassed with one foot throttle. The initial stage is still very fast, even if the people are fully loaded, there is no meat at all.

five

The handling is good. I was deeply impressed during the test drive. With rich and practical intelligent auxiliary functions, even beginners can drive smoothly and easily. The steering wheel basically points to where to hit, and the hand feel is not light or heavy, just right, and the steering roll is not too big. If the car is cornered at high speed, the body is still stable, and the braking response is also very fast, which makes it look very linear and good.

The latest declassified documents and archives reveal the true inside story of some major events in the history of world socialism. Here, the author summarizes the research results of scholars from all over the world, and briefly introduces the historical and true insider disclosure of some major events.

Molotov’s myth that Lenin recommended Stalin as general secretary.

Two biographies of Stalin translated and published in 2014 (R. Xie Weisi: Biography of Stalin and C. Rebas and E. Rebas: Biography of Stalin: Fate and Strategy) all unanimously recognized that Stalin was nominated by Lenin as the general secretary. To this end, researcher Zheng Yifan of the Central Compilation Bureau published "Who is the behind-the-scenes pusher of Stalin as the general secretary? The article believes that there is no evidence to prove that Lenin suggested the establishment of the post of general secretary in the party, especially that Lenin recommended Stalin for this post. This paper holds that it is not surprising for Molotov, a die-hard Stalinist, to continue to emphasize the so-called Lenin nomination, but it is a bit ridiculous to say that Stalin is Lenin’s designated successor and Lenin’s closest comrade-in-arms and student when the archives about Lenin’s last days have been published. In fact, Kamenev and Zinoveyev have done a lot of work behind the scenes to put their own Stalin on this throne. At the April plenary session of the Central Committee in 1922, according to Zinoviev’s proposition, Kamenev proposed the appointment of Stalin as the general secretary of the CPC Central Committee. It can be seen that the post of General Secretary of Stalin was the common idea of Zinoveyev and Kamenev, which can explain why Zinoveyev, Kamenev and Stalin were able to quickly form a "troika" to control the supreme power in the near future. Lenin did not attend the central plenary session that decided Stalin to take the post of general secretary.

Historical Textual Research on the Founding Subject of "Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow"

Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, founded in the autumn of 1925, has trained a large number of political cadres and military talents for the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. However, for various reasons, there have always been different interpretations about the school’s running funds and founding subjects for many years. According to the declassified archives of the Comintern, the Communist Party of China (Bolshevik) and the China Revolution and the relevant memories of the parties concerned, Xu Yuan Palace of the Central Compilation Bureau analyzes the reasons why the Soviet side has long concealed the truth of the founding subject of Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow in the article Historical Textual Research. The article points out that on March 19th, 1925, the Communist Party of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee (Bolshevik) held a meeting to discuss the issue of establishing schools in the Soviet Union to train China revolutionaries, and considered it appropriate to expand the China branch of the Eastern Workers’ Communist University or establish a new China Workers’ Communist University. Although the choice and determination of the school site and principal, the composition of the school leaders, the solution of the school’s "organizational form" and the provision of start-up funds were all decided on the Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party of the Russian Communist Party (Brazzaville), the Soviet high-level officials stressed the need to keep this truth secret, mainly because it was convenient to explain and hand over to the Soviet people in distress at home; Don’t let the Beijing government seize the handle of the Soviet government’s interference in China’s internal affairs and subversion of China’s current regime; Avoid the international community, especially the governments of western capitalist countries, from grasping the pretext of the Soviet government exporting revolution and communism.

Russian archives reveal the inside story of the Communist International’s establishment of the "China Research Group"

The "China Research Group" is a temporary organization established by the Secretariat of the Comintern Executive Committee in 1939 to prepare the guiding documents for the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Its main tasks are three: first, to eliminate the harmful consequences caused by the Comintern and the CPC on the China issue; Secondly, it is related to the writing method and rich ideological content of the concise course of the history of the Communist Party of China (Bolshevik), and on this basis, it expounds the real history of the Communist Party of China (CPC); Third, on the basis of analyzing and studying the existing materials, prepare some important guiding documents for the upcoming Seventh Congress of the Communist Party of China. According to dimitrov’s instructions, the group focused on how to stop the danger of surrender and strengthen China’s war of resistance; How to consolidate the anti-Japanese national United front and Kuomintang-Communist cooperation; How to strengthen the Eighth Route Army and the Communist Party of China (CPC); How to continue War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and other four issues when the surrender of Kuomintang and the breakdown of cooperation between Kuomintang and Communist Party became a reality. The book "The Communist Party of China (Bolshevik), the Comintern and the Communist Party of China (CPC) in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression’s Period (1937 ~ 1943.5)" compiled by Russian scholars contains some documents about this group’s activities. The article "Comments on the Comintern China Research Group" by Zeng Chenggui, a researcher of Hubei Academy of Social Sciences, sorts out the archives. By studying this example, we can not only know the way, process and effect of the decision-making of the Comintern Executive Committee from one side, but also reflect the tendency of some senior cadres to be too biased towards Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang and ignore the independence of the Communist Party of China on the issue of China United front, and we can also deepen our understanding of Mao Zedong’sThe truth of the assertion that "the victory of China’s revolutionary struggle depends on Comrade China’s understanding of China".

Unveil the historical veil of the three major events of the Soviet Union in 1953.

In 1953, three major historical events occurred in the history of the Soviet Union: one was the "Kremlin doctor case"; The second is the case of "the mystery of Stalin’s death"; The third is the "beria Incident". There have been many biographies and memoirs at home and abroad to disclose the inside story and evaluation of these events, but there is no agreement. Wang Guixiang, an associate researcher at China Academy of Social Sciences, wrote in the article "Unveiling the Dust-laden Historical Veil —— Decryption of Soviet Archives about the 1953 Incident" that it is generally believed that the "doctor case" began with a letter from Jimashuk, a cardiologist at the Kremlin Hospital, who reported that zhdanov, a member of the Politburo, had been wrongly treated. As a matter of fact, there is indeed this letter, the content of which is only different medical diagnosis opinions on zhdanov’s heart disease, but it was used by Liu Ming, then deputy minister of national security and director of the investigation bureau, thus accusing the doctors of being recruited by the international Jewish bourgeois nationalist organization "Qiao Yingte", with the aim of physically destroying the party and state leaders through treatment. In fact, all the doctors mentioned in the letter are Russians, and there is no connection with the "Zionist conspiracy" at all. The "doctor case" is an unfinished anti-Zionist movement launched by Stalin before his death. So far, all kinds of statements about Stalin’s murder are only speculations, without any strong factual basis, and the "theory of death" is closer to the fact. The "beria Incident" was the product of the Soviet Union’s high-level power struggle after Stalin’s death. The real reason for the incident was the desire for power and fear of colleagues.Make them unite to plot against beria’s "palace coup", Khrushchev also ordered to save many documents that Stalin sent to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and People’s Committee, as well as beria’s private files with 11 large bags, all of which were put into the fire and burned to ashes, becoming a historical secret forever. Therefore, the charges of betraying the motherland, forming an anti-Soviet conspiracy and engaging in terrorist activities were also fabricated out of thin air.

Vietnamese Ambassador to China Huang Wenhuan questioned that Ho Chi Minh’s will had been tampered with.

On September 2, 1969, Ho Chi Minh died. On September 9, Vietnam held a state funeral for him and announced his will, but the will of less than 2,000 words left a long mystery after its publication. Jin Dianqiang’s article "Ho Chi Minh’s Will Leave Many Mysteries-Vietnamese Ambassador to China Huang Wenhuan Questioned that the will was tampered with" pointed out that Lê Duẩn, the former first secretary of the Central Committee of the Vietnamese Workers’ Party, and others thought that the situation was complicated at that time, and some contents in the will should be omitted and changed in order to achieve complete victory over the American aggressors and complete the reunification of the motherland. A few days later, the revised will of Ho Chi Minh was published in the People’s Daily, the organ of the Vietnamese Workers’ Party. On August 9, 1979, Huang Wenhuan held a Chinese and foreign press conference in Beijing, exposing the pro-Soviet and anti-China policies of the Lê Duẩn authorities, and exposing a bigger secret, namely, Lê Duẩn castrated or tampered with Ho Chi Minh’s will, and only published a handwriting to confuse the genuine with the genuine. One of the most important things is that Ho Chi Minh can’t have "as a person who has served the revolution all his life, the more I am proud of the strength of international communism and the workers’ movement, the more I feel sad about the discord between the fraternal parties!" The statement. In 1989, on the 20th anniversary of Ho Chi Minh’s death, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam not only announced that Ho Chi Minh’s death was delayed by one day, but also publicly admitted that there was an appendix to Ho Chi Minh’s will.

(The author is a researcher at Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences)

Original grapes no.11 consulting room

Photo: Huang Zi | Written by: Grape | Editor: Ruoying

Original article, please do not reprint without permission.

Hello, everyone, I am a grape!

Some time ago, I brushed such a news:

▲ Image source: Tik Tok

A girl’s eyes felt uncomfortable after finishing eyelash. When she went to the hospital, she found that the root of eyelash was covered with glue and the conjunctiva was red …

▲ Image source: Weibo

Coincidentally, another girl’s hair follicle was damaged due to frequent grafting eyelash, but her black eyelashes turned white.

▲ Image source: Tik Tok

Long eyelashes really look good, but these two news really dispelled the idea of wanting to receive eyelashes after grapes!

However, false eyelashes have become an indispensable part of girls’ makeup nowadays. Just open a social software to search for false eyelashes, and the screen is full of false eyelashes tutorials, videos posted by vs and recommended by false eyelashes.

Besides, the false eyelash industry is also rolling up now! Not only the traditional grafting eyelash, but also the more convenient false eyelashes that can be pasted and worn by oneself have become a new trend. Sunflower, Trilogy, Little Devil, Fox … That’s a complete style!

At the same time, there are more and more questions about false eyelashes, and we leave a message in the background to ask readers questions:

▲ Image source: Background message

Is the increasingly popular false eyelashes harmful? What are the differences between these common false eyelashes? Next, let’s take a look.

False eyelashes, how hot are they?

According to the White Paper on Eyelash Industry in China in 2023, the search volume and the number of buyers of false eyelashes in China have increased greatly in the past three years, which may be due to the fact that consumers have developed the habit of wearing false eyelashes in recent years, coupled with the promotion of mobile Internet platform and business marketing, the development prospect of false eyelashes can not be underestimated.

In addition, the white paper points out that there are as many as 1.2 million offline manicure and eyelash shops in China! Domestic eyelash products lead the global fashion trend, and many self-developed products such as self-grafted hairs are very popular.

▲ Image source: Reference [1]

The most representative false eyelash production base in the world is located in Pingdu, Shandong, China.

Searching for false eyelashes from various e-commerce platforms and Tik Tok, we will find that the sales volume of any one is tens of thousands+,and even several models have reached 100w+!

▲ Image source: a treasure

I believe that girls must have bought one or two false eyelashes even if they don’t put them on (please raise your hand if you have bought them), or they have fallen into dust, or they have fallen in love with each other since then … But judging from the evaluation of products and the experience shared by girls on social platforms, the latter is the majority, and grapes are the ones that will be put on after trying false eyelashes!

But! Friends, do you know anything about false eyelashes?

Know false eyelashes

The main component of false eyelashes is synthetic fiber (such as polyester fiber), but the chemical composition of adhesive used is complicated, mainly including latex, acrylate copolymer, lauryl alcohol, methylparaben and so on.

Common false eyelashes on the market now include: grafting eyelash, self-adhesive false eyelashes, magnetic false eyelashes and glue-free false eyelashes.

Grafting eyelash: In our common grafting eyelash, false eyelashes are not implanted into the skin, but glued to the real eyelashes one by one. About 40 to 80 false eyelashes are attached to each eye, and the effect can usually last for 3 to 4 weeks. If you don’t use cleansing oil when washing your face, the retention period will be longer.

▲ Image source: Google

Self-adhesive false eyelashes: glue is used to stick false eyelashes at the root of their own eyelashes, usually near the eyelid margin. It lasts for a short time and usually falls off after cleansing on the same day.

▲ Image source: a treasure

Magnetic false eyelashes: as the name implies, it is a magnetic false eyelash, which is fixed on the real eyelashes by adsorption with two pieces of false eyelashes with soft magnetic strips.

▲ Image source: a treasure

Glue-free false eyelashes: Glue-free false eyelashes are the latest popular one. They are similar to self-adhesive false eyelashes, except that they don’t need extra glue, but they are solidified into sticky strips with special technology, which is more convenient to take off and put on eyes directly.

▲ Image source: a treasure

After learning about false eyelashes, let’s talk about these false eyelashes. What are the health risks?

Health risks of false eyelashes

Eye injury

For the eyes, false eyelashes are a "foreign body", and putting such a foreign body around the eyes will have the risk of corneal damage. If false eyelashes irritate the cornea, or the glue is too thick and falls into the eye and scratches the cornea, this situation will be very serious.

The grape’s own personal experience is that it does have a foreign body sensation, which is of course related to different brands and styles. After the grape is pasted, it looks good, but it is necessary to rub it twice from time to time. I always feel that something pricks my eyes, and if I don’t pay attention to it, I will rub my eyes red … And if I don’t control the amount of glue, I will be forced to close my eyes in the blink of an eye, and my upper eyelid and lower eyelid will stick together, not to mention how embarrassing it is.

So this is actually a technical job ~

In addition, the use of sharp tools increases the risk of eye injuries during grafting eyelash’s eyelash gluing with himself. When an eye encounters a "stupid hand", you have to get two blows.

Eyelid swelling, conjunctival congestion

Grafting eyelash, glue will drip to the root of eyelashes, that is, the position of the eyelid margin, which is very sensitive. If you are allergic to glue or glue blocks pores, it will cause redness, itching and pain of eyelids, resulting in blepharitis, eyelid infection and even orbital inflammation.

Slide left and right to view, Figure 1: Eyes are red and swollen; Figure 2: Conjunctival congestion

▲ Image source: Google

Some people who have planted eyelashes will also find mites in the eyelid margin, which may be related to their own inadequate eyelid cleaning, and improper operation when planting eyelashes has caused blepharitis.

Therefore, Jimei, whose eyelid margin is not hygienic and clean, should also carefully choose to receive eyelashes. In addition, if the glue drops into the eyes, strong irritation will lead to conjunctival congestion, and if the inflammation spreads to the cornea, it will also cause corneal damage and cause discomfort such as tears.

eye infection

Our eyes are very sensitive. Chemical components such as eyelash glue are irritating, and long-term use will have an impact on eye health. If a bad merchant uses inferior false eyelashes and glue, formaldehyde, lead and benzoic acid may be added, which may cause infection.

Moreover, infection can also occur when bacteria gather in eyelash glue and false eyelashes themselves. Especially the present self-adhesive false eyelashes and glue-free false eyelashes are highly praised by many people and can be reused, but doing so will increase the risk of harmful bacteria and dirt entering the eyes.

Or when planting eyelashes, it is even more dangerous to choose an informal shop, and its sanitary environment and personnel skills cannot be guaranteed.

Forgetting to clean eyelids after removing false eyelashes may also lead to infection.

▲ Image source: Giphy

Ocular surface change

This year, a study named The Effects of Eyelash Extensions on the Ocular Surfac investigated 32 women in grafting eyelash. The results showed that 84.44% of them had eye symptoms one hour after planting false eyelashes, among which foreign body sensation was the most common. With the extension of using time, the researchers also found that the tear film rupture time was significantly reduced and the incidence of corneal staining was greatly increased.

This study shows that false eyelashes can lead to eye surface homeostasis imbalance, leading to corneal epithelial defects and short-term tear film stability decline.

Allergy and contact dermatitis

Some people are allergic to eyelash glue because it usually contains formaldehyde, but a few people may be allergic to the fiber used to make false eyelashes. An allergic reaction to eyelashes may cause tingling, burning, swelling or rash. Severe allergic reactions require prompt medical attention to prevent further complications.

The use of glue may also increase the risk of contact dermatitis, which will not disappear on the glue-free false eyelashes, because the so-called glue-free false eyelashes are actually cured rubber strips.

Hurt one’s eyelashes

Needless to say this! Whether it’s picking up eyelashes or sticking them on yourself, you have to toss your original eyelashes, pinch them and brush mascara. Plus, when you remove makeup, you have to rub and tear them, which makes the already few eyelashes even less. I won’t tell you who hurts!

It’s acceptable to lose just a few, but our hair follicles can’t help it. Otherwise, how could there be such an event in the news above? Good eyelashes turned white or even not long, and it would be uncomfortable to think about it!

▲ Image source: Giphy

Impact check

This risk is mainly aimed at magnetic false eyelashes, which will seriously interfere with the magnetic resonance examination.

In 2019, a study called Magnetic Eyelashes: a new source of MRI artifact found that magnetic eyelashes can significantly reduce clinical images and may also pose a danger to patients. This study shows that magnetic false eyelashes will cause substantial artifacts in MRI examination, and they may be separated in the magnet hole.

Therefore, if you have friends who wear magnetic false eyelashes at ordinary times, you must remember to take them off when checking!

After understanding this, are the sisters afraid? In fact, there is no need to worry too much. We still have some ways to avoid these hazards as much as possible.

However, it should be said that the best way is not to use false eyelashes. After all, our own eyelashes can play a protective role. Eyelashes are arranged neatly on the edge of eyelids, which has the physiological functions of blocking foreign bodies and protecting the eyeball and cornea.

If you want to pursue beauty and use false eyelashes, try to avoid the harm it may bring.

How to avoid harm?

1. Minimize the use frequency of false eyelashes;

2, planting false eyelashes, you must choose a formal beauty medical institution;

3. Choose false eyelashes and glue with good quality;

4. Those who have a history of eye diseases or allergies should try to avoid using false eyelashes;

5. It is recommended to apply eyelash glue to the real eyelashes, not to the eyelids, and wait for the glue to dry to prevent it from infiltrating into the eyes;

6, try to use false eyelashes above the real eyelashes, not under the eyelashes, because this may cause more stimulation;

7. Be very gentle when picking eyelashes to avoid hurting your eyelashes;

8. Make-up remover should be thorough, and there should be no residue of glue or eyeliner;

9. If the eyes are itchy, red and swollen, you should see a doctor in time;

10. Be sure to remove the magnetic false eyelashes before the magnetic resonance examination.

Well, that’s all for this issue.

Finally, I would like to remind you that there is nothing wrong with pursuing beauty, but it is not worth the loss if the body is abnormal in pursuit of beauty, don’t you think? What other questions are welcome to discuss in the comments section ~

references

[1] Insight Research Report. [All-China Beauty and Cosmetics Industry Chamber of Commerce] 2023 White Paper on China Eyelash Industry [EB/OL]. (2024-01-16) [2024-03-13]. https://www.djyanbao.com/report/detail? id=3770151&from=preview&aiStatus=0

[2] Howertoneye.How False Eyelashes Can Cause Serious Eye Problems[EB/OL].[2024-03-13].https://www.howertoneye.com/dangers-of-fake-eyelashes

[3] Han J, Xie Z, Zhu X, et al. The effects of eyelash extensions on the ocular surface[J]. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye, 2024: 102109.

[4] Slonimsky E, Mamourian A. Magnetic eyelashes: a new source of MRI artifacts[J]. American Journal of Roentgenology, 2019, 213(5): 983-985.

[5] Popular Science China. What about those people who always wear false eyelashes? [EB/OL].(2024-02-02)[2024-030-13].https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/MA-koyVrB4jK9NZkQvna3g

Read the original text

　　On July 10th, it was nearly a week since the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) released the assessment report on Fukushima nuclear polluted water discharged into the sea. During this period, the international community such as Pacific island countries, the Philippines, Indonesia, South Africa, Peru, China, South Korea and so on have voiced endless opposition to Japan’s plan to discharge pollutants into the sea. In contrast, the performance of the United States and western countries is intriguing.

　　After the IAEA released the assessment report, the State Council issued a statement saying "welcome", and western politicians remained basically silent about the controversial Japanese plan to expel the sea. Commentators of "International Sharp Review" found some problems after reading reports from mainstream western media:

　　For example, some western media have reported the wording of Japan and IAEA in a large space, using the phrase "nuclear treated water" instead of "nuclear polluted water", but citing the opposition of the international community is pitiful. In an article by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), almost all the words of Japan and IAEA were quoted. In the video inserted in the article, the reporter also gave a "performance" of eating fish, saying that the fish salvaged near Fukushima was "very safe" and there was nothing to worry about.

　　For another example, some media seem to be "objective and neutral" and cite many voices, but they have been avoiding key questions, including what are the hazards of the sea discharge plan to the environment? How independent and representative are the samples obtained by IAEA? Is Japan’s assessment of the sea-discharging scheme adequate? As for the fraudulent history of the Tokyo Electric Power Company involved, the western media almost never mentioned it.

　　A number of studies have shown that Fukushima nuclear polluted water contains more than 60 kinds of radionuclides. Japan itself admitted that about 70% of the nuclear polluted water treated by ALPS technology did not meet the discharge standards. According to the research of the German Marine Scientific Research Institute, because the Fukushima coast has the strongest ocean current in the world, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within 57 days after discharge. For 30 years or more, these radionuclides are continuously discharged into the sea, which will not only damage the marine ecological environment, but also endanger human life and health. Marcos Orellana, a United Nations expert on toxic substances and human rights, recently pointed out that Japan’s sewage disposal plan poses great risks to human rights.

　　In this case, why are some western countries so "reassured" about Japan’s nuclear polluted water? The reason is related to their own "black history" and strategic selfishness. It is not surprising that they will have this reaction.

　　Take the United States. According to the Los Angeles Times, the United States conducted 67 nuclear tests in the Marshall Islands in the 1940s and 1950s. Especially on March 1, 1954, the U.S. military detonated one of the most powerful nuclear weapons to date, the "Cheer Castle" hydrogen bomb, with destructive power equivalent to 1000 atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, which brought profound disasters to the local people. In addition, not far from Wan Li, the United States dumped more than 130 tons of nuclear contaminated soil from the Nevada nuclear test site directly into the Marshall Islands. Today, the United States has played down the crimes committed, and the implementation of compensation has been greatly discounted, which has aroused global public outrage. It is not difficult to understand why the United States has been conniving at Japan’s plan to discharge pollutants into the sea, because it itself is one of the "initiators" of marine nuclear pollution.

　　In addition, the United States also regards nuclear safety as a bargaining chip for the exchange of interests. Some studies have pointed out that after the end of World War II, the nuclear has a special significance in the Japan-US alliance: on the one hand, it is the starting point for the United States to subdue and win over Japan; On the other hand, it is an important tool for Japan to attach itself to and rely on the United States. The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was the first project that Japan used American civilian nuclear technology in the 1960s.

　　After the Fukushima nuclear accident broke out in 2011, Japan and the United States reached a cooperation agreement on jointly handling nuclear accidents and post-disaster reconstruction. Both sides regard this nuclear accident as an "opportunity" and take the opportunity to steadily advance the alliance — — With the help of American power, Japan gained support in the international public opinion field for sewage discharge into the sea, while the United States took the opportunity to maintain its military hegemony in Japan, increased the means to control Japan, and achieved the so-called "win-win". They don’t care what other countries have to pay for Japan’s sewage plan.

　　All along, the United States claims to safeguard the "human rights" of all people, but in reality it pursues hegemony instead of human rights, and cares not about the people but political self-interest. On such a major event as nuclear pollution and water discharging into the sea, the performance of some western countries, such as the United States, can’t help but make people ask: How hypocritical and double-marked is it to focus only on developing countries and selectively turn a blind eye to the human rights misdeeds of allies?

　　The Pacific Ocean is the common home of mankind, and it is not a nuclear test site for some countries and a bargaining chip in geopolitical games. The Japanese government should listen to the just voices of all parties, immediately stop the plan of discharging nuclear polluted water into the sea, and don’t add new debts without paying back old debts. Those western countries that remain silent should not be accomplices in this plan.

　　(International Critical Commentator)

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Pi Shuchu and Li Wei

　　Accurate poverty alleviation, no one is left behind. Hubei promises to take the lead in building a well-off society in the central region in an all-round way, and by 2019, all the 5.9 million poverty-stricken people in the province will be lifted out of poverty. Since the beginning of this year, the reporter has gone deep into 10 poverty-stricken counties in Hubei and found that all localities have focused on solving the three core problems of "who to help", "who to help" and "how to help" in precision poverty alleviation. According to the requirements of "three strictness and three realities", the main position of poverty alleviation has been regarded as a learning and education testing ground for "two studies and one work" and an "iron army" has been built to help the poor.

　　Cadres "sink" and the real situation "floats up"

　　"After four months, 256 audit cadres were dispatched to carry out accurate identification audits, and 527,800 non-poor people with doubtful identities were eliminated. In time, 175,900 people who returned to poverty due to floods this summer were included in the filing card." Liu Changyi, deputy director of the Hubei Provincial Poverty Alleviation Office, told the reporter that Hubei strictly abides by the "accurate" and "real" bottom line, nails the "first button", improves the dynamic management mechanism, and ensures that "drip irrigation" reaches households to people.

　　In April this year, Tengchong Village, Fangfan Town, Dawu County, appeared the phenomenon that "the village announced poverty alleviation, and there were poor households after investigation", which caused widespread concern in society for a while. Today, Hubei emphasizes the strict criteria for listing poor villages and "looks back" on the work of filing and establishing cards.

　　In Zhaofengtai Village, Yesanguan Town, Badong County, Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, at the villagers’ "yard meeting" hosted by town and village cadres, cadres talked about policies, and the masses acted as "referees", which was regarded as "accurate accounts" recognized by the people. Let cadres go among ordinary people and settle accounts under the eyes of the masses. This is the accurate poverty alleviation experience explored by Badong County.

　　"Look at the house, look at the grain, look at whether the labor force is strong or not, look at whether there is a book reader, look at what industry is busy, and look at some possessions." In Fangxian County, Shiyan City, the "indigenous method" of knowing the true poverty summarized by local poverty alleviation cadres made Mao Jianquan, who came from Beijing to participate in poverty alleviation, feel very practical. Mao Jianquan said that the method of "six views" to know the real poverty has grasped the main factors that reflect poverty. As long as party member cadres "sink", the real situation will "float".

　　"There are three people in the family, and their right foot is disabled and lacks labor. Because of disability, they are poor. The land in the family is 4 or 5 mu, and I hope the land will be transferred. Children at home go to college, the tuition fee is high, and the financial burden of family education is heavy … …” Open the "poverty file" of Yin Youyong, a poor household in Xinwu Village, Wangying Town, Yangxin County, and it is clear at a glance about his family situation and causes of poverty. Wang Xunhe, the village party secretary, told the reporter that this provided a first-hand decision-making basis for accurate assistance and facilitated "the right medicine".

　　In order to get through the "drip irrigation" channel of accurate poverty alleviation, Hubei has comprehensively established a full coverage mechanism for poverty alleviation teams in poor villages. Each team member guarantees no more than four poor households, and it is absolutely not allowed to discount the pairing guarantee work.

　　"It is better for cadres to peel off their skins than for the masses to really get rich."

　　"I really didn’t expect my rice to sell at such a high price, and someone will keep buying it in the future!" In the farmhouse of poor household Zhang Shouguo, he said happily that his own rice was ordered. "Thanks to Director Zhou, there is no sorrow in building this house, and I will dare to think about it in the future!"

　　It turned out that Zhou Yujuan, a poverty alleviation cadre in Baocun, danjiangkou city, helped his family to replace improved rice varieties and sold them at high prices. Nowadays, poverty alleviation cadres in Hubei are playing the role of "information officers", inspiring poor households to get rid of poverty.

　　During the interview, the reporter found that grassroots cadres and the masses have confidence in getting rid of poverty through personal struggle after finding the right industry, but they are most worried about the factors of returning to poverty due to illness and unequal educational opportunities. Finding the right pain point is the focus of poverty alleviation. In practice, Hubei has explored powerful measures such as precision education and precision treatment to help the poor.

　　Yu Ming, secretary of the Party branch of Datun Village, Xuanhuadian Town, Dawu County, told the reporter that 50 poor households were identified through accurate identification. After re-classification of poor households, 13 poor students from 11 households were given precise poverty alleviation grants at the beginning of this year. Wang Zuhe, a poor household, has two children who are studying in junior high school and primary school respectively. According to the standard of accurate poverty alleviation and schooling assistance formulated by Dawu County, each person can enjoy subsidies of 5,200 yuan and 4,400 yuan each year, which solves the most general poverty problem in the family.

　　Some remote rural areas are far away from health centers, and villagers receive subsidies but can’t buy medicine or get money to buy medicine. Wang Gonggao, director of the Zigui County Poverty Alleviation Office, said that Zigui explored the direct drug supply system and changed the money to direct regular drug delivery to achieve accurate treatment.

　　"It is better for cadres to peel off their skins and for the masses to really get rich." During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, 3.53 million rural poverty-stricken people in Hubei Province were lifted out of poverty, and more than 20,000 poverty alleviation teams and nearly 100,000 party member cadres ran in the fields. Accurate poverty alleviation became the main battlefield to test the style of cadres.

　　"It is normal for cadres to report logs every day in Yunxi!" He Changsen, deputy director of the Organization Department of Yunxi County Committee, said that the local communication technology of "GPS＋+mobile phone+network" has formed an operation mode of "daily reporting, two-level management and three major mechanisms", and a "supervision network" for the daily work of poverty alleviation cadres has been closely woven.

　　Compacting responsibility and reshaping assessment orientation, cadres’ poverty alleviation is not "one-vote veto"

　　During the interview, the reporter found that all parts of Hubei Province have compacted the main responsibility and given "uncapping" time. In order to prevent the phenomenon of "digital poverty alleviation", Hubei has defined precise management, broadened the supervision space in all directions, and strengthened discipline and accountability.

　　Since the beginning of this year, in Yunyang District of Shiyan City, Yangxin County of Huangshi City, Tongshan County of Xianning City and other places, a group of poverty alleviation cadres have been "recalled" for accountability because of the slow progress of poverty alleviation work in poor villages.

　　As Hong ‘an County, an old revolutionary base in Dabie Mountain, the local government regards the evaluation of poverty alleviation as an important basis for the promotion and use of cadres, the annual assessment and the evaluation of the first, and establishes reward and punishment standards for county and township cadres respectively, rewards those who complete ahead of schedule within the target responsibility, and resolutely implements interview accountability for unfinished tasks within the time node.

　　"The key to getting rich is not getting rich, but cadres". The person in charge of the Organization Department of Hubei Provincial Party Committee said that the task of tackling poverty depends on the work of Qi Xin, the broad masses of cadres and people in party member in poverty-stricken areas, forming a joint force to tackle poverty.

　　This year, Hubei took the lead in interviewing nine county party secretaries who were lagging behind in poverty reduction. In order to make good use of the "baton" of assessment and supervision, Hubei has also issued a special policy to conduct annual evaluation and assessment of party committees, government leading bodies and major leaders in 37 poverty-stricken counties in the province. The achievements in poverty alleviation are directly linked to the appointment and dismissal of cadres.

　　China news agency, Beijing, October 14th Comprehensive news: On the 13th, there were 1,259 new cases (diagnosed+asymptomatic) in China mainland, which decreased for three consecutive days, and the scope of infection was reduced, with the number of provinces involved dropping from 29 in the previous two days to 26.

　　The increasing number of local infections in China mainland has dropped for three consecutive years, and the epidemic situation has further improved.

　　National Health Commission, China, reported on the 14th that there were 313 newly confirmed cases of COVID-19 in China on the 13th, including 64 imported cases and 249 local cases. There were 1143 new asymptomatic infections, including 133 imported cases and 1010 local cases. There were no new deaths.

　　As of 24: 00 on the 13th, there are 4,456 confirmed cases in China, with 5,226 cumulative deaths and 255,168 cumulative confirmed cases reported. There are 632 confirmed cases imported from abroad, with a total of 24,882 confirmed cases and no deaths.

　　According to the official data, the number of new local infections in China has dropped sharply for three consecutive days, from 2,089 cases on the 10th to 1,259 cases on the 13th, and the scope of infection has been reduced, involving 26 provinces from 29 in the previous two days, and the epidemic situation is further improving.

　　On 13th, 249 new cases were confirmed in mainland China, coming from 17 provinces. The top five are: 56 cases in Inner Mongolia, 53 cases in Guangdong, 28 cases in Xinjiang, 19 cases in Liaoning and 16 cases in Beijing; On that day, there were 1010 new cases of asymptomatic local infections from 25 provinces. The top five are: 302 cases in Xinjiang, 181 cases in Inner Mongolia, 53 cases in Shanxi, 51 cases in Heilongjiang and 50 cases in Yunnan.

　　There are more than 5,000 local infected people in Inner Mongolia, and many infected people in Guangzhou were found in community screening.

　　On the 13th in Inner Mongolia, 56 new cases were diagnosed locally and 181 cases were asymptomatic, and the number of local infections decreased for three consecutive days. On the same day, there were 35 newly diagnosed cases and 89 asymptomatic infected cases in Hohhot. As of 24: 00 on the 13th, there were 5041 cases of local infection in Inner Mongolia (974 cases were diagnosed and 4067 cases were asymptomatic), including 4351 cases in Hohhot.

　　The epidemic in Hohhot started on September 28th, and the virus belongs to the evolutionary branch of Omicron BF.7 mutant. According to Hohhot, on October 14th, the city adjusted the epidemic risk level in some areas again. At present, there are 456 high-risk areas and 168 medium-risk areas in this city.

　　On the 13th, 53 new cases were confirmed in Guangdong province and 21 cases were asymptomatic, mainly from Guangzhou (25+3) and Shenzhen (21+11). As of 24: 00 on the 13th, there are 440 confirmed cases and 203 asymptomatic cases in Guangdong province.

　　According to the report, in addition to the 12 cases transferred from asymptomatic people to confirmed cases, among the 16 new cases of local infection in Guangzhou on the 13th, 4 cases were isolated control personnel, 10 cases were found in community normalized nucleic acid screening, and 2 cases were found in the investigation of medical personnel, suggesting that the epidemic situation has a greater risk of social transmission. On the 13th, there were 32 new cases of local infection in Shenzhen, all of which were found among people in centralized isolation and home isolation, and there was no social increase.

　　There are still social infections in Beijing and Shanghai, and more than 100 cases of local infections have been added in Beijing in the past two months.

　　Beijing reported on the 14th that there were 21 new cases of local infection in the city on the 13th, including 3 social screening personnel; From 0: 00 to 15: 00 on the 14th, Beijing reported another 6 cases of local infection, among which 2 cases were still found through social screening. Since September 29, Beijing has reported a total of 112 cases of local infection, involving 11 districts, mainly imported cases and their related cases.

　　Beijing officials said that the city will further strengthen the prevention and control of social epidemics, especially in key units and industries such as construction sites, supermarkets, entertainment and fitness institutions, and catering institutions. It is necessary to establish staff ledgers and strengthen epidemic prevention measures such as nucleic acid testing and health monitoring; It is necessary to do a good job in environmental epidemic prevention management and strengthen the cleaning and disinfection of key places and public goods; Key personnel such as security, express delivery, logistics, catering, cleaning, property management, etc. should carry out nucleic acid detection according to the prescribed frequency, do a good job in personal protection, and strictly implement various epidemic prevention regulations.

　　There were 49 new cases of local infection in Shanghai on the 13th, of which 47 cases were found in isolation control and 2 cases were from normalized nucleic acid screening. From July 3rd to October 13th, Shanghai reported a total of 194 confirmed cases and 1028 asymptomatic infected cases.

　　According to Shanghai’s notification, on the 14th, there were one newly diagnosed and one asymptomatic infected person in Shanghai, both of whom had recently returned to Shanghai from other provinces, and were found in the normalized nucleic acid detection. Recently, most of the sources of infection in Shanghai epidemic are imported from other provinces, involving multiple transmission chains. At present, the social risks of the epidemic in the city still exist.

　　Four Omicron variants were found in Chongqing, and the Suihua epidemic situation in Heilongjiang is still developing.

　　The Chongqing Municipal Health and Health Commission said on the 14th that there were 11 newly diagnosed cases and 13 asymptomatic infected cases in the city on the 13th, and 191 newly infected cases in the past week. Among them, 41 cases were people from outside Chongqing who returned to Chongqing and closed-loop control, and the risk of social communication was low. However, the infected people in many epidemics have social activity tracks before being isolated, and the possibility of recurring cases is not ruled out. Among them, the "October 8" epidemic in Yubei (Joy City) has reported 91 cases of infected people (including 37 Joy City staff), involving 11 districts, and the risk of social transmission is high.

　　It is reported that Chongqing CDC has sequenced 28 viral genes of infected people since October 8th, and found four branches of Omicron mutant strains: BA.5.2, BF.7, BA.2.75 and ba.2.76.. In recent days, the number of newly infected people in this city has shown a downward trend, mainly from the control population. The rapid rise of the epidemic has been effectively curbed, but the risk of hidden spread of the epidemic still exists.

　　On the 13th, there were 11 new confirmed cases and 51 asymptomatic infections in Heilongjiang Province, including 2 confirmed cases and 49 asymptomatic cases in Suihua City. As of 24: 00 on the 13th, there were 73 cases of local infection in Suihua City, 70 of which were in Zhaodong City.

　　According to the report, the epidemic situation in Zhaodong City is still developing, but all the positive people detected at present are found at the isolation control point, and the epidemic situation is well controlled. The epidemic in Zhaodong started on October 10th, and three cases of infected people were found in the nucleic acid test of the people who were exposed to the foreign investigation. On the same day, Zhaodong City initiated temporary control measures. At present, Zhaodong City decided to extend the temporary control period until 20: 30 on October 18. (End)

From April 15th to 19th, the 27th United Nations Conference on Science and Technology was held in Geneva, Switzerland. During the conference, the World Institute of Digital Technology (WDTA) issued two international standards, namely, the Safety Test Standard for Generative Artificial Intelligence Applications and the Safety Test Method for Large Language Models. This is the first time that an international organization has issued an international standard in the field of large model security.

Since the popularity of large language model technology last year, the security of large language model has been the focus of international attention. World Institute of Digital Technology (WDTA) is an international non-governmental organization established and registered in Geneva in April 2023. It follows the guiding framework of the United Nations and is committed to promoting digital technology and international cooperation on a global scale. It transcends national boundaries and corporate interests and advocates global unified standards and governance mechanisms.

Professor Peter Major, the founding chairman, said, "Our goal is to set global digital standards, lead technological innovation and strengthen international cooperation." It is worth noting that OpenAI, Google, Microsoft, Meta, Ant Group, Huawei, Iflytek, International Data Space Association (IDSA), Flawn Hough Institute and China Electronics are all members of WDTA.

World Institute of Digital Technology attending the meetingArtificial intelligence safe, credible and responsible working groupTeam leader Huang Jinjin said that as artificial intelligence systems, especially large language models, continue to become an indispensable part of all aspects of society, it is crucial to solve their security challenges with a comprehensive standard. These two standards bring together the wisdom of experts in the field of global AI security, fill the gaps in the field of security testing in large language models and generative AI applications, provide a unified testing framework and clear testing methods for the industry, and help to improve the security of AI systems, promote the responsible development of AI technologies, and enhance public trust.

WDTA takes the lead in "Safety Test Standard for Generative Artificial Intelligence Applications"

It is understood that among the published international standards, WDTA is the lead unit for the Safety Test Standard for Generative Artificial Intelligence Applications.

Huang Jinjin introduced that the "Safety Test Standard for Generative AI Applications" provides a framework for testing and verifying the safety of generative AI applications. The standard covers the key areas of AI application life cycle, including basic model selection, embedding and vector database, prompt execution/reasoning, intelligent behavior, fine-tuning, response processing and runtime security of AI applications. The main goal is to ensure that the behavior of AI applications in the whole life cycle is safe and meets the expected design.

It is understood that the AI STR (Safe, Trusted and Responsible) program is the core initiative of the World Institute of Digital Technology, aiming at ensuring the safety, credibility and responsibility of artificial intelligence systems.

Official website, a reporter of Beijing News Shell Finance, visited the World Institute of Digital Technology and found that its introduction said that the AI STR plan "represents a paradigm shift in how we develop and deploy AI technology. Advocating safety, trust and responsibility in artificial intelligence system has laid the foundation for a more ethical, safer and fairer digital future. Artificial intelligence technology is the promoter of progress, not the source of uncertainty and harm. The production AI application security testing and verification standard is one of the AI STR standards. "

In addition, a framework for the development of generative artificial intelligence talents was released at the same time as the standard. According to the introduction of the World Institute of Digital Technology, generative artificial intelligence applications such as ChatGPT and Stable Diffusion quickly attracted people’s attention and imagination all over the world, thanks to their wide practicability-almost anyone can use them to communicate and create-and more natural man-machine dialogue. Even the latest generative AI applications can perform a series of daily tasks in employees’ work, such as data classification, business report generation and even automatic test code generation. A wide range of stakeholders are trying to cope with the impact of generative artificial intelligence on business and society, and more people need to understand and participate, so as to form a consensus on the scope, how to use, application scenarios and constraints of artificial intelligence, and truly realize that "artificial intelligence is human."

Two standards and a development framework issued by the World Institute of Digital TechnologyThe file picture is from official website, the World Institute of Digital Technology.

China enterprises actively participate in international standards.formulate

The reporter of Shell Finance noticed that there were many face of china during this meeting. For example, in the panel discussion on "Safety of Generative Large Model", experts from Canadian Academy of Engineering, Privacy AI, NVIDIA, Microsoft and Ant Group talked on the same stage.

Chinese and foreign experts participate in the large-scale model safety panel discussion. Photo from official website, World Institute of Digital Technology.

In fact, the two international standards released this time were compiled by many experts and scholars from OpenAI, Ant Group, Iflytek, Google, Microsoft, NVIDIA, Baidu and Tencent.

Among them, Ant Group is the lead unit for the Safety Testing Method of Large Language Model. This standard provides a comprehensive, rigorous and practical structural scheme for the safety evaluation of the large model itself. It puts forward the security risk classification of large language model, the classification and grading method of attacks and the testing method, and takes the lead in giving four classification standards of attack methods with different attack intensities, providing strict evaluation indexes and testing procedures, which can solve the inherent complexity of large language model, comprehensively test its ability to resist hostile attacks, enable developers and organizations to identify and alleviate potential vulnerabilities, and ultimately improve the security and reliability of artificial intelligence systems built using large language models.

As a representative of the standard participating units, Wang Weiqiang, general manager of the machine intelligence department of Ant Group and chief scientist of Ant Safety Laboratory, said, "With the rise of generative artificial intelligence, we believe that it will release huge productivity, but it will also bring various new risks. Be highly vigilant. Large technology companies should play a key role in promoting the safe and responsible development of generative artificial intelligence, use their resources, expertise and influence to promote best practices, and build an ecosystem that gives priority to safety, privacy and moral considerations. For example, by formulating industry standards and guidelines, it provides clear guidance for developers and institutions to develop and deploy generative artificial intelligence systems; Invest in research and development and open tools to ensure the safety of generative artificial intelligence to form industrial co-governance. "

Shell Finance reporter found that at present, mainstream manufacturers at home and abroad are focusing on the safety of large models. For example, OpenAI invested 20% of computing resources in four years and set up a special team to build solutions.Alignment problemSuper AI, Google and other 12 organizations jointly released the "Model Safety Assessment Framework", NVIDIA launched the "guardrail" software to prevent the AI model from getting out of control, while 360 and Chianxin released the safety big model and launched the business for the safety of the big model.

The release of the two international standards provides a unified testing framework for the industry.

"The development of these two standards brings together the wisdom of experts in the global AI security field, filling the gap in the field of security testing in large language models and generative AI applications. They provide clear testing requirements and methods for AI enterprises, help to improve the security of AI systems, reduce potential risks, promote the responsible development of AI technology and enhance public trust. Call on the industry to actively adopt these two standards, work together to improve the security and reliability of AI systems, and participate in the standard formulation of WTDA AI STR, and constantly improve the standards in the process of rapid iteration of AI technology. " Huang Jinlin said.

Reporter contact email: luoyidan@xjbnews.com

Beijing News Shell Financial Reporter Luo Yidan

Editor Ding Shuang

Proofread Wang Xin

　　In 2020, in the face of the sudden COVID-19 epidemic, China’s economy recovered rapidly after the impact at the beginning of the year, and embarked on an exciting rebound curve. Various economic indicators turned from negative to positive, which confirmed the steady progress of China’s economy. At the same time, the indicators of people’s livelihood have also been continuously improved: the number of new jobs in cities and towns in the whole year was significantly higher than the expected target; The urban consumer market continued to improve; The per capita disposable income of residents is basically synchronized with economic growth. In 2020, the per capita income of national residents will double that of 2010.

　　Steady recovery of investment and continuous optimization of structure

　　Director of Investment Department Zhai Shanqing

　　In 2020, the growth rate of fixed assets investment rose steadily, the structure continued to be optimized and the recovery trend continued to be consolidated.

　　First, the growth rate of investment continued to rise.

　　Affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, the national investment in fixed assets dropped by 24.5% from January to February in 2020, and then the decline narrowed month by month, falling by 3.1% in the first half of the year, and the growth rate turned from negative to positive in the first three quarters. The annual investment increased by 2.9% over the previous year, and the growth rate was 0.3 and 2.1 percentage points faster than that from January to November and the first three quarters respectively.

　　The growth rate of investment in the four major regions all turned positive. In 2020, the investment in the eastern region will increase by 3.8% over the previous year, the investment in the central region will increase by 0.7%, and the investment in the western and northeastern regions will increase by 4.4% and 4.3% respectively.

　　The three industrial investments all achieved positive growth. In 2020, the investment in the primary industry will increase by 19.5%, the investment in the secondary industry will increase by 0.1% and the investment in the tertiary industry will increase by 3.6%.

　　Second, investment in the three major areas continued to improve.

　　Infrastructure investment grew steadily. In 2020, infrastructure investment will increase by 0.9% over the previous year. Among them, investment in information transmission industry increased by 16.0%, investment in ecological protection and environmental management industry increased by 8.6%, investment in water conservancy management industry increased by 4.5%, and investment in road transportation industry increased by 1.8%.

　　The decline in manufacturing investment continued to narrow. In 2020, manufacturing investment decreased by 2.2% compared with the previous year. Investment in raw material manufacturing industry increased by 2.1%, among which investment in ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry increased by 26.5%, and investment in oil, coal and other fuel processing industries increased by 9.4%.

　　Investment in real estate development increased rapidly. In 2020, investment in real estate development increased by 7.0% over the previous year. Among them, residential investment increased by 7.6%, the funds in place of real estate development enterprises increased by 8.1%, and the newly started housing area of real estate development enterprises decreased by 1.2%.

　　Third, the growth rate of private investment has accelerated.

　　In 2020, private investment increased by 1.0% over the previous year. Among them, private investment in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery increased by 13.5%, private investment in real estate development increased by 6.8%, and private investment in infrastructure and manufacturing narrowed by 0.8 and 1.5 percentage points respectively.

　　From a regional perspective, private investment in the eastern region increased by 1.2%, private investment in the central region decreased by 2.4%, and private investment in the western and northeastern regions increased by 4.8% and 3.5% respectively.

　　Fourth, the investment in high-tech industries has a significant pulling effect.

　　In 2020, the investment in high-tech industries increased by 10.6% over the previous year, driving the total investment to increase by 0.8 percentage points. Investment in high-tech manufacturing industry increased by 11.5% and investment in high-tech service industry increased by 9.1%.

　　V. Rapid growth of investment in people’s livelihood.

　　In 2020, investment in social fields increased by 11.9% over the previous year. Among them, education investment increased by 12.3% and health investment increased by 29.9%.

　　With the support of proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, the investment funds in place in 2020 will increase by 7.8% over the previous year, of which the growth rate of national budget funds is as high as 32.8%, and sufficient funds provide an important guarantee for the gradual recovery of investment. In 2020, the planned total investment of newly started projects will increase by 11.9%, which is 10.8 percentage points faster than the previous year. The rapid growth of the planned total investment of newly started projects will bring good support to the investment growth in 2021.

　　Consumption continued to recover, and the retail market picked up.

　　Dong Lihua, Director of the Department of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation

　　In 2020, the strategy of expanding domestic demand and various policies to promote consumption will be effective, market sales will improve quarter by quarter, and business model innovation and consumption structure upgrading will continue to develop.

　　First, the market sales continued to pick up, and the recovery of consumption was gradually consolidated.

　　Market sales are improving quarter by quarter. In 2020, the total retail sales of social consumer goods was 39,198.1 billion yuan, down 3.9% from the previous year, and the decline was 3.3 percentage points narrower than that in the previous three quarters. Market sales show a quarterly recovery trend. In the first quarter, the consumer market was obviously hit by the epidemic, and the market sales dropped by 19.0%. In the second quarter, the decline in market sales was obviously narrowed, and the growth rate in the third quarter turned positive for the first time. In the fourth quarter, the total retail sales of consumer goods increased by 4.6% year-on-year.

　　The recovery of the consumer market continued. In December 2020, the total retail sales of social consumer goods continued to grow, and the market sales increased positively for five consecutive months.

　　Second, the urban and rural markets recovered quarter by quarter, and the rural market recovered better than the urban market.

　　The urban consumer market continued to improve. In 2020, the retail sales of urban consumer goods decreased by 4.0% over the previous year. The growth rate of rural consumer goods market is higher than that of cities and towns. In 2020, the retail sales of rural consumer goods decreased by 3.2% over the previous year. Among them, the retail sales of rural consumer goods increased by 5.6% in the fourth quarter.

　　Three, the retail scale of goods is close to the level of last year, and the consumption of catering and other services continues to recover.

　　Retail sales of goods recovered quickly. In 2020, the retail sales of commodities decreased by 2.3% compared with the previous year, and the decline rate was 2.8 percentage points narrower than that of the previous three quarters, and the retail sales scale of commodities was close to that of the previous year. Judging from the recovery process of commodity retail sales, the monthly scale of commodity retail sales has recovered to the same level as early as July, and the recovery speed is faster than the overall level of the consumer market, and it has been growing positively for six consecutive months.

　　Accommodation and catering business improved. In 2020, the catering revenue decreased by 16.6% compared with the previous year, and the decline was 7.3 percentage points narrower than that in the previous three quarters. Among them, the catering revenue in the fourth quarter increased by 0.2% year-on-year, and the scale of the catering market in the quarter returned to the same level of the previous year.

　　Fourth, the development of new consumption patterns has accelerated, and the consumption of physical stores has improved significantly.

　　Online consumption grew rapidly. Affected by the epidemic, the demand for home consumption has increased significantly, and the "home economy" has accelerated the development of new consumption patterns. In 2020, the national online retail sales increased by 10.9% over the previous year.

　　Offline consumption has improved significantly. In 2020, the retail sales of goods in supermarkets above designated size increased by 3.1% over the previous year, and the decline of retail sales of department stores, specialty store and specialty stores narrowed by 6.8, 3.8 and 5.4 percentage points respectively compared with the previous three quarters.

　　Five, the retail momentum of upgraded goods is improving, and the automobile sales market is obviously picking up.

　　The retail performance of upgraded goods is bright. In 2020, the retail sales of consumption-upgrading commodities such as cultural office supplies, sports and entertainment supplies, cosmetics and communication equipment of units above designated size will increase by 5.8%, 8.4%, 9.5% and 12.9% respectively over the previous year, and the growth rate is significantly higher than the average level of commodity retail.

　　The scale of automobile sales is close to the level of last year. In 2020, the retail sales of automobile products above designated size decreased by 1.8% compared with the previous year, and the scale was close to the previous year’s level. Especially since the second half of the year, the retail sales of automobile products have maintained rapid growth for six consecutive months.

　　The employment situation improved and the expected goal was achieved.

　　Zhang Yi, Director of Population and Employment Statistics Department

　　In 2020, under the impact of the epidemic in COVID-19, employment faced enormous pressure that had not been seen for many years. With the implementation of a series of policy measures to reduce burdens, stabilize posts and expand employment, the employment situation gradually stabilized and improved, and the expected employment objectives and tasks were successfully completed.

　　First, the national urban survey unemployment rate continued to fall, and the employment situation gradually improved.

　　Under the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic in early 2020, economic activities were restricted, enterprises stopped production, and the job market was obviously affected. In February, the national urban survey unemployment rate rose to a high of 6.2%. With the continuous promotion of resumption of work, the urban survey unemployment rate dropped to 5.7% in June.

　　In the second half of the year, the social production and living order was further restored, and the unemployment rate dropped to 5.4% in September. In the fourth quarter, the employment situation further stabilized and improved. In December, the unemployment rate dropped to 5.2%, which was the same as the same period in 2019.

　　Second, the employment pressure of migrant workers has gradually eased, and the overall employment situation of college graduates is stable.

　　At the beginning of 2020, the employment situation of migrant workers was once very severe. At the end of February, the number of migrant workers in rural areas decreased by 54 million compared with the same period of last year. In March, the unemployment rate of migrant agricultural registered population in cities and towns reached an all-time high of 6.7%. By the end of the year, the number of migrant workers had recovered to 97.3% of the previous year, and the unemployment rate of migrant agricultural registered population in cities and towns was basically the same in December.

　　In 2020, the number of college graduates in China will reach 8.74 million, a record high. With the impact of the epidemic, the employment pressure is very prominent. In July, the unemployment rate of urban people aged 20 to 24 with college education or above (mainly college graduates) increased by 3.3 percentage points year-on-year. Various regions and departments actively broaden the employment channels of college graduates, the employment situation of college graduates gradually improves, and the unemployment rate tends to decline. In December, the unemployment rate of people aged 20 to 24 with college education or above dropped by 7.2 percentage points compared with July, which was the same as the same period in 2019.

　　Third, comprehensively strengthen the employment priority policy, and successfully achieve the expected employment goals.

　　Since 2020, all localities and departments have solidly promoted the work of stabilizing employment, reduced taxes and fees on a larger scale to reduce the burden on enterprises, lifted unreasonable restrictions on flexible employment, encouraged entrepreneurial innovation to promote employment, highlighted the employment of key groups, vigorously carried out vocational skills training, comprehensively strengthened various employment services, and promoted the smooth completion of various employment expectations. In 2020, the national average annual urban survey unemployment rate will be 5.6%, which is lower than the expected target of around 6%; In 2001, the number of new jobs in cities and towns was 11.86 million, 2.86 million more than the expected target of 9 million. At the end of the year, the registered urban unemployment rate was 4.24%, which was lower than the expected target of about 5.5%.

　　In 2020, China has withstood the severe test of the epidemic, and the employment situation has gradually stabilized and improved under great pressure. In 2021, the epidemic situation and external environment are still facing uncertainties, but with the support of a solid economic foundation and sufficient policy tools, the national economy will further recover steadily and the employment situation is expected to remain generally stable.

　　Income growth promotes the growth of people’s livelihood expenditure

　　Fang Xiaodan, Director of Household Survey Office.

　　In 2020, the per capita disposable income of the national residents will double that of 2010; The income of rural residents continued to grow faster than that of urban residents, and the income gap between urban and rural residents further narrowed. Residents’ consumption expenditure has steadily recovered, and basic people’s livelihood expenditure has grown steadily.

　　1. In 2020, the per capita income of the national residents will double that of 2010.

　　Residents’ income growth is basically synchronized with economic growth. In 2020, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 32,189 yuan, a nominal increase of 4.7% over the previous year. After deducting the price factor, the per capita disposable income of the national residents actually increased by 2.1%.

　　In 2020, the per capita income of the national residents will double that of 2010. After deducting the price factor, from 2011 to 2020, the per capita disposable income of the national residents increased by 7.2% annually in real terms, with a cumulative real increase of 100.8% in 10 years.

　　The relative income gap between urban and rural residents has further narrowed. The income of rural residents continues to grow faster than that of urban residents. In 2020, the per capita disposable income of rural residents will be 17,131 yuan, and that of urban residents will be 43,834 yuan.

　　Second, the growth rate of various incomes rose steadily, and the policy of ensuring employment and people’s livelihood continued to be effective.

　　Employment protection measures have been effective and promoted the growth rate of wage income to rebound. In 2020, the per capita wage income of the national residents will be 17,917 yuan, an increase of 4.3%.

　　In 2020, the per capita net transfer income of national residents was 6,173 yuan, an increase of 8.7%. The basic pension standard for urban and rural residents has been raised, and the per capita pension or retirement pension of the whole country has increased by 7.8%.

　　The better agricultural production situation has prompted the net operating income to increase from decline. In 2020, the per capita net operating income of the national residents was 5,307 yuan, and the growth rate of per capita net operating income turned positive.

　　3. Residents’ consumption expenditure recovered steadily, and basic people’s livelihood expenditure grew steadily.

　　The decline of residents’ consumption expenditure narrowed quarter by quarter, showing a sustained recovery trend. In 2020, the per capita consumption expenditure of the national residents will be 21,210 yuan, down by 1.6% over the previous year.

　　Basic livelihood expenditure continued to grow steadily. In 2020, the per capita commodity consumption expenditure of residents was 12,173 yuan, an increase of 4.3%. Affected by the increase in home time, the per capita expenditure on food, alcohol and tobacco and the per capita expenditure on housing increased by 5.1% and 3.2% respectively.

　　The level of consumption expenditure such as health communication has risen, and the per capita expenditure on medical alcohol, masks and other medical and health appliances has increased by 2.0 times. Residents’ communication needs have increased, and online shopping behavior has increased substantially. In 2020, the per capita communication service expenditure of the national residents will increase by 6.2%.

　　The ownership of durable consumer goods continues to increase. In 2020, the number of family cars owned by every 100 households in China was 37.1, an increase of 5.2% over the previous year; The number of mobile phones per 100 households was 253.8, an increase of 0.2%.

　　Prices gradually fell, and production prices rebounded.

　　Wang Youfen, Director of Urban Department

　　In 2020, the relationship between supply and demand in the market will continue to improve, CPI will gradually fall from the high point, PPI will rise steadily from the low point, and the price trend will be basically stable throughout the year.

　　First, the price increase in the consumer sector has dropped.

　　The monthly CPI is higher than before and lower than before. In 2020, CPI rose by 2.5%, down 0.4 percentage points from the previous year. In terms of months, the year-on-year trend was generally high before and low after. In the first two months, affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, the "pig cycle" and the Spring Festival, the prices of pork and other foods rose rapidly, driving the CPI to rise more, up 5.4% and 5.2% respectively. The increase of CPI began to fall in March, and CPI continued to fall in August, and it turned down by 0.5% in November. In December, CPI rose by 0.2% due to factors such as low temperature weather, increased demand and rising costs.

　　Food prices have increased considerably. In 2020, food prices rose by 10.6%, an increase of 1.4 percentage points over the previous year, which affected the increase of CPI by about 2.2 percentage points, which was the main factor to promote the increase of CPI. In food, the price of pork rose by 49.7%, an increase of 7.2 percentage points over the previous year, which affected the increase of CPI by about 1.6 percentage points, accounting for more than 60% of the total increase of CPI. The price of fresh vegetables rose by 7.1% in the whole year, which affected the increase of CPI by about 0.18 percentage points. Affected by the high comparison base in the same period of last year, the prices of fresh fruit and eggs decreased by 11.1% and 10.8% respectively, which affected the CPI by about 0.27 percentage points.

　　The overall change of non-food prices is small. In 2020, non-food prices rose by 0.4%, down by 1.0 percentage points from the previous year, affecting the CPI increase by about 0.28 percentage points. Among non-food products, due to weak demand and lower international crude oil prices, the price of industrial consumer goods changed from 0.6% in the previous year to 0.8%.

　　Second, prices in the production sector rebounded at a low level.

　　The overall PPI fell first and then rose. In 2020, the PPI decreased by 1.8%, an increase of 1.5 percentage points over the previous year. By month, due to the epidemic situation and other factors, the demand for industrial products was sluggish at the beginning of the year, and the PPI entered a downward range from February to February. As the domestic epidemic prevention and control situation continues to improve, the PPI has stopped falling and turned up since June, and the year-on-year decline has steadily narrowed. In December, PPI rose by 1.1% month-on-month, the biggest increase since January 2017, down by 0.4% year-on-year.

　　Prices of related industries such as oil, steel and coal fell. In 2020, the prices of domestic oil-related industries generally declined due to factors such as the fluctuation of international crude oil prices and the epidemic situation. The prices of oil-related industries, such as oil and gas exploration, oil, coal and other fuel processing, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing, chemical fiber manufacturing and so on, dropped by an average of 5.9% to 27.4% in the whole year, which affected the PPI by about 1.27 percentage points, accounting for 70% of the total PPI decline.

　　Prices of other major industries have gone up and down. In 2020, the price of agricultural and sideline products processing industry will increase by 4.8% due to the price increase of livestock slaughter, vegetable oil processing and feed processing; The prices of culture, education, industry, sports and entertainment products manufacturing, wine, beverage and refined tea manufacturing, medicine manufacturing and food manufacturing rose between 0.6% and 3.3%. The total impact of the above five industries on PPI rose by about 0.36 percentage points. The price of equipment manufacturing industry is generally stable.

　　Source: Economic Daily