Industry-University-Research’s use of deep integration is the key to technological innovation.

　　□ Our reporter　Wei xiaowen

　　Q: What is the status of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in scientific and technological innovation?　

　　Chen Shengshui:Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has creatively put forward new development concepts, emphasizing that innovation is the first driving force for development. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the National Science and Technology Innovation Conference that scientific research should not only pursue knowledge and truth, but also serve economic and social development and the broad masses of the people. The vast number of scientific and technological workers should write their papers on the land of the motherland and apply scientific and technological achievements to the great cause of modernization. Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress once again stressed that we should accelerate the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy and promote the deep integration of innovation chain’s industrial chain, capital chain and talent chain.　

　　It can be seen that scientific and technological innovation is by no means a research in the laboratory, but must turn the achievements into a realistic driving force to promote economic and social development and serve the economic and social development and the broad masses of the people. In other words, scientific and technological achievements can only become an important force for the benefit of the economy and society after they have been transformed into new technologies, new processes, new materials and new equipment. To bridge the gap between scientific and technological research and industrialization, it is necessary to further improve the scientific and technological innovation system, innovate the application mechanism from the government, scientific research institutions, society, market and enterprises, improve the overall efficiency of the innovation system, and get through the "last mile" of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.　

　　Q: In the process of promoting the deep integration of innovation chain’s industrial chain, capital chain and talent chain, who are involved and how to achieve the deep integration?　

　　Chen Shengshui:The deep integration of Industry-University-Research’s use is an important content of innovative development concept and deepening the reform of science and technology system, which promotes the transformation of economic growth mode from factor-driven to innovation-driven. Industry-University-Research’s deeply integrated innovation system takes enterprises as the main body, industry-leading cutting-edge technologies and key common technologies as the guidance, focuses on the capabilities of enterprises, universities and research institutes in the upstream and downstream of the industry, and strengthens collaboration through consultation, co-construction and sharing. In the process of Industry-University-Research’s deep integration, enterprises, scientific research institutions, universities and governments need to build a multi-party benign interaction mechanism to achieve multi-win.　

　　Enterprises are the main body of technological innovation, an important force in the close combination of technology and economy, and a new force to promote innovation and creation. Knowing the market demand, enterprises can transform scientific and technological achievements into productive forces in the first time, and then give full play to the role of scientific research institutions and institutions of higher learning, and integrate their own rich experience with the basic, forward-looking and key research of scientific research institutions, so that independent innovation can reap fruitful results.　

　　Universities and research institutes are the source of basic research and personnel training, and they need to play a good role as engines. Universities and research institutes should give full play to the unique advantages of multidisciplinary integration, talent gathering and laboratory concentration, and take the initiative to participate and act positively. On the one hand, we should aim at the major needs of economic and social development and solve a number of key, core and common technologies that restrict industrial development; On the other hand, we should also adhere to the market demand and realize all-round integrated cooperation between schools and enterprises in teaching, scientific research, base and employment.　

　　The government is a policy maker and an important guiding force for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and should play a leading role. Do a good job in top-level design, build a platform for cooperation in Industry-University-Research, create a good external environment, anchor the goals of optimal policy, lowest cost, best service and fastest work, and constantly stimulate the vitality of market players and the creativity of research institutes and universities.　

　　In addition, in recent years, in the transformation chain of scientific and technological achievements, carriers and platforms such as incubators and technology transfer institutions, and accelerators such as financial institutions, applied R&D institutions and new R&D institutions have also played an important role. In short, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is a complete innovation chain, involving multiple units, departments and various institutional attributes. It is necessary to clarify the functional orientation, clarify the responsibilities and rights, and build a scientific and technological achievements transformation mechanism with equal emphasis on incentives and constraints.　

　　Q: Compared with the manufacturing sector, what is the particularity of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in the water conservancy sector? What models have been explored for the transformation of water conservancy scientific and technological achievements?　

　　Chen Shengshui:The transformation of water conservancy scientific and technological achievements has three remarkable characteristics: first, the social welfare characteristics are obvious. Generally speaking, the service target of transformation is the social public management department, and the cooperation or service target is mainly large enterprises, institutions and government departments, and the threshold of transformation application is relatively high in the initial stage. Second, the engineering application features are obvious. Water conservancy scientific and technological achievements are generally for water conservancy project construction or operation and maintenance services, and the transformation is mainly in the form of technology development, consultation and service. The scientific and technological achievements transformed to solve the problems of engineering projects have great changes in the final form because of the different needs of projects and different roles of participation. Third, it requires a higher degree of integration for Industry-University-Research. Different from product achievements such as machinery, electronics, daily necessities, and large-scale production technology achievements such as oil and gas development and equipment manufacturing, the transformation of water conservancy scientific and technological achievements requires long-term close cooperation between applied research and transformation and development technicians.　

　　As a strategic scientific and technological force of national water conservancy, nanjing hydraulic research institute has been seeking institutional innovation in scientific and technological innovation and achievement transformation, and has gradually explored some transformation modes of scientific and technological achievements in promoting the early transformation of achievements and helping them to be widely popularized. First, the research department directly carried out the transformation. Focus on the major scientific and technological needs of high-quality development in the new stage of the industry to tackle key problems, form advanced, useful and practical technological achievements, and promote scientific and technological progress in the industry. For example, technical research is carried out around major national projects such as Baihetan Hydropower Station, Three Gorges Ship Lift and Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, and the results are directly applied. The second is the deep integration of production, research and development to carry out transformation. Focusing on the technical problems encountered in different stages of the whole chain of water conservancy project construction, researchers cooperate with affiliated scientific and technological enterprises in the whole process. Researchers provide solutions and technical support, while affiliated scientific and technological enterprises transform scientific and technological achievements into new technologies, new processes, new materials and new equipment to solve the water conservancy project construction chain through design, products, organization and management and on-site implementation. The third is to integrate resources and jointly carry out transformation. Facing the national multi-industry engineering and technical problems, we will innovate and cooperate with relevant central enterprises, state-owned enterprises, universities and research institutes, give full play to the advantages of talents, technologies, platforms, funds and policies, integrate resources, and transform scientific and technological achievements into greater effectiveness as a whole.　

　　Q: How to further smooth the transformation channel of water conservancy scientific and technological achievements?　

　　Chen Shengshui:In recent years, the transformation of water conservancy scientific and technological achievements has made remarkable progress and achievements, but there are also shortcomings. From the perspective of management, some experts in the same field suggested that five mechanisms should be improved to accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements: first, improve the functional hematopoietic mechanism to achieve high-quality scientific and technological supply; The second is to improve the process flow mechanism and smooth the transformation of results into "intestinal obstruction"; The third is to improve the factor flow mechanism and activate the flow of factors in the transformation of results; Fourth, improve the incentive and restraint mechanism to stimulate the enthusiasm of all parties in the transformation of results; The fifth is to improve the protection mechanism of talents and intellectual property rights and realize the transformation from demographic dividend to talent dividend and innovation dividend.　

　　Specific to practical work, first, we should deepen our understanding of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, improve our political stance, practice new development concepts, and combine the development needs of our units and departments to truly transform the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into the endogenous driving force for the development of our units and departments. Second, it is necessary to strengthen the link between the higher and lower levels and departments of the transformation system of scientific and technological achievements. Open up the collaborative channels between science and technology, finance, personnel and industry management and transform the results into the "last mile"; Sort out and solve the contradiction between the laws and regulations encountered in the process of scientific and technological achievements transformation and the relevant policies of institution supervision, enterprise supervision and fund supervision. Third, we should create a good atmosphere for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, strengthen policy interpretation and publicity, formulate relevant policies in detail, and implement policies on returning talents to their original posts after leaving their posts or doing transformation work part-time, and exempting them from due diligence during the transformation of achievements. Fourth, efforts should be made to train talents for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Experience shows that talents for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements need to have comprehensive knowledge of intellectual property, law, management, technology and management, and intensify efforts to train compound talents specializing in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and effectively give researchers and technicians equal remuneration and incentive mechanisms.