Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the living consumption level of Chinese people has been greatly improved, and a historic leap has been achieved from insufficient food and clothing to a well-off society in general and then to a well-off society in an all-round way. With the change of development stage, people’s yearning for a better life is stronger, and the demand for upgrading the stock of consumer goods is constantly improving. Adapting to the new stage, new changes and new requirements, and promoting a new round of trade-in of consumer goods is not only beneficial to the present, but also beneficial to the long term, which is of great significance and role in promoting high-quality economic development.

First, the significance of implementing a new round of consumer goods trade-in.

(1) It is conducive to adapting to the changes in the development stage and promoting the continuous expansion of consumption.

Since the reform and opening up, China’s economy has grown rapidly, durable consumer goods have been fully popularized, and the problem of "whether there is" has been basically solved. By the end of 2022, the number of cars with 1,000 people in China had reached 226, and the average number of air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines and color TVs per 100 households reached 133.9, 104.2, 99 and 118.9 respectively. In the context of the rapid growth and popularization of durable consumer goods, policies such as trade-in in the early stage put more emphasis on stimulating incremental consumption and stabilizing economic growth. With the change of development stage, the demand for upgrading the stock of consumer goods is constantly increasing, and China’s consumer market is generally entering an era of paying equal attention to both increment and stock. Trade-in of consumer goods is conducive to accelerating the transformation of the consumer market from "whether there is" to "whether it is good" and forming a domestic cycle with consumption as the leading force.

(2) It is conducive to consolidating the economic recovery and improving the quality and level of the national economic cycle.

Consumption is the "stabilizer" and "ballast stone" of economic growth, and promoting consumption is the inherent requirement of promoting a virtuous circle of economy. At present, a large number of potential consumption in China still needs to be stimulated, and a virtuous circle of mutual promotion between consumption and investment is accelerating, and the chain of "consumption-employment-income" needs to be further unblocked. Activating the consumer market by exchanging the old for the new, releasing potential consumption and cultivating new consumption will help to provide stronger market demand support for enterprise management, thus stabilizing enterprise production and investment expectations, improving market participants’ confidence, promoting the smooth realization of production cycle and promoting China’s sustained economic recovery.

(3) It is conducive to promoting the change of development momentum and cultivating new quality productivity.

China’s consumer market continues to emerge a series of new consumption different from the past, which has become a new kinetic energy and new growth point to promote high-quality development. By expanding the renewal of existing consumer goods, the scale effect of innovation and development of new consumption and new formats will be formed, which in turn will have a strong innovation leading and pulling effect on upstream manufacturing and guide the upgrading of upstream manufacturing industrial structure to adapt to the changes in demand structure. The demand potential released by trade-in will help guide and support enterprises to increase scientific and technological innovation and new product research and development, promote technological upgrading and progress in related industries, foster the formation of new quality productivity, and achieve more quality and efficient growth. Trade-in of old products will push the economy to a higher level of dynamic balance in which demand pulls supply and supply creates demand, which is conducive to the dual promotion of domestic and global product competitiveness in the new era.

(4) It is conducive to meeting people’s needs for a better life and enhancing people’s well-being.

Owning and enjoying higher quality durable consumer goods is an important embodiment of people’s yearning for a better life. Trade-in is not a simple replacement of similar products, but a higher-end, smarter, more environmentally friendly and more personalized demand trend. With the increase of the service life of consumer goods in stock, the performance of a large number of cars and household appliances is getting worse, the emissions are getting higher, and even there are security risks. By exchanging old products for new ones to support the transformation and upgrading of residents’ consumption, high-quality products that are energy-saving, environmentally friendly and intelligent will enter residents’ lives, which will help improve people’s quality of life and enhance their sense of acquisition, happiness and security.

Second, the focus and focus of effectively starting and continuously promoting the trade-in of consumer goods

First, vigorously stimulate and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties. Adhere to the linkage between the central and local governments, coordinate and support all links in the whole chain, and realize the coordinated linkage and comprehensive policy of production, supply and marketing, upstream and downstream, government, enterprises and people, online and offline, benefiting more consumers. Strengthen the central government’s policy support, arrange special funds from the central government, improve tax support policies and optimize financial support, and give better play to the guiding role of local governments and business entities. Optimize the design of policy mechanism, fully stimulate the enthusiasm of production enterprises, platform enterprises, recycling enterprises, dismantling enterprises and consumers, and implement the original intention of good policies.

The second is systematic planning to get through the key blocking points of the supply and demand cycle. In the past, fiscal policy was more biased towards infrastructure investment and upstream manufacturing. From the current point of view, it is necessary to pay more attention to the leading and leading role of consumers. In policy implementation, it is necessary to respect consumers’ choices, enhance consumers’ ability to pay, give play to consumers’ subjective initiative, and focus more on how to lead and drive consumers to upgrade, indirectly forming a virtuous circle of mutual promotion between supply and demand. Promote the circulation of commodities through the trade-in action, enhance the transaction value of commodities in all links, and create a reasonable profit space for market players. Solve the outstanding shortcomings in the whole cycle of production, circulation, consumption and recycling of products, and fundamentally form a systematic policy effect.

The third is to promote flexibly and continuously release the consumption potential. Focus on organizing and carrying out trade-in activities by stages and product categories, so as to create a consumer market atmosphere with continuous vitality in generate and avoid the fatigue of consumers caused by concentrated activities. Guided by convenience and material benefits, we will comprehensively use various policy tools such as consumer subsidies, consumer coupons, and interest subsidies for consumer loans, actively give play to the advantages of Internet platforms, and simplify the policy application process, especially taking care of the needs of the elderly and rural residents. Strengthen the safety publicity of durable consumer goods, actively organize theme activities, and gradually improve consumers’ awareness of safety precautions in the use of old household appliances. Through the way of regional pilot, we will innovate, promote, evaluate and improve, and properly solve the new problems in the implementation of this round of trade-in policy.

Fourth, give consideration to both length and weakness, and strengthen the construction of systems and standards. Take a new round of trade-in as an opportunity to promote the improvement of the basic system of consumer market governance, accelerate the construction of a high-standard market system, and create a good institutional environment for consumer innovation. Gradually strengthen the construction of recycling industry system, guide recycling enterprises and individual operators to gradually integrate into unified management, and continuously improve the quality of circulation services. Adhere to the guidance of standards and orderly promotion, and further improve the management system and industry standards of product life cycle. Support industry associations, individual enterprises, experts and scholars to actively participate in the formulation of standards, strengthen the convergence of international and domestic standards in key areas, and let more high-quality durable consumer goods enter residents’ lives.

Fifth, strengthen support and constantly improve the consumption supporting system. Overall planning and construction of a number of urban comprehensive logistics centers, professional distribution centers and e-commerce logistics nodes, and improvement of urban logistics distribution facilities such as docking, loading and unloading. Improve the logistics infrastructure network and sales service system in rural areas, promote the construction of regional commercial logistics distribution centers and terminal distribution outlets, and promote the innovation of consumption formats. We will improve the resource recycling system for scrapped cars and used household appliances and furniture, improve the network layout of household appliances and furniture recycling, promote the construction of recycling outlets and centralized storage and transportation points as a whole, and encourage the establishment of recycling bins in qualified communities to facilitate residents to handle small household appliances.

(the State CouncilWang Qing, deputy director and researcher of Market Economy Research Institute of Development Research Center; Wang Nian, deputy director and associate researcher of the Research Office of Market Economy Research Institute of the State Council Development Research Center)

dragon boat raceDragon boat race is one of the most distinctive activities of the Dragon Boat Festival to commemorate Qu Yuan’s drowning and prevent fish and shrimp from eating his body. The original intention is to imitate the dragon king in the river and pray for the blessing and exorcism of the water god.

eat ZongziThe main traditional food of the Dragon Boat Festival is Zongzi, which is made by wrapping glutinous rice and various fillings such as meat and bean paste with Zongzi leaves. Eating Zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival means to ward off evil spirits and plague and pray for health and peace.

Hanging wormwood and calamusPeople will hang wormwood and calamus at the door or at home, thinking that they have the function of exorcising evil spirits, and sometimes they will fumigate their rooms with wormwood leaves to drive away mosquitoes and epidemics and prevent the spread of diseases.

DaixiangnangIn some areas, people put herbs and wormwood into sachets, tie them on their bodies or hang them on doors to ward off evil spirits and pray for blessings. The sachets contain cinnabar, realgar and fragrant medicine, which are fragrant and exquisite after wearing.

Wear colorful ropeIn the traditional culture of China, the five colors "blue, red, white, black and yellow" symbolizing the five elements are regarded as auspicious colors, and multicolored ropes are woven from silk threads of five colors, representing auspiciousness and blessings.

Drink realgar wineDuring the Dragon Boat Festival, people in some places will drink realgar wine as a custom, thinking that drinking realgar wine can protect their health and pray for peace and well-being on this special day of Dragon Boat Festival.

spring outingThe Dragon Boat Festival is in May, the weather is pleasant, and everything in nature is flourishing. People often take this opportunity to go to the countryside to play, fly kites, enjoy lotus flowers, enjoy flowers and grass, soak mugwort, etc., so as to cheer up their mood and relieve their pressure.

Worship the gods and ancestorsWorship to God and ancestors is one of the important customs of Dragon Boat Festival, and ancestor worship is a custom of inheriting filial piety. We pray for and repay their shelter and blessing through sacrifice, hoping that ancestors will bless the family’s peace, health and happiness.

Editor: Qi Yongtao

Editor: Han Wei

　　On December 16th, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China issued a public consultation announcement on the Notice on Further Promoting the Standardized and Healthy Development of Credit Card Business (Draft for Comment). The opinion draft pointed out that banking financial institutions should take effective measures to monitor and control the actual use of credit card funds in a timely and accurate manner. Credit card funds shall not be used for repayment of loans, investment and other fields, and it is strictly forbidden to flow into areas restricted or prohibited by policies. The number of long-term sleep credit cards that have not been actively traded by customers for more than 18 consecutive months and the current overdraft balance and overpayment are zero shall not exceed 20% of the total number of cards issued by the institution at any time, except for credit cards with additional policy functions issued by banking financial institutions as required by policies and regulations. Banking financial institutions exceeding this ratio may not issue new cards.

　　Attached to the original:

　　Notice on Further Promoting the Standardized and Healthy Development of Credit Card Business (Draft for Comment)

　　This circular is formulated to standardize the credit card business, implement the management responsibilities of banking financial institutions and their cooperative institutions, improve the quality and efficiency of credit card services, protect the legitimate rights and interests of financial consumers, adhere to the people-centered development idea, and promote the credit card industry to develop with high quality to better support scientific and rational consumption.

　　First, strengthen the management of credit card business

　　(1) [Strategic Management] A banking financial institution shall formulate a prudent and steady credit card development strategy, which shall be reviewed and approved by the board of directors or senior management of the institution, and shall be continuously and effectively implemented and regularly evaluated and improved. Banking financial institutions shall reasonably formulate the annual management objectives and plans of credit cards in strict accordance with the development strategy.

　　(II) [Performance Appraisal] Banking financial institutions shall establish a scientific and reasonable credit card business performance appraisal index system and salary payment mechanism. The weight of compliance management indicators and risk management indicators should be significantly higher than other indicators. Banking financial institutions shall regularly assess and determine the positions and personnel scope that have an important impact on the credit card business risks, and implement strict management of deferred payment, delayed recourse and deduction of performance pay.

　　(III) [Asset Quality Management] Banking financial institutions shall strictly implement the credit card asset quality classification standards and identification procedures, and comprehensively, accurately and timely reflect the asset risk status. Strengthen the analysis of asset quality migration trend, set risk early warning indicators, continuously and effectively identify, measure, monitor, warn, prevent and dispose of risks, accurately grasp the scale and structure of non-performing assets, and write them off in time according to procedures.

　　(IV) [Behavior Management] Banking financial institutions shall strictly implement the employee behavior management of credit card business, carry out continuous supervision and regular investigation, implement the whole process supervision of the business behaviors of important positions and key personnel, and establish and improve the accountability and recording mechanism for violations.

　　(V) [Staff Training] Banking financial institutions shall strengthen compliance training and consumer rights protection training for their employees engaged in credit card business, and the training time for each person shall not be less than 30 hours per year.

　　Second, strictly regulate the marketing behavior of issuing cards.

　　(VI) [Card Issuance Management] Banking financial institutions shall not directly or indirectly take the number of cards issued, the number of customers, market share or market ranking as single or main assessment indicators.

　　Banking financial institutions should continue to take effective measures to prevent risks such as fraudulent card handling and excessive card handling. Set the maximum number of cards issued for a single customer. Strengthen the dynamic monitoring and management of sleep credit cards and strictly control the proportion. The number of long-term sleep credit cards that have not been actively traded by customers for more than 18 consecutive months and the current overdraft balance and overpayment are zero shall not exceed 20% of the total number of cards issued by the institution at any time, except for credit cards with additional policy functions issued by banking financial institutions as required by policies and regulations. Banking financial institutions exceeding this ratio may not issue new cards. The Bank of China Insurance Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission) can dynamically reduce the proportion limit standard of long-term sleep credit cards according to regulatory needs.

　　Banking financial institutions should respect the true wishes of customers when binding payment accounts and other accounts for credit cards, and provide unbinding services with the same convenience. If a customer applies for card cancellation, it shall complete the processing in time after confirming that there is no outstanding payment.

　　(VII) [Information Disclosure] Banking financial institutions should effectively strengthen marketing publicity and management when conducting credit card business. When concluding a credit card contract with a customer, we should strictly fulfill the obligation to prompt or explain the terms of interest, compound interest, fees, liquidated damages, and risk disclosure, show the annualized interest rate level to the customer in an obvious way, ensure that the customer pays attention to and understands the terms, and actively inform the customer of the consultation and complaint acceptance channels. When opening the online payment function of credit card for customers, we should fully fulfill the obligation of informing in advance, reach an agreement with customers on the terms of online payment, and obtain the customer’s confirmation and consent on the opening.

　　(VIII) [Sales Backtracking] Banking financial institutions shall actively take audio and video recording and other measures to completely and objectively record and save important sales link information such as credit card issuance, risk disclosure and information disclosure, so as to ensure that the recorded information is comprehensive, accurate, tamper-proof and traceable, and continuously meet the requirements of supervision and inspection by financial regulatory authorities and investigation and evidence collection by judicial organs in China. The recorded information should at least include: the valid identification materials of the credit card applicant, the financial status related to the credit card application, credit records, publicity and sales texts, signed credit card articles of association and contract (agreement), important tips and confirmation information, etc. The recorded information should be kept for at least 2 years after the end of the business duration with customers.

　　(IX) [Management of Marketing Personnel] No person may engage in the credit card issuance marketing activities of a banking financial institution without internal unified qualification certification. Banking financial institutions shall provide information inquiry methods for credit card marketers at their business outlets and electronic channels. Credit card marketers should present their work certificates containing the identity of the card issuer and personal work information to customers in advance, and inform customers of the information inquiry methods of credit card marketers.

　　(X) [Prohibited Behavior] Banking financial institutions shall implement strict management of credit card marketing behavior. Do not promise to issue cards or promise to give high credit; No fraud or false propaganda; Credit cards shall not be marketed by default check or forced bundling.

　　Third, strict credit management and risk control

　　(eleven) [credit audit] banking financial institutions should strengthen the credit audit of credit card customers, understand and analyze the credit status of customers through legal channels such as the basic database of financial credit information, implement necessary multi-dimensional cross-verification, independently audit and judge the identity of customers and identify the authenticity, integrity and timeliness of application materials. Customers who have multiple debt records in different institutions after investigation should be strictly examined to strictly guard against the risk of multi-head lending.

　　(XII) [Credit Management] A banking financial institution shall reasonably set the upper limit of the total credit line of a single customer according to the credit status, income status and financial status of the customer, and include the customer in all credit lines of the institution for unified management. Within the total credit line of credit card, the credit line of cash advance business shall not exceed the credit line of non-cash advance business.

　　Banking financial institutions shall conduct full due diligence on a single customer and conduct consolidated management on all credit card credit lines of the customer in other institutions. In the process of credit approval and credit line increase (including temporary credit line increase), the accumulated credit lines obtained from other institutions should be deducted from the total credit line of the customer’s own credit card, and the situation of new card issuing customers applying for credit cards from other institutions at the same time should be monitored and the corresponding credit line reduction should be implemented.

　　(XIII) Banking financial institutions shall implement strict and prudent dynamic management of credit line of credit card, and re-evaluate, calculate and determine the credit line of credit card customers at least once a year. For customers whose risk situation has obviously deteriorated, measures such as reducing the credit line should be taken in time. The customer who raises the credit line shall be re-approved for credit, and the credit line shall not be raised without the consent of the customer. Banking financial institutions shall strictly set the approval authority for raising the credit line, and reasonably set the range, frequency, time interval and validity period of the temporary increase of the credit line.

　　(XIV) [Risk Model] Banking financial institutions shall establish and improve the whole process management mechanism of credit card risk model development, testing, evaluation, application, monitoring, correction, optimization and withdrawal, ensure that the risk model development and evaluation links are independent of each other, and re-evaluate the risk model at least once a year and update and optimize it in time. When using the risk model provided by the cooperative organization, the principles of interpretability, verifiability, transparency and fairness shall be followed, and the responsibility of risk model management shall not be outsourced. The board of directors and senior management of banking financial institutions should understand the role and limitations of credit card-related risk models.

　　Fourth, strictly control the flow of funds

　　(XV) Banking financial institutions shall take effective measures to timely and accurately monitor and control the actual use of credit card funds. Credit card funds shall not be used for repayment of loans, investment and other fields, and it is strictly forbidden to flow into areas restricted or prohibited by policies.

　　(XVI) Banking financial institutions shall strengthen the monitoring and analysis of abnormal card use behaviors such as cashing and swiping, continuously optimize transaction monitoring rules, enhance early warning capabilities, and continuously and effectively prevent and control all kinds of fraud risks. Record and save credit card transactions and other information completely according to law, and continuously meet the requirements of supervision and inspection by financial regulatory authorities and investigation and evidence collection by judicial organs in China. If the transaction information that the acquiring institution should send is not received, it shall promptly inform the bank card clearing institution, the online payment clearing platform of non-bank payment institutions and other relevant institutions. For customers who confirm the existence of cash withdrawal, banking financial institutions should immediately take effective restrictive measures to control the risk of credit card funds.

　　Five, comprehensively strengthen the standardized management of credit card installment business.

　　(XVII) Banking financial institutions shall strictly regulate the management of credit card installment business. To handle installment business for customers, we should set up independent application, approval and other links in advance, fully disclose the nature of installment business, handling procedures, potential risks and liability for breach of contract in a concise and easy-to-understand way, and confirm the knowledge by customers in a legally effective way. A separate contract (agreement) shall be signed with the customer for each installment business, and it shall not be confused with or bundled with other credit card business contracts (agreements). If the credit card installment funds need to be transferred to the customer’s own account, it shall be transferred to his own bank settlement account except the credit card, and the amount and term shall be managed according to the cash advance business.

　　(XVIII) [Prohibitive Provisions] Banking financial institutions shall not re-stage the fund balance that has been staged, except for the personalized installment repayment agreement stipulated in the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Credit Card Business of Commercial Banks. No minimum repayment service shall be provided for installment business. Do not only provide or check the option of charging full installment interest at one time by default.

　　(XIX) [Amount and Term] Banking financial institutions shall carefully set the amount and term of credit card overdraft by installment, and specify the minimum starting amount and the maximum amount of installment business. The term of installment business shall not exceed 5 years. If the customer really needs to apply for installment repayment for the cash advance business, the amount shall not exceed RMB 50,000 or the equivalent in a freely convertible currency, and the term shall not exceed 2 years.

　　(20) [Disclosure Form of Interest and Fee] A banking financial institution shall clearly display all interest and fee items, annualized interest rate levels and interest and fee calculation methods that may be generated by installment business on the first page of the installment business contract (agreement). When showing customers the use cost of funds collected by installment business, interest shall be used uniformly, and handling fees shall not be used, unless otherwise stipulated by laws and regulations.

　　(21) If the customer settles the credit card installment business in advance, the banking financial institution shall charge interest according to the actual amount of funds occupied and the term.

　　Sixth, strict management of cooperative institutions

　　(22) [Management of Cooperative Institutions] When conducting credit card business cooperation, banking financial institutions should earnestly implement the main responsibility of business compliance review and strengthen cooperation with cooperative institutions in employee compliance and consumer protection training. The credit card business management department of the head office or the headquarters of the credit card franchise institution shall formulate clear entry and exit standards and management approval procedures for the cooperative institutions, and implement list management. A written cooperation contract shall be signed with the cooperative institution to clearly stipulate the rights and responsibilities of both parties. If it is found that the cooperative institution provides unfair and unreasonable cooperation conditions or services, it shall refuse to cooperate or terminate the cooperation according to the contract. The cooperative institutions mentioned in this Notice include, but are not limited to, various institutions that cooperate in credit card advertising promotion, payment and settlement, information technology, value-added services and collection.

　　(23) [Cooperative Management] Banking financial institutions shall accept business links such as credit card application, customer information collection, identity verification, card issuance review, contract (agreement) signing, credit card transaction, bill information inquiry, repayment, etc. through self-operated network platforms, pages or other electronic channels managed and controlled by cooperative institutions, so as to ensure clear and accurate creditor-debtor relationship. For consumers who transfer to the self-operated network platform of their own institutions through the channels of other cooperative institutions, the cooperative institutions shall be required to make special tips on the difference between the ownership subjects of the channels and places.

　　(24) [Concentration Management] The total number of credit cards issued by a banking financial institution through a single cooperative institution or a number of cooperative institutions with related relationships shall not exceed 25% of the total number of credit cards issued by the institution, and the total credit balance shall not exceed 15% of the total credit balance of the institution.

　　(25) [Co-branded card management — Main responsibility] Banking financial institutions shall assume the main responsibility for the operation and management of their co-branded cards, ensure that both parties to the co-branded cards present their own brands equally in all credit card-related business links, and shall not directly or in disguised form exercise banking duties on behalf of the co-branded units or substitute the brand of the co-branded units for the bank brand. We should continue to strengthen the analysis and monitoring of the business risk, reputation risk and other adverse effects of the joint venture, and strictly prevent the risk from being transmitted to this institution. Except for obtaining separate authorization from customers through the self-operated channels of the institution, information unrelated to its rights and services shall not be returned to the joint venture. It is not allowed to carry out business beyond the business area restrictions by issuing joint-name cards or through the channels of joint-name units. Strengthen cooperation with bank card clearing institutions, and establish and improve the business rules for issuing co-branded cards.

　　(XXVI) [Co-branded card management — Joint unit] Banking financial institutions shall carefully and fully evaluate the matching degree between joint units and credit card product positioning. A joint entity shall be a non-financial institution that provides value-added services to credit card customers in its main business field. Banking financial institutions shall not cooperate with financial institutions, financial holding companies and their subordinate financial institutions, non-bank payment institutions and local financial organizations to issue co-branded cards, except as otherwise provided by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.

　　(XXVII) [Co-branded card management — Service restrictions] The business scope of joint-name card cooperation of banking financial institutions shall be limited to the advertising promotion of joint-name units and the rights and interests services related to their main business. Where a joint venture provides data analysis, technical support, collection and other services, it shall sign a special contract separately, and stipulate the rights and responsibilities of both parties according to the principle of matching income and risk, and different cooperation content categories shall not be confused and cross-bound.

　　(XXVIII) [Co-branded card management — Service charge] If a joint unit participates in the credit card revenue or profit sharing directly or in disguised form in the joint card business cooperation, or improperly links the charging standard with the credit card overdraft amount and other indicators, the banking financial institution shall stop the joint card cooperation with it.

　　(29) [Collection Management] Banking financial institutions shall implement the main responsibility of collection management, strictly formulate and implement management systems such as audit inspection and complaint handling of collection business, standardize collection behavior, and shall not provide or disclose customer arrears information in violation of laws and regulations, and shall not collect debts from third parties unrelated to debts. Continuously strengthen the collection capacity building of this institution and reduce the dependence on outsourcing collection.

　　Vii. strengthening the protection of consumers’ legitimate rights and interests

　　(30) [Consumer Protection Review] Banking financial institutions shall establish a review system and working mechanism for the protection of consumers’ rights and interests, and incorporate them into the credit card business risk management and internal control system. Regularly and strictly review credit card format contracts to avoid clauses and contents that infringe on consumers’ legitimate rights and interests.

　　(31) [Reasonable Pricing] Under the premise of complying with laws and effectively covering risks, banking financial institutions should scientifically determine the level of credit card interest fees, improve the quality and efficiency of services, continue to take effective measures, and resolutely promote the reasonable decline of credit card interest fees. Except for cash withdrawal business, the total amount of interest charged by banking financial institutions to customers who default or fail to repay overdue shall not exceed the corresponding overdraft principal.

　　(32) [Data Security] Banking financial institutions shall strictly implement data security and other relevant laws and regulations and relevant provisions on credit management, follow the principle of "legality, justness and necessity", and clearly stipulate in the cooperation contract the purpose, manner and scope of the use of customer information by both parties, customer information confidentiality responsibilities and obligations, and effective measures to prevent and control the risk of customer information disclosure. It is not allowed to cooperate with institutions that conduct data processing in violation of laws and regulations.

　　Eight, strengthen the supervision and management of credit card business.

　　(33) [Daily Supervision] China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and its dispatched offices shall strengthen the risk identification, monitoring, early warning, prevention and control and disposal of credit card business of banking financial institutions, and continuously strengthen the extended monitoring and regulation of various business activities related to credit card business. In violation of the provisions of this notice, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit, and relevant regulatory measures or administrative penalties may be taken according to the Banking Supervision Law of the People’s Republic of China and other laws, administrative regulations and relevant provisions.

　　(XXXIV) [Online Credit Card Business] In accordance with the principles of controllable risks, safety and order, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission has promoted the innovation of the credit card industry and explored innovative modes such as online credit card business through pilot projects.

　　(35) [Strengthening Industry Self-discipline] The China Banking Association shall give full play to the industry self-discipline function, continuously improve the self-discipline rules and risk evaluation system of credit card business, and strengthen self-discipline punishment and notification.

　　(36) This notice shall come into force as of the date of promulgation. Banking financial institutions shall, within one month from the date of implementation of this notice, formulate and submit a rectification plan to the regulatory authorities, and clarify the rectification objectives and time schedule. If the credit card business that has been started does not conform to the provisions of this notice, the rectification shall be completed within 24 months.

　　(37) [Other Arrangements] If the relevant provisions before the issuance of this notice are inconsistent with this notice, this notice shall prevail. China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission is responsible for the interpretation of this notice.

　　[Feng Yaren, special correspondent of Global Times in the United States] Recently, the relevant departments in China announced that the products sold by Micron in China failed the network security review, and the operators of key information infrastructure in China should stop purchasing Micron’s products. In response, some American politicians played with "double standards", attacked the China administration for "economic coercion", and even asked the US government to take revenge. Experts interviewed by the Global Times reporter on the 24th believe that China’s cyber security review was carried out in accordance with the law. The U.S. side tried to use this case as an excuse to hold high the "big stick" to China semiconductor enterprises again, which can only cause greater harm to American enterprises and even the global industrial chain.

　　Jean-Pierre, White House press secretary, claimed on 23rd local time that the China government’s ban on purchasing Meguiar’s products was "not based on facts". On the same day, Gallagher, Chairman of the US-China Special Committee on Strategic Competition of the US Federal House of Representatives, issued a statement urging Washington to take a tougher stance on China, and called on the US Department of Commerce to impose trade restrictions on China memory chip manufacturers such as Changxin Storage and Changjiang Storage. Schumer, the Democratic Senate Majority Leader, issued a statement on 23rd, saying that he and Biden’s government are in contact with allies and enterprises to solve the problem of China’s ban on purchasing memory chips produced by Micron. Schumer also played up the so-called "China economic coercion" and declared that China’s action against Micron was "unacceptable".

　　In response to the remarks made by American politicians, Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Mao Ning said at a regular press conference held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the 24th that the relevant Chinese authorities conducted the cyber security review of Meguiar’s products sold in China in accordance with the law, and the decision was made on the basis of facts. China’s network security review does not target specific countries and regions, and does not exclude technologies and products from any country. On the other hand, under the pretext of "national security", the United States has put more than 1,200 China enterprises and individuals on various lists and imposed various restrictions without any factual basis. This is economic coercion and this is unacceptable.

　　While frequently imposing unilateral sanctions on China and other countries, it is "unacceptable" to censor China’s cyber security according to law, which makes many foreign media and netizens see clearly the "double standards" of the United States. At the same time, some analysts also mentioned that the revenge behavior clamored by individual American politicians will only harm others and themselves. The British website Unherd reported that the United States hopes to persuade other major economies to join the ranks of restrictions on China, but this kind of confrontation will only destroy those companies that are deeply involved, and countries such as South Korea have no interest in participating. The report said that the past year has brought a series of lessons to the United States and its allies, that is, in a rapidly changing world, their strength is limited. It is almost impossible to try to isolate China economically and diplomatically, and it is likely to isolate countries that try to implement this measure in the end. On 23rd, the US CNBC website also quoted giuliano Nocci, Vice President of China Affairs in Politecnico di Milano, as warning that it is "impossible" and "dangerous" to isolate Beijing.

　　The United States frequently wields the "big stick" of sanctions, which may damage not only its own enterprises, but even its own government agencies. Hong Kong’s "South China Morning Post" reported on the 24th that the Bureau of Industry and Security under the US Department of Commerce, which is in the front line of sanctions against China and Russia and often restricts the export of high-tech products, is facing the dilemma that people and money are not enough because the White House continues to expand the scope of export restrictions.

　　Wei Song, a professor at the School of International Studies at Beijing Foreign Studies University, told the Global Times reporter on the 24th that for a long time, the United States has constantly generalized the concept of "national security" and suppressed China’s information technology enterprises in an attempt to set obstacles for China’s scientific and technological development and industrial upgrading, which not only destroyed the global market rules, but also blocked the global value chain. "If the U.S. still wants to hold high China by micron ‘ Big stick ’ It will only cause greater losses to American companies. " Wei Song said, "The United States must face up to China’s development demands. Economic and political bullying will only aggravate global instability and there will be no winners."

　　Gu Wenjun, chief analyst of semiconductor research institute Core Research, told the Global Times reporter on 24th that Meguiar’s products are not irreplaceable for the China market, especially now that the industry is in a downward cycle, and companies have more stocks. Moreover, the report jointly written by the United States and Germany shows that in the next decade, China may account for about half of the global mature semiconductor production capacity. Gu Wenjun emphasized that Micron is only a case. China has always welcomed foreign companies that abide by the law, and the China market is still open. Bloomberg quoted John Neuffer, president and CEO of Semiconductor Industry Association of America, as saying that American semiconductor companies still want to enter the China market, "this is our biggest market".

　　 From November 8 to 10, 2004, the 4th China Internet Media Forum was held in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. The leaders of the central and provincial media websites, well-known portal websites and IT experts and scholars will deliver keynote speeches at the forum. At 2: 30pm on November 8th, China. com will continue to broadcast live through pictures, texts and videos.

A few days ago, the new car of FAW-Volkswagen Jetta brand-2023 model.Jetta VS7Officially listed. The new car continues to offer 6 models with a price of 105,900-137,900 yuan. As an annual modified model, the appearance and interior of the new car have not changed significantly, mainly for the price, configuration, engine model and other aspects of adjustment.

In terms of power system, the new car is equipped with a 1.4T engine with the model of DLE (supporting the national VI b emission standard), matched with a 5-speed manual gearbox or Aisin 6AT gearbox, with a maximum power of 110KW. (The engine model of the old model is DJS)

The picture is as follows:2023 Jetta VS7 280TSI Automatic Glory Edition

The new car is available in 6 configurations at a price.10.59-137,900 yuan. (The number and name of models are consistent with those of the old models)

Compared with the old model (2022), the price of the new car has increased by 1000-2000 yuan. At the same time, the manual/automatic progressive version model cancels the wireless charging of the mobile phone, the heating of the exterior rearview mirror/electric folding/locking automatic folding; The Yuexiang version has added 360 panoramic images; The Enjoy Edition/Glory Edition also cancelled the CarPlay/CarLife mobile phone interconnection mapping.

In addition, the new car alsoAdded the video screen projection function of car mobile phone and the application platform of small program; The built-in microphone is upgraded to an external dual microphone, etc.

In design, the large-size blackened air intake grille is connected with the headlight group, and chrome-plated decorative strips are added to the outer edge of the grille. In addition, the left and right sides of the front enclosure are also equipped with LED daytime running lights, which, together with the trapezoidal blackened air intake and silver decorative pieces, make the front face of the new car show a good sense of fashion and dynamic atmosphere.

The body dimensions of the new car are:4624*1841*1624mm, with a wheelbase of2730mm, positioning medium-sized SUV.

In addition, the new car also comes standard with 18-inch wheels, and tyre size is:225/50 R18。

At the rear of the car, the rear of the new car continues to use a similar triangular taillight group, and a raised line is also designed on the rear tailgate. In addition, the bottom of the rear enclosure is also dotted with Y-shaped through reflective decorative strips, blackened decorative pieces and silver diffusers, and the exhaust uses a hidden layout.

In the interior design part, the center console area of the new car is equipped with a three-position flat-bottomed steering wheel, a 3.5-inch monochrome screen+mechanical pointer instrument, and a 10-inch central control screen (the manual and automatic entry-level models use an 8-inch central control screen). In addition, the new car also provides manual or automatic air conditioning.

In addition, the new car is also equipped withJ-Link intelligent control interconnection system,Support GPS online navigation, 4G network, voice recognition to control WIFI hotspots and other functions.

In the seat part, the car adopts a five-seat layout, and the entry-level model uses fabric seats, while the middle and high-end models use leather-like seats.

In terms of seat functionality, the entry-level models only support manual adjustment, while the mid-high models support electric adjustment of the main driver’s seat, and the glory models also support front seat heating.

Power unit, 2023 Jetta VS7The 1.4T engine with DLE model (supporting the national VI b emission standard) was replaced, matching the 5-speed manual gearbox or Aisin 6AT gearbox., the maximum power is 110KW(150Ps), the maximum torque is 250N.m, the acceleration at zero speed is 9.8 seconds (manual transmission) /10.2 seconds (automatic transmission), and the comprehensive fuel consumption under WLTC condition is 6.6L (manual transmission) /7.1L (automatic transmission).

Since its listing four years ago, it has accumulated more than 140,000 users, and its excellent product strength has been highly recognized by users. In order to fully meet the market demand, today’s long-axis version of PLUS was just launched in October, with a price range of 80,800-89,800. Compared with the previous models, the new car not only improved in space, but also further upgraded in power. So, specifically, what are the changes?

There are two models for home business to choose from.

PLUS is divided into maker version and IKEA version, of which maker version is mainly for business, while IKEA version is for home. In terms of appearance, the two models are different. First, on the air intake grille, the maker version on the left is two thick chrome-plated horizontal bars, and the visual shape looks very heavy.

On the right, there are three IKEA versions, and the shape is slimmer and looks younger and more refined. In addition, the two are all different in lighting, and the IKEA version has added a low beam lens and a new one than the maker version. Secondly, on the Internet, the IKEA version also integrates functions.

In terms of dimensions, the length, width and height of the IKEA version are 5145, 1765 and 1900mm, respectively, while the Maker version is 5075, 1765 and 1900 mm. Compared with the previous M3 version, the IKEA version has increased by 430mm, the Maker version has increased by 424mm, and both of them have increased by 300 mm.

On the other hand, both models are matched with Chaoyang RADIALRP26 series with specifications of 205/65R15. On the rim, the two models are also different. The IKEA version is equipped with petal-shaped aluminum alloy rims, which are very beautiful in shape, while the Maker version is equipped with steel rims, and the outer side is equipped with a silver rim cover. Although the shape is not as eye-catching as the IKEA version, it is practical, but it is also in line with its product positioning.

There is basically no difference between the square design of the rear end and the M3 ordinary version. The taillights are arranged longitudinally, all of which are halogen light sources, and there are four convenient and practical ones in the back.

PLUS adopts the torsion bar type independent front and the non-independent rear with strong bearing capacity.

The interior design is concise and practical.

In terms of interiors, PLUS adopts a black and gray color scheme, which looks warmer. The center is equipped with daily equipment such as radio, which is standard in all departments. The actual experience feedback of function buttons is clear, and the adjusting knob feels very good. The overall design and layout are reasonable, and you can do it blindly for a while.

The air outlet of the circular air conditioner is also chrome-plated, which adds a lot of points. The lower 5th gear lever is also integrated in the center console, which is convenient to use and also optimizes the spatial layout.

The double-circle display has a good effect and a large size, and it can read all kinds of vehicle data intuitively. A liquid crystal display screen is placed in the center, which can provide daily information such as display time,, and so on.

The front fabric seat supports manual adjustment in four directions, such as front and rear position and backrest angle, but it cannot be adjusted in height. However, there are handrails on the inside of the seat, which can relieve fatigue to some extent.

There are two cup holders in the center of the seat, and there is also a card slot, which is very convenient to place some fuel cards, high-speed pass cards, etc. At the back, there is an open storage compartment with anti-skid pads, which can be used to place items such as mobile phones without any problems.

Adopt electric lifting mode, and one side of the driver’s seat has a one-button lifting function.

Headlights with height adjustment, equipped with electric.

The rear row is equipped with an independent air outlet, a 12V power supply and a 5V2.4AUSB interface, and there is also a and at the bottom. The configuration is still very rich, which can fully take care of the comfort of the rear passengers.

The space advantage is obvious compared with the same class models.

Our car owners are a group of real businessmen, and their customers are mainly distributed in professional markets such as wholesale and retail, transportation, construction and fishery. In fact, this part of consumers’ demand for car purchase is the first choice for large space. Undoubtedly, larger space means that it can help them improve the efficiency of single transportation, and spend more time and earn more money while running fewer trips.

Therefore, the space aspect is a major advantage of PLUS. The whole vehicle reaches 3110mm, which is 300mm longer than that of the ordinary version, and the overall internal volume is increased by 0.9m3 compared with the ordinary version. The space has been fully optimized. For example, the second PLUS can be folded and hung directly, so that the loading space has been comprehensively improved compared with the models of the same class that are put down in proportion. The maximum depth from the front seat to the tailgate can reach 2870mm, the internal width is 1530mm, the internal height is 1295mm, and the maximum volume reaches 5685L L. At present, the largest sizes generally required in the building materials market are woodworking boards with a width of 1.2 meters and a length of 2.4 meters, as well as pipes and skirting lines with a length of 3 meters. These common building materials can be easily loaded by PLUS.

Thanks to the flexible space layout, the luggage compartment space of PLUS is excellent compared with its peers even when it is full of passengers. Taking cuboid cartons with length, width and height of 34 cm, 20cm and 20 cm respectively as reference objects, the luggage compartment space of PLUS can accommodate 7 cartons horizontally, 2 cartons vertically and 6 cartons vertically, which are arranged in double rows, and a total of 40 cartons can be placed in the whole rear luggage compartment. However, under the same horizontal and vertical space, cars of the same class can only accommodate one carton in the vertical direction and can only be arranged in a single row, and only 20 cartons can be placed in the trunk space. It is not difficult to see that the advantages of PLUS space are obvious compared with competing models.

1.8 liters meets the national six standards, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is only 8.5 liters.

Of course, while the space is improved, the power performance and load-bearing performance of the PLUS vehicle have also been upgraded accordingly. In terms of power, the whole vehicle is equipped with a 1.8L naturally aspirated machine from Liuji, with 98kW(133Ps)/5600rpm and a peak torque of 182Nm/3600-4400rpm. Compared with the original M3 model, the power is increased by 12%.

This model adopts 8 holes, and the fuel atomization is good and low, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is only 8.5L/100km, which meets the requirements of National Sixth. In terms of bearing capacity, the overall bearing capacity of the optimized axle of PLUS has increased by 25%, which can reach 1.5 tons. With the reinforced type with higher bearing capacity, it can meet the needs of users under different working conditions.

In the actual test drive experience, the first thing is that the driving position is relatively high and the vision is very broad. In terms of power, the brand-new 1.8 liter has a good power reserve at the start and mid-course acceleration, and the throttle is sensitive. You will feel the power output when you tap the throttle. When switching between different gears, it can always be in a better economic speed range. In terms of control, the steering wheel is equipped with electronic power, and the steering is still very easy.

The matching fifth gear shift is also very smooth, and you won’t feel very rough. There is no feeling of sloppiness in the shift, and the shift is very clear. The NVH of the whole vehicle has also been further improved. In the driving process, the noise inside the PLUS vehicle is less than that of the same class, and the driving comfort performance advantage of the whole vehicle is obvious.

Summary:

As a long-axis model, the advantage of the PLUS in space is still obvious. The performance of 3.1 meters is eye-catching, and more space can create more value for users. In terms of power, it has also been upgraded to 1.8L, and it also meets the requirements of National Six. Especially in terms of security, the whole department also comes standard with ABS+EBD, monitoring and early warning, stability system and other rich security configurations, which is quite kind. Combined with the price range of 8.08-8.98 million, there are basically no shortcomings in this car. PLUS products have suitable models to choose from for both home and business. I believe that with these advantages, it will also be favored by the majority of users, and the future market performance is worth looking forward to!

Editor: boundary

The article is provided by the author.

Li Jiangping, head of the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security (photo by Jiao Fei)

　　CCTV News:The State Council Press Office held a press conference on the 18th, inviting Lian Weiliang, deputy director of the Development and Reform Commission, Liu Xiaoming, deputy director of the Ministry of Transport, Li Jiangping, head of the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, Su Jie, director and spokesperson of the Comprehensive Coordination Department of Work Safety of the Emergency Management Department, Yan Hexiang, chief engineer and spokesperson of the State Railway Administration, Dong Zhiyi, deputy director of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, and Li Wenxin, deputy general manager of the Railway Corporation, to introduce the situation and work arrangements in Spring Festival travel rush in 2019, and answer questions from reporters.

　　Li Jiangping introduced that Spring Festival travel rush is the largest personnel flow in a year, and the goal of the public security traffic control department is to do its best to make the people walk safely and smoothly. All localities should make early judgments, strengthen organizational leadership, do a good job in overall planning, and ensure the effectiveness of traffic security work. The main work measures are:

　　First, stick to the safety bottom line and prevent major traffic accidents. Strengthen source control, intensively investigate and urge the rectification of road traffic safety hazards, and prohibit unqualified vehicles and unqualified people from participating in Spring Festival travel rush. Highlight key rectification, strictly investigate and control "two passengers, one danger and one cargo" and key vehicles such as school buses and rural vans. Strict road management, maximize the police force and equipment on the road, crack down on serious traffic violations such as "three overload and one fatigue" and drunk driving according to law, and always maintain a high-pressure situation.

　　Second, escort orderly to prevent serious traffic congestion. In view of three kinds of situations that are easy to cause congestion, such as big traffic flow, traffic accidents and bad weather, we require local public security traffic control departments to make classified policies and actively respond. For the traffic congestion caused by large traffic flow, it is necessary to strengthen traffic command and guidance, ensure the orderly passage of vehicles, and prevent disorder and immobility. For the congestion caused by traffic accidents, it is necessary to link the police with the insurance, compensate quickly and withdraw quickly to prevent small accidents from causing big congestion. For the congestion and detention caused by bad weather, it is necessary to coordinate the relevant units to shovel ice and snow in time to ensure traffic and minimize road closures.

　　Third, strengthen publicity services and create a caring and warm traffic environment. Adhere to strict and standardized fair and civilized law enforcement, adhere to publicity and tips first, and guide the masses to travel safely, civilly and reasonably. Insist on combining management with service, carry out the theme activity of "Safe Traffic Police Peer in Spring Festival travel rush" in depth, and set up Spring Festival travel rush Love Station relying on traffic police law enforcement stations and expressway service areas to provide passengers with convenient and beneficial services within their power, promptly accept people’s emergency help, and make people’s trip to Spring Festival travel rush more intimate and warm.　

　　In order to speed up the application of large-scale models and continuously promote the commercialization and large-scale popularization of typical applications, on the basis of summing up and evaluating the work experience of the first and second batch of partner programs, the third batch of "partner program" members is now organized, focusing on "high-quality data supply, high-performance computing power supply and high-value model application", and the partner members in five fields of computing power, data, model, application and investment are widely collected. The relevant matters are notified as follows.

　　I. Scope of the "Partnership Program"

　　The "Partnership Program" aims to build a market-oriented service platform with industrial synergy, complementary advantages and resources, effective application and flexible cooperation mechanism among partners.

　　(1) Calculation partners. Widely collected throughout the country, especially in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Mongolia and surrounding areas. Computing partners have the ability to provide diversified and high-quality computing resources, and can give priority to providing high-quality computing services to large model teams and enterprises in this city, which can effectively reduce the threshold for computing use of small and medium-sized enterprises and individual developers, and can access the computing interconnection and operation service platform in Beijing. Computing partners should have cooperation cases with large model enterprises and AIGC enterprises in high-performance computing support. Encourage enterprises with domestic computing resources to actively participate.

　　(2) Data partners. Data partner is the main body of data factor market, including data provider and data trader. Aiming at the high-quality data required for large-scale model training, it can combine specific application scenarios, give full play to the advantages of massive data resources and professional advantages of data providers, and realize the effective supply of training data and the compliant, efficient, safe and orderly flow. Priority should be given to the fact that the relevant data resources of data providers can be physically migrated, relying on the pioneer area of Beijing data basic system and the National Artificial Intelligence Data Training Base, and provide data support for large-scale model training through platform transactions. Encourage enterprises that can provide high-quality data resources for practical application scenarios such as intelligent manufacturing, government affairs, finance, medical care, entertainment and education to actively participate.

　　(3) Model partners. Model partners mainly include general model enterprises, industry model enterprises and model service providers. The technical parameters of the general large model need to reach the domestic leading level, and the development of industry models based on the general large model is encouraged. Model partners should have the ability to provide application services by using large models, and can provide application services based on specific industries, or rely on the basic model platform to train and optimize through exclusive industry data to provide industry application services. Related model services or applications have achieved commercial cooperation or large-scale promotion and use.

　　(4) Application partners. Application partners refer to all kinds of industry users who apply large-scale model capabilities to support business development. They should have a clear demand for cooperation in open scenarios, and have the ability and willingness to cooperate with applications. They can open their own typical application scenarios and rely on model products and services to drive business to improve quality and efficiency. Encourage central enterprises, state-owned enterprises and other units to actively participate.

　　(5) Investment partners. Investment partners can empower the development of general artificial intelligence industry by means of capital assistance and service docking, and play the role of incubation, guidance and driving. They should have the sustainability of investment and services, provide a good environment for investment, incubation and cooperation docking, and regularly hold docking exchanges, salons roadshows and other activities to drive scientific and technological innovation, discover typical scenarios, promote cooperation, and promote the high-quality development of the digital economy. In the past two years, the number of investment projects in large models and related industries of investment partners has reached more than 5; Investment partners organize at least 10 roadshows and other service docking activities every year.

　　Second, the reporting conditions

　　(1) reporting conditions. Units that are willing to participate in the development of general artificial intelligence industry in Beijing and meet the relevant conditions of five types of partners. There is no bad record in terms of quality, safety, reputation and social responsibility.

　　(2) Relevant rights and interests. Enjoy the docking service of computing power, data and application among partners, and provide relevant policy publicity and guidance.

　　Third, the working mechanism

　　In order to fully reflect the service docking effect of the "Partner Program", mobilize the enthusiasm of partner members and promote the double improvement of cooperation quality and effect, the working mechanism of partner member units is specially formulated.

　　The member units that have been selected into the partnership plan should actively participate in relevant activities or meetings and perform their partnership duties. After comprehensive evaluation, the member units that do not participate in relevant activities without reason will take measures such as "reminding and revoking partner membership" respectively. All partner memberships are reviewed quarterly, and enterprises and institutions that fail to reflect the role of partner members will be led out after a quarter of observation. All partner member units shall strictly abide by the objective facts in providing capacity services and information disclosure, and shall not slander their peers. The materials and documents shared or disclosed shall comply with relevant laws and regulations, and bear relevant responsibilities caused by self-behavior.

　　Fourth, the declaration method

　　The reporting entity can choose to assume one or more partner roles according to its own business type. The applicant should fill in the Application Form for the Third Batch of Beijing "Partnership Program" (see the attachment for details), and send the official application form PDF document and Word document to the contact email before March 1, 2024.

　　I hereby inform you.

Beijing Bureau of Economy and Information Technology　　　　

February 5, 2024　　

　　(Contact: Zou Qifeng, Wang Wei and Li Yiming; Tel: 18730662199 13810101764 13910808181; E-mail: gaozhengzhou@jxj.beijing.gov.cn)

CCTV News:Recently, the number of patients infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae has increased in many places, especially in children, and the treatment time is long. Many patients and their families have questions. Why is it not good after treatment for a while? I’ve already hit pneumonia vaccine, why can I get mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia? How to prevent uninfected people?

Hao Hongwen, chief physician of Pediatrics, Oriental Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, gave the following answers to nine common questions about mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

Question 1: Why did you get mycoplasma pneumonia after playing in pneumonia vaccine?

Hao Hongwen:This is actually a question that we often answer parents in clinic. Usually, children and the elderly are vaccinated with pneumonia vaccine, which is mainly aimed at Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, the pathogen of this popular pneumonia is Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and there is no vaccine against Mycoplasma pneumoniae at present. Therefore, even if vaccinated with pneumonia vaccine, pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae cannot be prevented, because the pathogen is different. Of course, pneumonia vaccine has positive significance in preventing pneumonia and other diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Question 2: I went to check my blood when I had a fever and cough. The antibody against Mycoplasma pneumoniae was also negative, but not positive. Why did it eventually become Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia?

Hao Hongwen:This is because the most positive time of mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody is 5-7 days after infection, so the initial examination may be negative, and some of them will be false negative. Therefore, negative antibody to mycoplasma pneumoniae can not rule out mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

Question 3: What are the characteristics of mycoplasma pneumonia? How to identify?

Hao Hongwen:Pneumonia caused by mycoplasma infection is characterized by "double weight and light weight".

First of all, the symptoms are serious. Children mainly have a severe fever and cough, and most of them will continue to have a high fever, or the low fever will continue all the time, and the cough will be very heavy. In the first day or two of the onset, the cough may not be obvious, and then the cough will gradually become obvious, mainly manifested as paroxysmal and irritating cough, that is, coughing up in a big array, and even coughing badly will vomit and shed tears. This kind of cough, often with little phlegm at the beginning, is characterized by dry cough, and phlegm will appear in the middle and late stage of the course of the disease, which is the "first weight".

Although this kind of pneumonia has a severe fever and cough, the rales of the lungs are often not heard in the early and middle stages of the disease. Therefore, there is no dry and wet rales after the doctor auscultates the lungs. In layman’s terms, it is no problem to auscultate the lungs. This is a "light".

The characteristic of this disease is twofold and lightness, and the "second weight" is that the chest radiograph is heavier. If a child has a fever for more than three days, high fever for more than three days or low fever repeatedly, and his cough gradually worsens for more than three or four days, he must also consider this kind of pneumonia. Although there is no obvious abnormality in auscultation, doctors will generally advise the child to take a chest film to see if there is any pneumonia. The chest film may show signs of lung inflammation, some of which may be patchy, some may even be large white consolidation, and even pleural effusion. This is the "second weight".

Therefore, we simply sum up the characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia as "double weight and light weight". If parents and friends find that their children have such characteristics of fever and cough, they must also pay attention to the possibility of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, and if necessary, conduct chest X-ray or even chest CT examination under the guidance of a doctor.

Question 4: How is Mycoplasma pneumoniae infected? How to prevent it?

Hao Hongwen:The infection of mycoplasma pneumoniae is the same as our common respiratory infections, and it is mainly transmitted through the mouth and nose, so it is easy to be infected in crowded places or in close contact with patients if no protective measures are taken. Therefore, in view of this route of infection, we still have to emphasize that children should go to crowded, closed and unventilated places as little as possible. If the disease is at a high incidence, it is recommended that children wear masks as much as possible and wash their hands frequently when going to these places. Of course, it is necessary to have enough sleep, a reasonable diet, and timely increase or decrease clothes according to the weather conditions, so as to enhance the child’s resistance and avoid the infection of mycoplasma pneumoniae. If someone in the family has been infected with mycoplasma, try to wear a mask or live in a separate room, and open the window frequently for air at home. Especially for families with two children, it is particularly easy to infect each other.

Question 5: Pneumonia only affects the lungs. Will there be other complications?

Hao Hongwen:Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, its impact on the human body is relatively extensive. The mild pneumonia will gradually recover after a few days of medication, and it will have a greater impact on the severe pneumonia or the pneumonia with long fever time and heavy lung imaging. The common complications are divided into two parts: intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary. The intrapulmonary complications include plastic bronchitis, embolism (which can be independent or combined with other parts), pleural effusion, and some children may be complicated with acute asthma attack and mixed lung infection. Extrapulmonary, including nervous system, circulatory system, blood system, skin, liver damage, kidney damage, etc., among which myocarditis, myocardial damage and liver damage are more common, and in addition, in the nervous system, encephalitis may be common. Skin complications will have some rashes, and the blood system may have some changes in blood cells such as platelets. Each system will also have serious complications, even life-threatening, so we can’t take it lightly.

Question 6: Why did the symptoms get worse after taking cephalosporin from the beginning?

Hao Hongwen:This is because penicillin and cephalosporins play a role by inhibiting the synthesis of cell walls, but when mycoplasma pneumoniae is infected, mycoplasma pneumoniae has no cell walls, so cephalosporins can’t play a role. The use of macrolides such as azithromycin or erythromycin mainly inhibits the synthesis of protein, thus inhibiting the activity of mycoplasma and playing an anti-infection role. Therefore, if mycoplasma pneumoniae is infected, cephalosporins are ineffective. However, some patients may be complicated with bacterial infection and also use cephalosporins.

Question 7: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, how should it be treated?

Hao Hongwen:If it is mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, it is generally divided into mild and severe. Mild pneumonia is treated with macrolides such as azithromycin for three days, which may be extended to five days according to the condition, or cyclic erythromycin and roxithromycin can be used. At the same time, you can use some drugs to relieve cough and phlegm. Traditional Chinese medicine can generally use Shegan Mahuang Decoction and Maxing Shigan Decoction after syndrome differentiation.

Severe mycoplasma pneumonia is mainly treated with azithromycin for 7 days, and then stopped for 3-4 days. According to the situation, a second course of treatment or a third course of treatment may be needed, with cough relieving, phlegm resolving, aerosol inhalation, etc., and anticoagulation treatment if necessary. Chinese medicine can be treated with Maxing Shigan Decoction combined with Sanzi Yangqin Decoction and Huanglian Jiedu Decoction. In this process, if the symptoms are not relieved, fever or severe cough persist, it is necessary to consider whether it belongs to drug resistance, mixed infection or other complications according to the situation, and consider switching to other antibiotics, adding hormones, combining antibiotics, bronchoscopic lavage, immunoglobulin and other treatments. This needs the doctor to decide according to the situation.

Quinolones are the first choice for adult treatment, as well as new tetracyclines.

In short, each patient’s situation is different. Under the guidance of treatment principles, specific problems are analyzed and solved. During the period, children should drink water properly, atomize to dilute sputum, and eat digestible food.

Question 8: Why did you use azithromycin and erythromycin, but your condition still hasn’t improved?

Hao Hongwen:This is because the improvement of the disease is related to the following factors: the first is to feel the virulence of this pathogen, the second is whether our body’s resistance is moderate (too weak or too strong), and the third is whether the drug is resistant. If you feel that the pathogen is more virulent, the child’s immunity is weak or too strong, then the drug is not enough to weaken the pathogen or inhibit the excessive immune response, so even the drug can not quickly inhibit the development of the disease. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia can be divided into mild pneumonia and severe pneumonia, as well as refractory mycoplasma pneumonia. It refers to that after 7 days of treatment with regular macrocyclic lipid antibiotics such as azithromycin, the clinical symptoms and signs or imaging examination have not improved, or other complications have occurred. This year’s guide in 2023 also mentioned "macrolide nonreactive mycoplasma pneumonia", which means that the condition has not improved after 72 hours of treatment with regular macrolide drugs. If drug resistance is considered, new tetracycline drugs such as doxycycline and minocycline can be selected. These drugs are suitable for children over 8 years old, and those under 8 years old are beyond the instructions, which need full evaluation and informed consent of parents. So it is also mycoplasma infection, but the development and changes of the disease are different because of different factors. However, this kind of refractory pneumonia or unresponsive pneumonia is often easy to develop into severe pneumonia. In addition to antibiotic treatment, it is often necessary to cooperate with a variety of therapeutic drugs and means.

Question 9: In the late stage of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, the child has a bad appetite and a persistent cough. What should I do?

Hao Hongwen:Some children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia still have some cough symptoms after 2-3 courses of anti-infection treatment, or at the later stage of disease treatment, the children show poor appetite and cough with persistent phlegm. At this time, considering that there may be airway hyperresponsiveness or other sequelae from western medicine, we can continue to adopt corresponding treatment and atomization. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment also has advantages. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the residual evil is not exhausted and the healthy qi has been injured in the later stage of the disease. Traditional Chinese medicine is used to clear the residual evil and help the healthy qi. At the same time, some other treatments of traditional Chinese medicine, such as cupping and massage, can be used to assist the recovery of pneumonia. (Reporter Yan Yan)