In the exhibition hall, unique gifts, precious and informative written materials and vivid video scenes attracted the attention of the general secretary. CCTV’s "Network Plus" invites you to watch the exhibition together in the "cloud" to learn about the friendly exchanges, profound friendship, cultural exchanges and mutual learning between China and countries that have established diplomatic relations.

△ founding ceremony color historical images taken by Soviet photographers presented by Russian President Vladimir Putin

△ tapestry "Amazon River" presented by former French President Pompidou

△ telegram from the United Nations to restore People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s legal seat

△ Porcelain swan presented by former US President Nixon

△ Silver cigarette case presented by former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher

△ Camel-shaped cup presented by Nazarbayev, the first president of Kazakhstan.

△ Traditional mask presented by former Indonesian President Susilo

△ Shell mosaic decorative painting presented by Kim Jong-un, General Secretary of the Workers’ Party of Korea, and his wife

△ commemorative U disk of Inner Mongolia Railway presented by Kenyan President Kenyatta

△ Athena relief presented by former Greek Prime Minister Tsipras

△ Painted woodcarving presented by former Bolivian President Morales

△ Traditional decorative paintings presented by Fiji Prime Minister bainimarama

For more information, please see the video ↓

(Central Radio and Television General Station CCTV Network)

　 　 　 　CCTV News: From the end of December 2020, the Chengdu Municipal Market Supervision Bureau of Sichuan Province launched the "Spring Thunder Action 2021", in which the "Yangtze River is forbidden to catch and break the chain" joint law enforcement action, and through the strict investigation of aquatic products business households, food markets, catering enterprises and other points, the inspection records of merchants’ purchases and the legal sources of aquatic products were carried out.

　 　 　 　At the end of February this year, during a surprise inspection, law enforcement officers found that "Chinese sturgeon", a national key wild protected animal in 88 yuan/Jin, was actually peddled in the menu of a catering enterprise in Pidu District, and the law enforcement officers seized these four live fish suspected of "Chinese sturgeon" on the spot. After identification by the Fisheries Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the results showed that these so-called wild "Chinese sturgeon" were actually hybrid sturgeons of Russian Siberian sturgeon and Acipenser schrenckii, not the wild "Chinese sturgeon" advertised by the store.

　 　 　 　The special inspection found that some catering enterprises used wild animals and key protected animals in "rivers, lakes and seas" as gimmicks to make false propaganda. According to the identification of the aquatic products authorities, these so-called wild fish are artificially domesticated and propagated. As some merchants are unable to provide relevant domestication qualifications and purchase vouchers, they are being investigated and dealt with.

　 　 　 　At present, the joint enforcement action of "No Fishing in the Yangtze River and No Breaking of Chain" has inspected 6,042 farmer’s (wholesale) markets, 5,728 supermarkets and 38,035 catering units, and found that 862 catering units failed to implement the requirements of incoming inspection records and could not provide legal source certificates for aquatic products, and have been ordered to complete rectification, and 54 illegal cases have been filed for investigation.

　　As an extremely precious epic text in the treasure house of Chinese culture and even the world culture, Gesar has experienced the development process from the folk oral narrative tradition spread on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for thousands of years, to the national folk culture under the national discourse system, and then to the intangible cultural heritage of mankind in the international perspective, which is a great contribution of the Chinese nation to human civilization.

　　Historically, the story of the hero Gesar has been spread among Tibetans, Mongolians, Naxi, Yugur, Tu and other ethnic groups. They localized the story and formed a heroic epic that all ethnic groups highly admire. As a result, "Gesar" originated in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and then spread to all ethnic groups and regions and even to the surrounding areas in cross-border and cross-cultural contexts. It has become a cultural treasure that witnessed the long-term exchanges and exchanges between Tibetans and other ethnic groups, and has also become an important cultural heritage shared by China and countries and regions along the Belt and Road Initiative.

　　▲ Gesar Square in Yushu, Qinghai. (Source: Picture Worm Creativity)

　　Since 1950s, our government has included the collection and arrangement of Gesar in the national cultural protection work sequence, which can be said to give it a "second life". On this basis, since the beginning of this century, the country has vigorously advocated and practiced the concept of intangible cultural heritage protection, which has further protected, inherited and developed Gesar, and opened a new connection and dialogue with the world based on the local conditions.

　　Grand narrative tradition

　　As a masterpiece of folk literature, Gesar is a grand narrative epic created by the Tibetan people and still in live transmission, representing the highest achievement of ancient Tibetan folk culture. It tells the story of King Gelsall, a hero, who devoted himself to saving the living beings, leading the "Lingguo" tribe to subdue demons, restrain the strong and help the weak, and promote people to live in harmony and build a beautiful home. It comprehensively reflects the ancient features of history, society, religion, customs, morality and culture of Tibetans and other ethnic groups, and is an important carrier of local knowledge, ethnic memory, folk wisdom and mother tongue expression.

　　Like other national epics and folk literature works, Gesar has two basic ways of dissemination: first, it is preserved and disseminated by manuscripts and woodcuts; Second, it is passed on by the people, especially the excellent inheritors. The successor of Gesar, the rapper, is called "Zhongken" and "Zhongwow" in Tibetan, which means the storyteller. It is by virtue of the outstanding oral artistic talents of "Zhongken" and "Zhongwa" from generation to generation that Gesar has been passed down for thousands of years in the vast plateau agricultural and pastoral areas, spread widely among the people, and even become a part of their daily lives.

　　When folk artists sing, they often sum up the main content of Gesar in three sentences: "The heaven above sent envoys to earth, and there were various disputes in the middle world, and the hell below completed the karma." It can be seen that the whole epic consists of three parts: heroes descending to earth, surrendering demons and stabilizing the world. Its scale is generally described by more than 1 million lines, more than 20 million words and more than 170 texts in academic circles. It is well-deserved to be one of live transmission’s epics with the longest length and the largest scale in the world, and it can be called the "world epic crown". As far as the system is concerned, in fact, these are only approximate figures, because Gesar is a living epic, and its length and connotation are constantly breaking through with the improvisation of singers. Gesar, as we see it today, is a grand narrative tradition with vast text content, complex discourse structure, diverse genre forms and numerous ways of inheritance, which is spread across nationalities, borders and cultural circles.

　　This "encyclopedic" great epic also witnessed the exchanges and cultural creativity of all ethnic groups in China. It is not only the source of inspiration for the creation of traditional folk art such as Thangka, Tibetan opera and singing, but also the source of modern art such as literature, film and television, dance, music and fine arts, which has greatly promoted the prosperity and development of various literary and artistic forms. In the process of the spread of Gesar, the languages, religious beliefs and values of all ethnic groups have had a profound impact on it. At the same time, it has continuously absorbed the cultures of all ethnic groups and enriched its own content and connotation.

　　▲ "Gesar" Tibetan translation Chinese series. (Photo courtesy of Xizang Autonomous Region Academy of Social Sciences)

　　Looking back at the beginning of the formation of Gesar, like many folk stories, it seems to be a story born out of history (with history as its theme) and spread among the people in the form of legend. Then, how did this legendary, scaly-clawed folk story develop into a grand narrative work and then become a spectacular narrative tradition?

　　The epic text of Gesar consists of three different genres, namely, historical genre, mythical genre and artistic genre. Among them, historical genre is the basis of epic genre, but in the later oral context, it constantly experienced the process of "de-historicization", and gradually merged into mythical and artistic images, and finally built an "epic building". Most of the other epics in the world originated from real history or took history as the background. Comparing the texts of Gesar in different times, we will find that the early texts are close to the objective reality, although they are legendary; Later texts have a strong mythical color; However, the text produced in recent years has a strong Buddhist color, which has generally gone through three stages: historical experience (original historical narrative), historical myth and then myth art. In China, it is not uncommon for myths to be historicized. As far as Tibetans are concerned, the history before the period of Tubo Songzan Gambo in the 7th century A.D. can be regarded as oral mythical history to some extent. This also shows that only when history is mythologized can it spread fire for the birth of epic.

　　According to the literature, Gesar is a historical figure. He was born in the first half of the 11th century in a tribe called Lingguo on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, that is, the dege county-Ezhi area in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. His real life scene before his death is described in detail in the 14th century’s History of the Lang Family. The map of the Tang Dynasty in the Atlas of Chinese History, edited by Mr. Tan Qixiang, clearly marked the location of "Ling", indicating that the tribe was already famous at that time. Thus, Gesar, as a historical figure with flesh and blood, laid the foundation for the text of Gesar. Subsequently, from the original historical narrative to the mythical narrative, Gesar changed from man to god, and the historical text gradually evolved into an epic text.

　　▲ Picture book "Young Hero King Gelsall" China Zhongfuhui Publishing House. (Source: Zhongxin. com)

　　In this process, many important events in Tibetan history formed intertextual relations with Gesar, which became important materials for molding epic texts. From a macro point of view, the time and space view of the whole epic refers to the historical events, social events, folk traditions, military achievements, etc. of Tibetans moving from a scattered tribal society to a unified Tubo society. With the progress of cross-culture, Gesar borrowed many concepts and terms referring to social and cultural events in Tibetan history. For example, taking "Zong" (the county-level administrative organization in ancient Tibet) as the basic narrative unit, it is often used to describe and divide the units of epic stories with 18 major sects, 18 middle sects, 18 minor sects or 64 minor sects. In addition, it was also integrated into many historical events at that time, including the dispute between Buddhism and benzene, the mutual struggle between Tibetan local forces in the Tubo period and the post-Honghu period, etc. However, this intertextuality uses mythical and artistic methods. Although the mythical text has not yet reached the level of a masterpiece, the story model and basic structure have been formed, and there have been chapters such as Birth, Horse Racing as King, Huoling War, Jiangling War, Menling and Moling. In this regard, scholar Yang Yi put forward: "In a long period of time, due to the nurturing of various cultural factors and the genius creation of the artist’s mind and soul, (Gesar) has been sprouted from a limited number of original works, full of vitality, expanded into a department, and was born outside the department. Only by subduing the evil part, it has derived 18 large pieces and 18 small pieces, and absorbed the rich wisdom of the nation.Finally, it is more than 100 in length. "

　　▲ Gesar epic Tibetan embroidery scroll "Thirty Generals of Gesar Ridge" appeared in the "GAO-YUAN Intangible Heritage Forum". (Photo by Fion Sun from China News Agency)

　　Gesar learned from and absorbed Buddhist culture in the early stage of its gestation and birth, and was able to turn a chrysalis into a butterfly, with a gorgeous turn from a fairy tale to a grand narrative. Although the Buddhist thought was gradually strengthened in the later Gesar text, its artistic essence never changed. Buddhism, as an artistic means, has created the evolution process of Gesar from perceptual to rational, from the experience level to the concept level, which has played an important role in the leap from myth to art and provided a philosophical basis for the transition from metaphor to symbol level. No matter in the stage of historical myth or mythological art, the evolution of Gesar’s text takes artistic imagination as the starting point and poetic thinking as the logical origin of epic narration, which promotes the formation of the core values and concepts recognized by all ethnic groups in China, such as the feelings of home and country, the way to help the world, equality, freedom and justice.

　　It is precisely because of its lofty characteristics and grand thoughts that the epic Gesar can spread and develop across regions, nationalities, borders and cultures. In the 11th and 12th centuries, after the formation of the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with the Three Rivers as the core, Gesar continued to radiate outward, forming a "core area" and a "radiation area" at the regional and geographical levels, as well as a huge epic spread belt across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Mongolian Plateau and the Pamirs, which became an important part of the multi-ethnic cultural circle in the Himalayas. With the footsteps of pilgrims and business travelers on the ancient tea-horse road, with the forgetfulness of rappers, especially with the continuous expansion and deepening of exchanges and exchanges between various ethnic groups, Gesar has gradually spread to more and further places from the junction of Tibet, Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu and other provinces and regions in China.

　　▲ The dance "Ling King Gelsall" filmed at the special cultural evening to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the liberation of Qamdo. (Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhan Yanshe)

　　Nowadays, Gesar is widely spread and influential among Tibetan, Mongolian, Tu, Yugu, Dongxiang, Sala, Naxi, Qiang, Menba, Luoba, Pumi, Bai, Dulong and Lisu in seven provinces and regions. In addition, Nepal, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Mongolia, Russia and other countries and regions have also spread. In other words, it has formed an international circulation belt along the "Belt and Road", becoming a beautiful landscape in the history of world cultural exchange and epic territory, and an important witness to the exchange and mutual learning of human civilization and cultural creativity.

　　(The author is Nobuwangdan, director and researcher of Tibetan Literature Research Office of Institute of Ethnic Literature, China Academy of Social Sciences, director of the office of the National Leading Group for Gesar, and professor of China Academy of Social Sciences. This article was published in the 6th issue of China Nationality magazine in 2022. )

　　Producer | Yang Xinhua

　　Audit | Niu Zhinan

　　Coordinating | Kang Kunquan, Hu Jun, Liu Jia

　　Editor | Long Huirui Jiang Ling Francy Wang Keyra Liu

　　Production | Kou Jiayu

CCTV News:Over the past few days, all parts of China have strictly implemented various epidemic prevention and control measures to curb the spread of the epidemic.

Beijing started 12— on July 20th; Since the vaccination of 17-year-old people in Covid-19, as of August 16th, the vaccination rate of "the first dose" has exceeded 80%, and all districts in the city have started the vaccination of "the second dose" one after another.

At present, all communities in Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province are still under closed management. The community implements grid management for residents and establishes a ledger for the classification of special hardship groups.

On the 15th, three asymptomatic infected people were found in the port area of Alashankou City, Bozhou, Xinjiang. At present, the transfer work is already in full swing. On the 16th, all the staff in Bozhou were negative. Alashankou City has started the second round of all-staff nucleic acid testing, and closed management has been implemented in key areas.

As of the 15th, there have been no new local cases in Nanjing for three consecutive days, and Lukou Street in Jiangning District has been adjusted from a high-risk area to a medium-risk area since the 15th. So far, there is no high-risk area in Nanjing. Nanjing also launched the 12-mdash; The 17-year-old population received the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine.

On the 16th, Shangqiu City, Henan Province began the fourth round of all-staff nucleic acid testing. In order to avoid the gathering of people, the community adopted the method of dividing time into green codes and yellow codes to collect nucleic acid from residents, which is expected to be completed on the 17th.

Since 15th, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province has launched a new round of nucleic acid screening for key areas and people. At present, more than 1.32 million people have been detected, of which 6 cases are positive, 5 cases are from isolated personnel and 1 case is from a sealed control community. Yangzhou is carrying out large-scale disinfection activities in the whole city, especially strengthening disinfection efforts for public health facilities.

I. Purpose of the investigation

?

In order to give full play to the overall function of government statistics, reflect the construction of economic, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization and the management of government departments (industries) in Henan Province, and meet the needs of macro-decision management of the provincial party committee and government, this system is formulated in accordance with the Statistics Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Regulations on Statistics Management of Henan Province and relevant laws and regulations.

?

Second, the content of the survey

?

This system is a part of the statistical investigation of the provincial government in Henan Province. The statistical data refers to the statistical data obtained by the provincial departments in implementing the national statistical investigation and carrying out local statistical investigation, as well as the relevant business, financial data and administrative registration data within the scope of departmental management functions required by the provincial national economic accounting and statistical bulletin, including the following parts:

?

1 provincial departments to implement the relevant state ministries, commissions, bureaus, offices and other arrangements of the regular investigation, census statistics.

?

2. Statistical data obtained by provincial departments independently or jointly conducting local regular surveys and censuses.

?

3. The business and financial data required by provincial national economic accounting within the scope of departmental management functions mainly refer to the financial accounting data of the system business accounting under the jurisdiction of departments and units, including the balance sheet and income statement in the annual and regular financial accounting data.

?

4. Administrative registration materials closely related to statistics in the business under the jurisdiction of provincial departments.

?

5. Department statistics required for statistical bulletin.

?

III. Scope of investigation

?

The investigation scope of this system includes provincial departments, central administrative departments in Henan and direct reporting units (referred to as provincial departments). Provincial departments include provincial state organs, some institutions with administrative functions, people’s organizations with certain administrative functions authorized by the government, group companies (associations), courts, procuratorates, etc. authorized to exercise administrative functions on behalf of the competent authorities. Central administrative departments in Henan include departments with dual leadership of the central and local governments and central administrative institutions in Henan, and direct reporting units include regional administrative institutions (branches, sub-branches, sub-branches, and sub-branches) headquartered in regional financial institutions in other provinces (cities, districts) in Henan.

?

Fourth, the survey method

?

This system collects comprehensive data from the current statistical investigation and administrative records of provincial departments, and does not assign investigation tasks to grassroots respondents. The system is divided into general table and department table. The general table is submitted by several provincial departments, and the department table is submitted by a single provincial department.

?

V. Organization mode

?

The statistical investigation of the implementation department of this system is under centralized management, and the sub-system, investigation frequency, submission time, submission method, receiving unit and contact person of the Provincial Bureau of Statistics of each report are clearly defined; The data is reviewed and confirmed by the relevant units of the Provincial Bureau of Statistics and the centralized management department.

?

VI. Data Release

?

Most of the data obtained by this system are publicly used in Henan Statistical Yearbook, and some of the contents are used for reference by local party committees and governments in macro-decision-making or in national economic accounting.

　 　 1905 movie network exclusive feature　5.49 billion! This is the monthly box office of China film market in July. How awesome is this number? Converted into US$ 884 million, the domestic market in the United States grossed US$ 1.09 billion in July, which means that China’s box office in July was equivalent to 81% of that in the United States. In vertical comparison, the box office in the same period last year was 3.693 billion yuan, an increase of 1.8 billion yuan, with an increase rate as high as 48%. Based on this growth rate, next year’s summer box office is expected to reach 8 billion yuan, surpassing the United States just around the corner.

　

　 　 The United States has the largest movie market in the world, but the total box office tends to be stable, and summer vacation is the most profitable period in a year. The last monthly record of China market was 4.134 billion yuan in February 2015, equivalent to 556 million US dollars, surpassing the box office in the United States for the first time. But at that time, China was a strong file because of the Spring Festival file; The same period in the United States is a low season. If we can surpass the United States in the summer file, it is estimated that China can really replace the United States as the world’s largest film market.

　

　 　 In the same period last year, Transformers 4: Extinction and Rebirth and breakup guru — — One big and one small, one outside and one middle dual-core drive are different. July this year is the July of domestic films, and the market share of domestic films accounts for 95.6%. What’s the secret behind this dazzling number and this blowout? Why did the market and audience suddenly get out of control? What is the doorway behind this seemingly lively movie midsummer carnival?

Watching blockbusters is fun: comedy is in power

　 　 There were three phenomenal films in July, namely monster hunt, Pancake Man and The Return of the Great Sage on the Journey to the West. The box office of "monster hunt" exceeded 2 billion, which not only secured the box office champion of Chinese movies in the Mainland, but also launched an impact on the box office champion "Speed and furious 7" (2.424 billion). Pancake Man also broke through 1.1 billion at the box office, successfully entering the top 10 of the mainland box office charts, while The Return of the Great Sage successfully surpassed Kung Fu Panda 2 to become the box office champion of the mainland animation. It is worth mentioning that all three films have got the extension key and are on the way to set a new record.

　

　 　 Looking through the box office rankings of Chinese movies, you will find an interesting phenomenon: six domestic films with box office exceeding 1 billion ("monster hunt" is 2.138 billion.<上映中>1.267 billion, 1.246 billion, 1.127 billion, 1.127 billion.<上映中>(1.169 billion) and "Journey to the West" 1.046 billion are comedies, and two are related to Journey to the West. If the standard is enlarged to 500 million box office Chinese films, the proportion of comedy films and films with strong comedy elements can still account for 50%.

　

　 　 From the data, it is not difficult to see the mainland audience’s love for comedies. Compared with foreign films, all of them have achieved a bumper box office in China, but they are not comedies. The advantage of domestic comedies lies in their grounding. There is only the question of whether the laughter is cold or not, and there is no situation where you can’t get it, and you don’t have to think twice about details such as culture and translation. Both comedies and special effects blockbusters are based on their powerful entertainment functions, which is also the purpose of the vast majority of viewers entering the cinema. In the blockbuster era when entertainment is king, there is nothing wrong with watching movies happily, and no one has the right to blame. However, at present, the mode of domestic commercial films is still in its infancy, which is simple and rude, and the types are still relatively single. The audience stratification is not clear, and small and medium-sized productions and art films cannot find their own audience, which will restrict the comprehensive development of domestic films.

　

　 　 Today, the polarization between comedy films and special effects films is gradually taking shape, and youth films are a spent force. Movies that focus on the youth market, such as Everything is Growing, Why Shengxiao Mo, Tiny Times 4: The End of the Soul, and Gardenia Blossoms, have achieved good box office results in the first week of release, but fans’ impulsive consumption and low reputation are difficult to provide energy for the follow-up income of the films. If the quality of youth films is not improved, they may become sub-box office films in the future market.

Cost-effective calculation: How many billions can a movie like monster hunt make money?

　 　 The most successful movie this summer is monster hunt, but monster hunt is not the movie with the highest return on investment, or even the most profitable movie. The domestic box office revenue is divided by the producer, the cinema and the issuer according to the proportion, and the producer gets 43% of the final box office (the proportion will be slightly adjusted for a single film). According to producer Jiang Zhiqiang, monster hunt invested 350 million yuan. If it includes publicity expenses, the box office must reach the profit and loss line of 810 million, and the producers can barely recover the cost. If it does not, the profit and loss line may be above 900 million. In the latter case, even if the total box office of "monster hunt" reaches 2 billion, the producer’s profit is only about 460 million, and the return on investment is about 110%, which is actually not high.

　

　 　 On the other hand, Pancake Man, which was released at the same time as monster hunt, had a total production and publicity cost of about 50 million, a break-even line of 116 million and a box office of 1 billion, which brought 380 million profits to the producers and a return on investment of 760%. Although monster hunt is slightly better than Pancake Man in terms of the amount of profit, the risks brought by high investment and other uncontrollable factors will multiply, and it is not uncommon for a blockbuster to ruin a production company. For example, the fiasco of Whisperwind sent MGM, which had been in a bleak business for many years, to the auction house, and Final Fantasy: Deep in the Soul also drove Sakaguchi Hironobu and SQUARE off the altar.

　

　 　 "monster hunt" is a gamble, making a Chinese special effects blockbuster is a gamble, and spending 70 million yuan to remake it is a gamble, but its victory is the victory of producer Jiang Zhiqiang. Before the release, the debate was whether the film could recover its cost through box office revenue, and no one dared to say that its box office would fall above 2 billion yuan. Regardless of the cost of investment, even to the point of risking one’s life, while admiring Jiang Zhiqiang’s courage, I have to stop and think: What if monster hunt fails? How many Jiang Zhiqiang can win the bet? Maybe the future market will give the answer.

"The declaration of martyrs for Zhou Rongjiu, a famous anti-Japanese hero from Qinglong Mountain in Naiman Banner, has finally succeeded …" Recently, the People’s Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ratified Zhou Rongjiu as a martyr. The news came that the most exciting person may be Zhao Dianwu, an expert on the war of resistance in Inner Mongolia. Then, what is the story behind the anti-Japanese hero Zhou Rongjiu being chased as a martyr?

Portrait of Zhou Rongjiu

Get acquainted with books and walk in the heart.

"When I was a child, my father often talked about how the Japanese burned and looted in their hometown of Beipiao Daheishan, and how my grandparents survived the bombing by enemy planes and fled their homes to Aohan Banner. This became an unforgettable memory of my childhood. There is also a famous anti-Japanese hero in my hometown-He Sheng, who is a subordinate of the famous anti-Japanese hero Zhou Rongjiu. He Sheng personally shot and killed the Japanese devils in Naiman Banner to defend Rongzhi on the’ Tai Shang Huang’ Mountain. Later, I learned that the barbaric atrocities of the Japanese in my hometown were aimed at shocking the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians and clearing the anti-Japanese national salvation army led by Zhou Rongjiu, which made me always full of deep respect for Zhou Rongjiu. " Zhao Dianwu told reporters that in 1935, Zhou Rongjiu led his troops to capture the Eight Immortals Tube where the pseudo Naiman Banner was located, which was a sensation. Over the years, authoritative books on the history of anti-Japanese war and revolutionary history have fully affirmed Zhou Rongjiu’s anti-Japanese exploits.

In 2014, Zhao Dianwu had a strong desire after attending the review meeting of the manuscript of the History of the Anti-Japanese War in Inner Mongolia: he had the opportunity to promote the declaration of martyrs for the anti-Japanese hero Zhou Rongjiu. At that time, he contacted some people, but there was no breakthrough, and the matter was put on hold. In 2019, Zhao Dianwu saw an investigation record about Zhou Rongjiu’s sacrifice. Witnesses told him that before he was killed, he lambasted the traitors who rounded him up, and that working for the Japanese was "Chinese without conscience" and "where is the humanity of Chinese". Zhao Dianwu was deeply moved.

"I seem to see the situation before his heroic sacrifice. From an early age, we were taught in the text to say,’ We are Chinese, and we should love our motherland’. We should be like Zhou Rongjiu, an anti-Japanese hero, to be a conscientious Chinese, and we should have the human feelings of Chinese. I can’t wait any longer, taking advantage of the summer vacation to make an investigation in the hometown of anti-Japanese hero Zhou Rongjiu. " Promoting the declaration of martyrs for the anti-Japanese hero Zhou Rongjiu has become Zhao Dianwu’s biggest concern.

When Zhao Dianwu first set foot on the hero’s hometown, he was deeply shocked. Zhou Rongjiu is a hero in the local area, helping the poor and helping the poor, eliminating violence and calming down, and his folk reputation is particularly good. "His family has a earthen fence and two forts, which shows that his family’s economic conditions are very good. If he chooses to ignore the national righteousness, he can live a comfortable life. However, he is a bloody and patriotic Chinese. He is unwilling to be conquered people. He can’t stand the arrogance and cruel rule of the Japanese devils. He angrily rises up and launches armed resistance against Japan, which is deeply admired. " Zhao Dianwu told reporters about his experience of approaching Zhou Rongjiu. Since then, "Zhou Rongjiu" has changed from a name to a real, flesh-and-blood hero in his heart.

The Report of Zhou Rongjiu’s Sacrifice in Frontier News in 1936

Heroes are famous everywhere.

"The process of declaring martyrs is also a process of in-depth study and approaching heroes, and there are many important discoveries and gains. For example, his name used to be called Zhou Rongjiu or Zhou Rongjiu. This time, through the collection of historical materials of the enemy and puppet troops, it was found that the Japanese army called it Zhou Yongjiu at that time, even the Japanese war criminals who participated in the pursuit of him wrote in the later confession materials, showing his prestige and the deep blow to the Japanese aggressors. " Zhao Dianwu said.

Originally known as Zhou Rong, Zhou Rongjiu was born on March 11th, 1896 in a poor peasant family in Zhangzitun, Henan Province, Yamenyingzi (now Qinglong Mountain Town), the first district of Naiman Banner. He is a burly man with extraordinary physical strength. He is willing to endure hardships and act bravely, which not only improves his family, but also makes many friends. In addition, he later developed a courage in his greenwood career in the paddock, which made him famous for his double guns. Therefore, Zhou Rongjiu became a company commander in the Northeast Army. Soon, his unit was reorganized into Fuxin local security team, and he served as the battalion chief.

After the "September 18th Incident", in just a few months, the Northeast fell. Zhou Rongjiu witnessed the Japanese aggressors and traitors bullying and cruel oppression and plunder of Chinese, and was very resentful. He hated the Kuomintang government’s policy of non-resistance, refused to be transferred to Shanhaiguan Pass with the troops, left the troops in anger and returned to his hometown.

In the spring of 1935, Zhou Rongjiu and his second brother, Zhou Gui, secretly killed two Japanese who bullied the people and acted recklessly, knowing that they would be pursued and retaliated, so he decided to rise up.

On the morning of July 23rd, 1935, Zhou Rongjiu led the anti-Manchu Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army to attack the Eight Immortals Tube, where the puppet Naiman Banner Office was located. After more than four hours of bloody fighting, he finally conquered the Eight Immortals Tube and killed the counselor Guan Shan Shou Rongzhi, the instructor Fujikawa Fukuro, and the inspector Nakagen. During the battle, they also captured Sasaki Tadashi Taro, a heinous Japanese agency official, and hung him in the Cross Street Courtyard, where he was executed after holding a mass meeting. Seven Japanese aggressors were killed in this battle, and all the guards of the puppet government and the police surrendered except the escapees, seized a small steel gun and more than 70 long and short guns, and burned the Naiman Banner government office …

Zhou Rongjiu’s Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army captured the Eight Immortals Tube, the political center of Naiman Banner, under the Japanese aggressors’ noses, and executed all the Japanese aggressors in charge. This was the Eight Immortals Tube incident that shocked the headquarters of the Japanese Kwantung Army and the top of the puppet Manchukuo. The Japanese aggressors became angry from embarrassment, regarded Zhou Rongjiu as a menace, mobilized heavy troops to pursue the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army, pursued Zhou Rongjiu’s family, and burned down his house in Zhangzi, Henan.

In view of the crazy revenge of the Japanese puppet troops, Zhou Rongjiu led his troops to Beipiao area to join forces with the anti-Japanese armed forces led by Luan Tianlin. Two anti-Japanese teams joined forces in one place, which was a great shock. Later, they joined forces with the volunteers led by the Communist party member senior cadres and fought side by side in the area of Daheishan, dealing a heavy blow to the enemy.

In October 1935, the Japanese aggressors began to launch an "autumn crusade" against the Daheishan region. In dealing with the situation, Zhou Rongjiu adopted guerrilla tactics and constantly dealt a heavy blow to the enemy.

In order to completely destroy Zhou Rongjiu’s anti-Japanese national salvation army, the Japanese invaders set up a crusade team to pursue it, and at the same time strictly ordered all localities to chase and intercept it. The officers and men of the National Salvation Army kept fighting with their pursuers in Naiman, Kulun, Fuxin, Aohan, Arukerqin and Onniut.

On the morning of July 10, 1936, Zhou Rongjiu, who fought in Wulanmutu Mountain in northern Fuxin, was unfortunately surrounded by the enemy. Zhou Rongjiu refused to surrender, swore at the enemy and was shot on the bluestone in the western depression of Wulanmutu. In order to win credit, reward and shock the anti-Japanese forces, the enemy brutally cut off his head and hung it on the willow tree in Ertuban Street for public display. This famous anti-Japanese hero, regarded by the Japanese invaders as "the famous anti-Manchu bandit leader in Jehol Province", shed his last drop of blood to resist foreign aggression.

Zhao Dianwu (middle) investigates Wulanmutu Mountain in Fuxin.

Archives prove anti-Japanese historical facts

"This matter lasted for two years, but it did not include the previous brewing time." Talking about the process of declaring martyrs for anti-Japanese hero Zhou Rongjiu, Zhao Dianwu told reporters. To declare a martyr, you need first-hand archives that can prove the circumstances of the victim’s sacrifice, and the materials must be excellent. General literature and history materials and historical records cannot be used as evidence.

With the assistance of Shi Zhiban, a cadre in Naiman Banner, Zhao Dianwu made a systematic investigation in Zhou Rongjiu’s hometown, and went to Wulanmutushan, Fuxin, where the hero died, to conduct on-the-spot investigation and learn from the villagers. During the investigation in Naiman Banner, many people didn’t know the whereabouts of Zhou Rongjiu’s descendants, so he had to submit an application for ratification of martyrs to the competent authorities as a citizen of the place where the incident occurred. In addition, he also entrusted friends from all walks of life from Beijing to Shanghai and then to Changchun to look for first-hand information from books and archives institutions like a needle in a haystack. He also struggled to find the hero’s descendants who had long been considered unaccounted for, but unfortunately, when the hero’s only granddaughter, 87-year-old Zhou Yanjun, was found, she was already on her deathbed. Seven days later, Zhou Yanjun died and failed to see the day when she successfully declared a martyr for her grandfather.

"After rigorous textual research and painstaking collection, the materials provided are excellent, passed the examination of Naiman Banner, Tongliao City and Autonomous Region governments and corresponding competent departments, and were put on record by the Department of Veterans Affairs." Zhao Dianwu said.(Text/Northern New Newspaper Zhengbei Net reporter Ma Lixia)(The pictures are all provided by Zhao Dianwu)

　Editor’s note:On September 16th, American playwright edward ablee died at his home in Montauk, New York, at the age of 88. Albee won the Pulitzer Prize for Best Drama for three times and the Tony Prize for Best Drama for two times. He is the greatest playwright in the United States after Eugene O ‘Neill, tennessee williams and arthur miller.

Many of Albee’s plays have been translated and introduced into China. In 2013, Sanhui Books and Xinxing Publishing House published The Goat: Albue’s Plays, which included three representative plays. This article is a reading guide written by Hu Kaiqi, the translator of this book, for three plays. It is authorized by Sanhui Books to be used by The Paper, with some abridgements.

Edward ablee Oriental IC data

Edward Albee is the greatest playwright in the United States after Eugene O ‘Neill, tennessee williams and arthur miller, and is the flag of serious drama in contemporary America and even the world. Since The Zoo Story was first staged in the late 1950s, Albee’s plays have continuously shocked the American theater. Up to now, Albee has created more than 30 plays, and won three Pulitzer Prize for Best Drama, two Tony Prize for Best Drama, three Best Drama Literature Awards and four Lifetime Achievement Awards. His masterpieces include The Zoo Story, The American Dream and Who’s Afraid of Adeline Virginia Woolf? "delicate balance", "seascape", "three tall women", "goat or who is Sylvia? ","at home in the zoo "and so on.

As a representative of American serious drama, Albee always pays sharp and sober attention to the times and society, and reflects and criticizes the social reality and human existence fearlessly and mercilessly. He once said, "What people see on Broadway is not drama at all, but some mass-produced products, which will only make people intoxicated or sleepy, but not wake up and wake up." His plays are often performed in off broadway and even abroad, and finally returned to Broadway.

Albee’s works are deeply influenced by naturalism, surrealism, symbolism, absurd drama and other schools, but his exploration and modernity are mainly reflected in the connotation and thought of his works. As he said: "… the writer’s responsibility is to be an extraordinary social critic-to show people the true nature of the world and human beings he has seen, and to warn:’ Do you like it? If you don’t like it, change it.’ "

Albee embodies his unique style in the prompts of characters’ dialogues in his plays. For example, in The Goat or Who’s Sylvia? Stevie (honestly) If you are seeing that woman, I think we need to talk. Martin (stop, silent for a long time; Honestly) If I am like that … We will talk. " And "Ross (wow! ) You are in love! " Such hints also appear from time to time in At Home in the Zoo and The Garden of Desire. I kept this kind of Albee-style personalized prompt by literal translation.

Goat: Albee’s Plays

The goat or who is Sylvia in this book? "At Home in the Zoo" and "At Home in the Zoo" were published in Drama Art, and "The Garden of Desire" has been put on the stage of China by China National Theatre, while "Goat or Who is Sylvia? It also premiered in Beijing in 2012.

In 1967, after winning the Pulitzer Prize, edward ablee was interviewed in the theater. Oriental IC data

At Home in the Zoo: Human Isolation and Alienation

In 1958, edward ablee became famous with his first one-act play The Zoo Story (1958), which shocked the western society. This drama, which profoundly shows the alienation, isolation and loneliness of human beings in modern commercial society, has become a world-recognized classic of drama literature in the following half century. This play, originally named Peter and Jerry, was written by Albee in one go within three weeks before his 30th birthday. The author originally cast it on Broadway in new york, but it was rejected by the producer. So The Zoo Story came to Europe, premiered at Berlin Art Festival in September 1959, and began its new york premiere at Provinse Town Theatre in January 1960.

In 2008, Albee surprisingly changed his one-act drama "The Zoo Story" 50 years ago into a two-act drama "At Home at the Zoo" (2009) and staged it in the second theater in off broadway, new york. Shakespeare in the past or neil simon today have rewritten some of their past masterpieces in the form of sequels or prequels, but it is rare to rewrite them in a big way on the stage. Moreover, in the past half century, The Zoo Story is one of the most famous and frequently performed American plays in the world.

This great play about the murder scene between a gentleman Peter and a poor man Jerry in new york Central Park has always been a classic textbook for drama students. Over the years, countless commentators have discussed and analyzed Albee’s profound exposure of human alienation in the mid-20th century. Although he also wrote Who’s Afraid of Adeline Virginia Woolf? Three Tall Women, Delicate Balance and Goat or Who’s Sylvia? "and other thirty plays, but the shock and passion of" Zoo Story "is unique.

In fact, Albee’s idea of rewriting The Zoo Story has a long history. This play, which has become a world classic, was once performed as a short play with Beckett’s The Last Tape of klapp and other short plays. Albee has always regretted this. In the late 1990s, 40 years after The Zoo Story appeared, Albee planned to add a scene for Peter. "There is some imbalance, and Jerry kept telling in the play that Peter had no time to talk. I hope to know Peter better. "

Albee doesn’t agree with playwrights to rewrite their previous plays drastically. He said, "It can’t be rewritten. Times have changed and people are not the same." So he didn’t make a big move on The Zoo Story, but just wrote At Home as the first act of the whole play. He even mentioned that when he conceived the Zoo Story in 1958, he visited Peter and Anna and their living room. "I just couldn’t write this scene at that time."

Albiyuan traced his initial creative impulse: "I know Anna so well because I know what Peter’s wife should look like." He felt that At Home seemed to flow from his heart, and he just showed the relationship between the couple naturally. As a solemn and humorous study of mediocre civilization, At Home shows the conversation between a loving couple in today’s society.

At the beginning of the first act of At Home in the Zoo, just after noon on Sunday, in a Danish modern living room in an apartment building in East Seventies Street, Manhattan, two or three avenues away from Central Park, a peaceful and elegant middle-aged gentleman husband Peter and his dignified and quiet wife Anna appeared. Two silent daughters are upstairs, and Peter is sitting and reviewing an extremely important and boring textbook that has never been published by their publishing company.

Anna walked out of the kitchen and casually declared, "We should talk." So they talked about family chores: fireplace, children, microwave oven, cats, parrots, and then talked about each other’s sleeping state and Anna’s habit of night outing before dawn. Anna told puzzled Peter that she wanted to have her breasts removed to prevent cancer. The two chatted with each other jokingly about death, love and people’s madness, and also associated with "thinking about thinking about something."

With Anna’s outspokenness, Peter said carefully that he thought his penis was "shrinking". Anna suppressed her smile to show sympathy. She knew that sex and sexual topics were not Peter’s strong points, and she called him a "gentleman". They talked about circumcision and clitoris … Then the conversation turned back to why Anna proposed to talk. During the conversation, they suddenly found that some terrible unspeakable thing threatened their quiet life; They found each other unable to pour out their deepest fears.

Peter recalled the details of violent sex with a girl when he was drunk in college. That crazy sex ended in blood dripping and pain and shame, so Peter was always careful in his subsequent sex for fear of hurting others. During the conversation, Anna slapped Peter in the face and immediately hugged him and kissed him passionately. She said that she just wanted to surprise him with suspense. In laughter, they hoped that a sudden tornado would completely destroy their safe and orderly family life. Then, the two said goodbye to "I love you". Anna went to the kitchen, and Peter went to Central Park with the boring textbook.

The second act of At Home in the Zoo is the original Zoo Story. Albee didn’t rewrite this scene, only made some abridgements, so the text is the same as his original 1999 version. At the beginning of the second act, Peter who came to Central Park was sitting on a bench reading. Then, a disheveled man in his thirties, Jerry, appeared. Depressed-looking Jerry insisted on talking to Peter. Jerry lives in a cubicle on the top floor of an old building on Manhattan’s Upper West Side. He has no friends or relatives and is alone. He told about his homosexual experiences in adolescence and his life as a prostitute now. Peter was very embarrassed by his dark and filthy candor. In addition to satisfying the lust of the slutty and dirty landlady, Jerry has to deal with the landlady’s "black monster" dog that keeps chasing him. After repeatedly failing to please the evil dog, he poisoned it. The bad dog survived and ignored Jerry, so there was only indifference between man and dog. Jerry can’t communicate with dogs and people.

Because the first scene "At Home" shows the spiritual estrangement and emotional alienation between Peter and his wife, in the second scene, when Jerry frantically tells the loneliness and isolation of his existence in a monologue, Peter is more clearly aware of the distortion, fracture and isolation between himself and Anna. His deep anger, anxiety and despair contributed to the growing conflict between him and Jerry for the park bench, until he angrily held Jerry’s sharp blade to defend himself, until Jerry swooped on the sharp blade and committed suicide.

In the scene of In the Zoo, we have to face the isolation and alienation of people in modern society with fear. In the scene at home, we can only look directly at it painfully: even in a happy family and marriage, isolation and alienation are everywhere. From Peter and Anna’s emotional and spiritual indifference to Jerry’s isolated and absurd living condition, bloody suicide in the park seems to be the inevitable outcome. As you can imagine, when Peter fled the park and ran home like a wounded beast, when Anna tried to comfort him, Jerry’s suicide caused the peaceful world around them to collapse. The couple had hoped for waves and ripples in a peaceful life, but the revenge of bad luck came unexpectedly.

Stills of "At Home in the Zoo"

In the society of vicious expansion of modern industrial civilization, people are gradually losing their humanity and personality. When people are alienated by materials, interpersonal relationships are also alienated. In the noisy, complicated and almost crazy modern city, people are like a group of worker ants, crawling repeatedly every day. People think, people get tired, and people get lost. People pursue material things, but they are alienated by them after all. On the park bench in At Home in the Zoo, Peter sits at one end and Jerry sits at the other, separated by a barrier, just like Jerry mentioned the zoo-"all animals are separated". This sense of isolation is the living form of human beings in today’s society, and it is also one of the phenomena of material alienation. Crazy industrial civilization has not made human beings truly "civilized", on the contrary, it has made human beings move from civilization to barbarism, just like the two couples who bite each other in the novel "Slaughter the God" by the French playwright Jasmina Razer. The lonely individuals of Peter, Anna and Jerry are the portrayal of everyone in today’s society. The pain of each individual is also the pain of the whole mankind.

"At Home in the Zoo" makes the audience realize the threat hidden in the survival of every modern person. If "At Home" is a slap in people’s face and "At the Zoo" is a punch in people’s abdomen, you can imagine the horror and confusion of the theater fans gasping. For the two plays written 50 years apart, Albee insists that they are a whole. "This is a complete play. Peter’s experience in the first act contributed to the conflict between him and Jerry in the second act. The completeness and profundity of this two-act drama far exceeds the one-act Zoo Story. "

The Zoo Story has been staged many times in China, and it was also performed at Nanluoguxiang Drama Festival in May 2011. For the audience who are used to The Zoo Story, At Home in the Zoo is more like two independent dramas. It’s just as well. The emotional ice in the first act and the emotional fire in the second act do form a clear contrast between them. If at home is regarded as another play by Albee that pays attention to the emotion and ecology of middle-aged couples, it is different from his previous Marriage Drama (1987) and Goat or Who is Sylvia? Compared with the characters in "Peter and Anna", the scene of Peter and Anna can go deeper into the hearts of the audience.

It is worth mentioning that in November, 2011, another absurd family drama "Sex and the Garden" by Albee was also put on the stage in Beijing by China National Theatre.

At Home in the Zoo shows us the changes of Albee’s writing style in the past 50 years. Albee is 80 years old, but her creativity is still strong. "In the Zoo" 50 years ago was full of anger and youthful agitation; After 50 years, At Home is thoughtful and wise, with philosopher’s feelings. The former is angry, the latter is quiet. Whether it is pain or sorrow, whether it is sentimentality or cynicism, this talented playwright has always been deeply concerned about the ups and downs of human destiny and the decline of modern civilization.

In 2004, the London edition of Goat or Who is Sylvia? "stills

Goat or Who is Sylvia? Notes on the definition of a tragedy

The absurd family tragedy of contemporary American society, Goat or Who is Sylvia? 》（The Goat or Who is Sylvia? , 2002) won several drama awards such as Tony’s best drama in 2002. Goat or Who is Sylvia? In March 2002, it premiered at the John Goolden Theatre on Broadway, with a total of 309 performances. In 2004, the London edition of Goat or Who is Sylvia? The British premiere began again. "Who’s Sylvia" in the title of this play is taken from the song "Who’s Sylvia?" by Proteus in Shakespeare’s Two Gentlemen of Verona. 》。

Martin Gray, the hero of the play, is a typical decent, upright and brilliant architect in American society. He lives an ideal and happy life with his beloved wife and son. In his lucky week, he came to the door three times. In addition to his 50th birthday party, he also won the highest international architectural design award and a huge contract for landmark architectural design. However, when he revealed his unspeakable secrets to his friends in fear-when he had sex with a goat (Sylvia), everything around him-family, affection, life and career fell apart in an instant.

Goat or Who is Sylvia? The challenge to people’s morality lies in how to face the social forbidden zones such as extramarital sex, homosexuality, incest and animal rape in contemporary society, and at the same time, the goat or who is Sylvia? It also conveys the desire of modern people to return to nature. Martin is at the peak of his career and happy in his family life. However, it is conceivable that all kinds of reputation and crazy material civilization in modern society have alienated human beings and overwhelmed Martin. This is why he hates public masks and is obsessed with finding an idyllic land.

The beauty of the country made him linger and forget his worries. Now he fell in love with a goat and had sex with it. On the moral level, this extremely abnormal behavior is shameful, but in human nature, it may be a release under the long-term pressure of alienation. It is the pastoral scenery that returns to nature that awakens Martin’s instinct and primitive desire. Although his choice is shocking, he feels holy, happy and beyond all love …

As far as drama style is concerned, The Goat or Who is Sylvia? "Who’s Afraid of Adeline Virginia Woolf?" Albee won the Tony Award for Best Drama on Broadway 40 years ago. 》（Who is Afraid of Virginia Woolf ? 1962), there is a return to realism: clear plots, concrete scenes and stylized dialogues. As the mainstream writer of American serious drama, Albee’s avant-garde style is more manifested in events and themes than in the form of drama.

Goat or Who is Sylvia? The whole play is divided into three scenes without intermission. The core of the whole play is the fierce confrontation and debate between Martin and Stevie.

The Gothic atmosphere in Albee’s plays, or the surreal dream and its mysterious symbol and deliberate concealment all make critics and audiences feel that the goat in this play is just a symbol and a metaphor, and the bestiality in the play is just the playwright’s literary thinking and exploration of a social concept. But the goat or who is Sylvia? The language is so vivid and touching, and the scene is so realistic that the audience can’t avoid Albee’s deliberate warning: sometimes a goat is a goat.

At the end of the first scene, Martin revealed the secrets of his heart to Ross; When the second scene begins, Stevie has learned the truth from Ross’s letter. Martin’s son Billy immediately fell into confusion and anger; Stevie then fiercely attacked and blamed Martin and asked him to explain this unforgivable behavior. When Martin tried his best to communicate with her and pour out his troubles, Stevie kept interrupting him, making the audience in the theater laugh their heads off. When Martin painfully told her that he loved her as always, Stevie replied coldly, "But I am a human being, I only have two breasts, and I can only walk upright …"

In The Goat or Who Is Sylvia? In an interview before the premiere of new york, Albee said that he hoped to test the audience’s tolerance through this play. He said: "All civilizations have arbitrary norms on their tolerance. This play shows how a family is deeply shaken by an unimaginable event and how they solve this dilemma. I hope that people will give new thoughts on the reasonable direction of their own values. " Undoubtedly, this is also a test of human nature, an extremely complex and deep exploration: the nature of love, the mystery of sex, human empathy and so on.

Albee’s provocative idea is that love, no matter what form, is an undeniable objective existence, and even social norms, cultural customs and personal wishes can’t overwhelm it. Martin can’t defend his behavior, so he can only beg Stevie’s understanding and forgiveness, but he firmly believes that his love for Sylvia is sincere and deep, insisting that the encounter with her is an "epiphany" and "once it happens, there is no retreat". He claimed that his love for Sylvia was essentially the same as his love for Stevie, which was unacceptable and incomprehensible to Stevie.

If love is an abstraction that is not limited by inherent moral values, then human sexual behavior is distinct and concrete, and it inevitably bears moral responsibility. Therefore, in the current concept of human society, the love between Martin and goat is undoubtedly an inherent evil. He thought his love for the goat was "irrelevant to everything", but found that it was related to everything around him.

Goat or Who is Sylvia? The subtitle of the play is "Annotation on the Definition of a Tragedy". Albee pointed out that his allusions originated from the ancient Greek tragedy, and the word "tragedy" originated from the "song of the goat" in ancient Greek. In the first scene, when Ross asked about the strange and secret whistle, Martin coolly called it "the goddess of mercy".

Bentley, a dramatist, wrote in his book Benlly, The life of the Drama: "In tragedy, people are both angels and beasts, and they are fighting." This idea is in "goat or who is Sylvia?" It was echoed in ". Martin said it was the soul, and Stevie insisted on sexual desire. When Stevie pointed out that their dilemma was "You are a wild animal", Martin calmly replied, "I think I am … I think we are all wild animals." Martin admitted that he was "miserable" and "deeply divided", but Stevie couldn’t forgive him. The "goddess of mercy" didn’t appear, only a cavity of revenge anger. "You ruined me, well, God has eyes! I let you destroy it with me! " Goat or Who is Sylvia? The dilemma of human nature in this extreme state presented in "The Tragedy" profoundly completes the annotation of a tragic definition.

At the end of the play, Stevie dragged Sylvia’s body on the stage covered in blood. Love, sympathy and understanding disappeared, leaving only hatred, revenge and misunderstanding. Looking at the goat lying in a pool of blood, Martin looked up and wailed the heartbreaking fate of him and Sylvia. He could only cry, "Does no one understand this? Why can’t anyone understand … I’m lonely … so … lonely! " At this moment, Martin Gray is like the ghost of Oedipus-painfully blinding himself, leaving the warmth and sympathy of the world forever and disappearing into the wilderness.

Edward ablee’s The Garden of Desire

A Garden of Desire: The Collapse and Degeneration of a Flashy Society

Edward ablee’s "Garden of Desire" was originally named "Everything in the Garden" (1967), and its original author was the famous British playwright Giles Cooper. The play was first performed by the Royal Shakespeare Company in London in March 1962. In December 1966, 48-year-old Cooper died young. In order to commemorate him, the American version of "Garden of Desire" adapted by Albee was staged on Broadway in new york in 1967. Albee’s Garden of Desire satirizes and exposes the hypocritical and greedy American money society, which makes it the most important and controversial one in his adaptation, but it is also the most successful one: the popular comedy Garden of Desire and his best original drama Who is afraid of Adeline Virginia Woolf? "has been put on the screen.

In November, 2011, as the first part of the National Theatre’s "Famous Classics: Desire Trilogy", the Garden of Desire, directed by Han Jie, premiered at the newly-built National Theatre. This black comedy, which reveals the greed for money in contemporary human society, has been playing for a long time in the West, and it is also loved by China audiences in Beijing. In February, 2012, this drama began its second hot performance in national centre for the performing arts. More than ten years ago, the then China Youth Art Theatre moved this play. Nowadays, owning a garden villa has become a dream in people’s hearts, and "Desire Garden" undoubtedly has a profound warning meaning for the current extremely impetuous social mentality of worshipping money.

In Albee’s "Garden of Desire", Jenny and Richard, who live in the garden villa, are struggling to make ends meet, so they can only desperately maintain their dignity; Their good friend, Jack, a rich painter who inherited millions of inheritance, is carefree but lonely, so he always comes to Jenny for emotional comfort. Jack loves Jenny and Richard so much that he is determined to leave his ten million inheritance to the couple after his death. But half a year later, Jenny and Richard made a fortune. It turned out that Jenny was lured by Mrs. Tus and went to Mrs. Tus’s brothel in the city for prostitution without telling Richard. At the subsequent party, Jenny and Richard found that the housewives of their rich neighbors and friends were all "girls" of Mrs. Tus. Jack, who arrived late, recognized Mrs. Tuse at the party, and he was killed …

Compared with the rural story of London in Cooper’s original work, Albee’s Garden of Desire deepens and strengthens the revelation and torture of human nature and living conditions in modern society with a typical American middle-class life scene. For example, in Cooper’s original play, the couple didn’t see books and paintings in their indoor furnishings, while in Albee’s Broadway "Garden of Desire", not only a few oil paintings were hung indoors, but also books were filled on shelves covering a whole wall. This makes the audience have to face up to it: in a money world with moral collapse, intellectuals as social conscience are equally depraved and crazy. This is undoubtedly a mirror of the present China society.

This character, renamed Mrs Tus by Albee, was a Polish Jewish woman who survived the Nazi concentration camp in Cooper’s original play and made a living as a pimp for bored middle-class British housewives. Albee turned her into a headstrong and ruthless businesswoman who organized prostitution in new york, deliberately hiding her life story to highlight her evil symbol. In Cooper’s play, Jenny advertised for a job and attracted Mrs. Tus; In Albee’s play, Jenny’s neighbor girlfriend revealed Jenny’s financial difficulties to Mrs. Tus.

The biggest controversy in this play lies in the unpunished murder in the play. Some critics think that Albee should delete the murder plot in the adaptation, so as not to fall into the murder convention of the structural reasoning play and weaken its social critical significance. Time magazine thinks that murder is "too sensational, as if the corruption and collapse of moral values only mean death". Albee keeps the plot of murder, but unlike Cooper, he hopes that his Garden of Desire is more than just a social drama to explore the moral culture of the middle class in American society. Death in Cooper’s works is a one-dimensional realism, while death in Albee’s works is a symbol.

Albee’s Garden of Desire is no longer an isolated murder story, it reveals the moral and spiritual collapse and degeneration of a flashy society as a whole; It condemned the murder of humanity and humanity in this defeated society. Over the past 50 years, among more than 30 plays created by Albee, four have been adapted: The Garden of Desire, Malcolm, The Sad Cafe Song and Lolita in the 1980s. He once criticized the shoddy adaptation of many screenwriters on the American stage. "Most of these works adapted from European novels and scripts are clumsy, distorted and worthless, but people should not forget that many plays by playwrights Sophocles, Shakespeare, Racine, Giraudoux and Anouilh are their adaptations … Drama adaptation can be a respected profession and a very important artistic act."

Albee believes that successful screenwriters should not only retell and express the story of the original, but also use the original as a springboard to explain their unique views. Just like electra, Sophocles, euripides, Giraudoux and Hoffman Shtal have their own unique forms and contents. Playwrights have their own interpretations of the original, and the story of the original is only a catalyst for their artistic conception. Before Shakespeare’s tragedy King Lear, The History of King Lear was staged in the Elizabethan era. In this early version, King Lear did not go crazy, but returned to the throne two or three years later and died peacefully. If Shakespeare was trapped in the story and thought of the original play, there would be no unparalleled Shakespeare’s tragedy King Lear today.

CCTV News:According to the data released by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the 7th, by the end of April 2024, the scale of China’s foreign exchange reserves was US$ 3,200.8 billion, down by US$ 44.8 billion or 1.38% from the end of March.

The relevant person in charge said that in April 2024, the US dollar index rose and the global financial asset prices generally fell. The scale of foreign exchange reserves decreased in the month due to the combined effects of exchange rate conversion and asset price changes.

In April, the turnover of the national futures market increased by 28.49% year on year.

China Futures Association released data on May 7th. In April, the turnover of the national futures market was 56.74 trillion yuan, up 28.49% year-on-year. Among them, silver, soda ash, soybean meal, industrial silicon and other futures transactions are active.

In April, the prosperity index of China logistics industry was 52.4%.

China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing announced on May 7th that in April, the prosperity index of China’s logistics industry was 52.4%, up 0.9 percentage points from the previous month. In April, the upstream and downstream of the supply chain maintained a trend of linkage recovery, the logistics demand for equipment manufacturing and transportation equipment manufacturing was released in an orderly manner, and the logistics demand for daily fast-moving consumer goods and durable consumer goods such as furniture and household appliances increased rapidly.

In addition, investment in the logistics field has accelerated, and the index of fixed assets investment completion rebounded to the expansion range of more than 50% in April. The index of warehousing, multimodal transport and loading and unloading industries rose by more than 2 percentage points.

China’s advertising industry grew strongly in the first quarter.

Advertising is a "barometer" of economic development, and the development of advertising industry largely reflects the vitality of consumer market and enterprise investment confidence. The General Administration of Market Supervision announced on May 7 that a statistical survey of 857 head institutions and enterprises above designated size engaged in advertising business showed that the advertising industry grew strongly in the first quarter.

According to the data released by the General Administration of Market Supervision, in the first quarter, 857 head enterprises and institutions realized a total advertising business income of 274.06 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.6%.

In the first quarter, the Internet advertising revenue of 857 head enterprises and institutions was 137.52 billion yuan, up 20.6% year-on-year, accounting for 77.0% of the total advertising revenue. Thanks to the development of information technology, the Internet plays a leading role in all kinds of advertising media and is the main channel for the promotion of goods and services. Traditional media accelerated the digital transformation. The advertising business income of institutions represented by radio and television stations and newspapers was 7.85 billion yuan, up by 3.1% year-on-year, but its Internet advertising business increased by 135.4% year-on-year.

It is understood that 857 head enterprises and institutions are mainly platform enterprises, and the data shows that their advertising business income in 2023 accounted for 91.8% of the total number of institutions and enterprises above designated size in China. Among them, the advertising business income of head platform enterprises accounts for more than 50% of its operating income. The advertising business of platform enterprises not only drives the majority of small and medium-sized micro-advertising enterprises to build industrial chains, but also provides financial guarantee for them to carry out technological innovations such as artificial intelligence, new energy and cloud computing.

In 2024, the national cultural relics protection fund budget was 6.383 billion yuan.

A few days ago, the central government issued a national cultural relics protection fund budget of 6.383 billion yuan in 2024, which was used for the expenses of cultural relics maintenance and protection, cultural relics security, archaeology and movable cultural relics protection. Among them, the general project budget is 5.372 billion yuan, giving priority to revolutionary cultural relics, cave temple cultural relics, archaeology, and cultural relics protection related to the construction of national cultural parks.

The food safety situation in the first quarter was generally stable.

The reporter learned from the General Administration of Market Supervision on May 7 that in the first quarter of 2024, the national market supervision department completed nearly 770,000 batches of food safety supervision and sampling, and conducted inspection according to relevant national food safety standards. The unqualified rate of supervision and sampling was 2.36%, up 0.18 percentage points from the same period in 2023.

From the sampling food varieties, the unqualified rates of food processed with high consumption, such as edible oil, grease and its products, meat products, egg products and dairy products, were 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.69%, 0.07% and 0.05% respectively, which were lower than the overall unqualified rate. Compared with the same period of last year, the unqualified rate of 14 categories of food such as catering food and frozen drinks decreased, but the unqualified rate of 18 categories of food such as special catering food and condiments increased.

From the categories of unqualified items detected, some unqualified items accounted for 46.45% of the total unqualified samples, including pesticide residues exceeding the standard, 16.29% of food additives exceeding the limit, 11.75% of microbial pollution, 8.78% of organic pollution, 6.35% of veterinary drug residues exceeding the standard, 5.53% of quality indicators failing to meet the standard, and 3.50% of heavy metal pollution.

In view of the unqualified samples found in the supervision and sampling inspection, the market supervision department has announced the results of the supervision and sampling inspection to the public, and urged the relevant production and operation enterprises to take off the shelves and recall the unqualified batches of products in time, strictly control the food safety risks, and conduct verification and disposal according to relevant regulations.

Recently, it was officially launched, and four models were launched, with a guide price of 129,800-159,800 yuan and a 1.5T plug-in system.

In terms of appearance, the current design style is adopted, the front face is designed with a penetrating light strip, and the front surrounding air inlet is designed with a grid.

The side of the car body and the outside of the window are surrounded by chrome trim. Color matching five wheels are very tense. In terms of size, the length, width and height of the new car are 4749/1900/1720 mm and the wheelbase is 2745 mm, which is positioned in a medium-sized SUV.

In the aspect of tail modeling, the through taillight design with vertical light bars is adopted.

In terms of interior, the central control adopts a double 12.3-inch integrated screen design, and the central control adds a painted decorative board. The square air conditioning outlet is very exquisite in shape.

In terms of practical functions, the new car is equipped with HiCar, panoramic image, keyless entry of the main driver, wireless charging of the mobile phone and other functions.

In terms of power, Jietu Shanhai L7 is equipped with a plug-in hybrid power system consisting of 1.5T+ single motor. The maximum power of the engine is 115kW, the maximum power of the single motor is 199KW, and the CLTC pure electric cruising range is 120km.

Jietu Shanhai L7 is atmospheric in shape, very close to the people in price, outstanding in space performance and rich in internal configuration, so the overall cost performance is very high, and it is a plug-in SUV worthy of consideration by family users.